省略to的动词不定式用法归纳.doc

省略to的动词不定式用法归纳

一、使役动词与to的省略
当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略to。如：
Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。
She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。
They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。
但是，当使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的不定式则必须要带to。如：
他被迫一天工作20小时。
误：He was made work twenty hours a day.
正：He was made to work twenty hours a day.
注意，表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。
另外注意，force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”，但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如：
They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。
The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。
考例：
1.The teacher forbade ________ our seats.
A.us to leave B.us leaving C.to leave D.to leaving
2.Mary had her friend ________ the best one.
A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose
3.The girl was made _________ she didn’t love at all.
A.marry a man B.to marry a man
C.to marry with a man D.married with a man

二、感觉动词与to的省略
当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略to。如：
We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。
I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。
Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗?
I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。
但是，当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时，则不能省略to。如：
They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。
注意，当这些动词变为被动语态时，不定式前的to不能省略。如：
They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。
另外，若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式，则通常应带 to。如：
I noticed her to have come early.我注意到她来得很早。
考例：
She told that she heard someone for help last night
A.to call B. call C.called D.calling

三、在had better、would rather、may／might as well、rather than等搭配之后，动词不定式也不带to。
例如：
If you'd rather be alone，we'1l a11 leave here．
如果你宁愿独自呆着．那我们都离开这儿。
You might as well go without her．
你们还是小带她去为好。
(考例)
1.You’d better _________ when you come in.
A.not to wake up me B.not to wake me up
C.not to wake up me D.not to wake me up
2.“How about a drink?”
“I’d rather ________ something to eat.”
A.have B.to have C.had D.having

四、在介词but，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示“不得不，只能”。
例如：
He does nothing but watch TV all day long．
他整天除了看电视无所事事、
I have no choice but to accept the fact．
我别无选择只有接受这个事实。
(考例)
Sandy could do nothing but____to his teacher that he was wrong．
A.admit B.admitted
C.．admitting D.tO admit

五、以why或why not开头引起的无主语中，动词不定式要省略to。
Why argue with him?
为什么要和他争辩呢?
Why not tell me aboutit in time?
为什么不及时告诉我这个问题?
(考例)
—I usually go there by train.
—Why not___by boat for a change?
A.to try going B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going

六、在主语以what、a11、the only thing等开头的包含行为动词do的句子中，作为主语补足语的不定式 常可省略to。
The only thing you can do is wait and see，
你唯—可做的只有等待和观望了：
All l can do is help you finish the work on time．
我能做的所有事情就是帮你按时完成工作。
(考例)
At present the best thing you should do is___another job，
A.1ook for B．1ooks for
C.Iooked for D.1ooking for

七、为-了避免重复，由and或or连接两个不定式时，—般可以省略第二个不定式符号to。例如：
工’m really puzzled what to think or say
我真不知道该怎么想和怎么说。
We want to swim and climb the hills next Saturday
我们下个星期六想游泳、爬山。
(考例)
The captain decided to send his car there and____at once，
A.pick them up B.pick up them
C.picked them up D.picked up them
注:如果前后两个不定式在意义上有对比关系时，不定式符号to不能省略。例如：
I came not to scold,but to praise you.
我来不是批评你，而是表扬你的。

八、一些含有but的固定搭配短语如can’t help but, can’t choose but, can not but, can but等结构中，后面跟不带to的动词不定式。例如：
It rained hard,so they couldn’t choose but stay at home.
雨下得很大，他们只得待在家里。
The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick。
那个老太太人只能拄着拐杖慢慢地朝前走。
(考例)
1.I cannot but_______your decision．
A.admire B.to admire
C.admired D.admires
2．Hearing the inspiring news, we couldn’t help but______.
A.cheer B.cheering
C．to cheer D．cheered

九、在make believe(假装)、make do(将就)，let go (放开)、hear say／tell(听人说起)、let fly(发射)、let fall (掉落)、leave go(放开)等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式。例如：
The man made believe that he was a policeman，
那个人装扮成—个警察。
Have you ever heard tell of such things?
你有没有听说过这种事情?
Don’t let go of the rope．
别放开绳子。

十、在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。例如：
Will you help me(to)carry the bag?
你能帮我拿这个包吗?
CustOoers’criticisms help(to) improve the service work of our shops。
顾客的批评意见帮助我们的商店改进服务工作。
(考例)
She can’t hclp_____ the house because she’s busy making a cake，
A.clean B.cleaning
C.cleaned D.beinng cleaned

特殊例解：
1.She can’t help _________ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A. to clean                        B. cleaning
C. cleaned                        D. being cleaned
2.While shopping, people sometimes can not help _________ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade                  B. persuading 
C. being persuaded      D. be persuaded