人教版初中英语语法-被动语态-PPT.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中考语法精讲,被动语态,我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？,苹果被,苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。,英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,主动语态表示,主语是动作的 执行者,。,谓语,speak,的动作是由主语,we,执行的，即主语是是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。,两种语态,English is spoken by many people.,主语,谓语,宾语,被动语态,主语,English,是谓语动词,speak,所表示的动作的承受者。,被动语态表示,主语是动作的承受者,。,We clean our classroom every day.,我们每天打扫教室。,主动语态,Our classroom is cleaned every day.,我们的教室每天被打扫。,被动语态,英语的语态是通过,动词形式的变化,表现出来的。,二、被动语态的基本构成：,be+,动词的过去分词（,be+done),be,随着人称，时态和数的变化而变化,1,）,.,一般现在时,am/is/are+done,We clean the classroom every day.,The classroom is cleaned by us every day,.,He put on a coat.,A coat was put on by him.,2,）,.,一般过去时,was/were+done,He made the kite.,The kite was made by him.,3,）,.,一般将来时,shall/will/be going to+be done,They will plant trees tomorrow.,Trees will be planted by them tomorrow,He is going to write a letter to his mother.,A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.,4,）,.,现在完成时,has/have+been done,Jim has finished the work.,The work has been finished by Jim.,5,）,.,含有情态动词的被动语态,can/may/must/should+be done,I can find him.,He can be found by me.,三、被动语态的用法,1.,不知道,动作,的执行者是谁。,The windoe was broken last night.,Rice is grown in the south of China.,Many trees should be planted every year.,每年都应该种更多的树。,2.,强调或突出动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。,Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,3.,动作不是由人发出的。,许多房屋被冲走了。,Many houses were washed away by the flood.,四、主动语态变被动语态的方法,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加,by,主动语态,被动语态,1.,Tom,broke,the window,.,The window,was broken,by Tom,.,2.,He,broke,the windows,.,The windows,were broken,by him,.,Be,要随着主语变,逻辑主语,by,来引,Exercise:,He rides,the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day,.,Exercise:,We call the snowman Mr.Strong.,The snowman is called Mr.Strong.,Exercise:,He bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought yesterday.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,（主语）（宾语）,主动语态：动作的执行者,+,谓语动词的主动形式,+,动作的承受者,被动语态：动作的承受者,+,谓语动词的被动形式,+,动作的执行者,（主语）（宾语）,说明：,（,1,）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。,（,2,）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由,by,引导。,（,3),谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。,主动语态中,，使役动词（,make,let,have,）,感官动词,（,see,hear,watch,feel,notice,）后面跟省略,to,的不定式，变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号,to.,I saw him open the door just now.,刚才我看见他进屋了（主动语态）,He was seen to open the door just now.,补充部分,2.,主动结构表被动意义,open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,drive,等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。,This kind of shirt,sells well,.,The pen writes smoothly.,cost,fit,agree with(,气候，食物等适合于）使用主动表被动。,The book costs me twenty yuan.,3.,系动词没有被动形式,look,sound,taste,smell,feel,等系动词用主动表被动意义。,例：,It smells wonderful.,Mooncakes taste delicious.,3.,在,be worth doing,中,doing,表被动意义。,例：,This book is worth reading.,4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+to be done,例：,My bike needs repairing.,=My bike needs to be repaired.,我的自行车需要修理。,happen,take place,break out,have,belong to.,课堂练习,（一）改写句子,1.We plant trees in spring every year.,_ by us in spring every year.,2.She posted the letter yesterday.,_ by her yesterday.,3.Mr Turner gave me a birthday present.,_a birthday present by Mr Turner.,5.You may hand in your homework tomorrow.,_ by you tomorrow.,6.She is going to write a letter.,_ by her.,Trees are planted,The letter was posted,I was given,Your homework may be handed in,A letter is going to be written,1.If city noises _ from increasing,，,people _ shout,to be heard even at dinner,A,are not kept,；,will have toB,are not kept,；,have C,do not keep,；,will have to D,do not keep,；,have to 2.The fifth generation computers,_and,perfected now.A.developed B.have developed C.are being developed D.will have been developed3.-_ the sports meet might be put off,-Yes,，,it all depends on the weather,A,Ive been told B,Ive told C,Im told D,I told,A,C,A,4.I need one more stamp before my collection _.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 5.Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed,that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut 6.The new bridge _ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed7.When part of a pencil is in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.was broken D.had been broken,D,C,B,C,8.Great changes _ in the city,and a lot of factories _.A.have been taken place;have been set up B.have taken place;have been set upC.have taken place;have set up D.were taken place;were set up9.That suit _ over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is costed D.cost10.-Look!Everything here is under construction.-Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A.is being built B.has been built C.is built D.is building 11.-Do you like the cloth?-Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt,B,D,A,C,12.It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese,A,write B,to write C,to be written D,written 13.I have no more letters _,，,thank you,A,to type B,typing C,to be typed D,typed14.Take care!Dont drop the ink on your shirt,for it _ easily.A.wont wash out B.wont be washed out C.isnt washed out D.isnt washing out15.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because,the lights happened to _.A.be put up B.give in C.be turned on D.go out,B,C,A,D,16.The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A.belongs B.are belonged to C.belongs to D.belong to17.-What do you think of the book?-Oh,excellent.Its worth _ a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read18.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 19.This page needed _ again.A.being checked B.checked C.to check D.to be checked 20._ many times,the boy still didnt know how to do it.,A.Having taught B.Having been taught C.taught D.Teaching,D,C,C,D,B,