九年级英语Grammar——动词的语态湘教版知识精讲.doc

九年级英语Grammar——动词的语态湘教版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Grammar——动词的语态

二. 重点、难点：
（一）语态的概述：
英语的语态（Voice）是通过动词的某种形式表现出来的，用以说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态，如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态（Active Voice），如果主语是动作的承受者，使用被动语态（Passive Voice）。如：
许多人喜欢音乐。Many people like music. （people是动词like“喜欢”的执行者，这句是主动语态。）
Music is liked by many people. 音乐被许多人所喜欢。（music是动词like“喜欢”的承受对象，这句是被动语态。）

（二）被动语态的形式及用法：
1. 形式：
主语（动作执行者） 谓语动词 动作承受者
He（他） broke（打坏） the window.（窗户）
That girl（那个女孩） cleaned（打扫） the floor.（地板）
She（她） bought（买） a book.（一本书）
主语（动作承受者） 被动语态的谓语 by+动作执行者
The window was broken by him.
The floor was cleaned by that girl.
A book was bought by her.
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。其变化规则与be作为系动词时完全一样，其后的实义动词必须为及物动词，或“动词+介词”构成的及物动词短语。
现以及物动词do为例，其各种时态的被动语态的结构形式如下：
态
时
式
形
结
构

助动词be的适当形式+及物动词过去分词

一般现在时
am/is/are+ done
一般过去时
was/were+ done
一般将来时
shall/will/am. is. are. going to+ be+ done
现在进行时
am/is/are+ being+ done
过去进行时
were/was+ being+ done
现在完成时
have/has+ been+ done
含有情态动词的被动语态

例如：一般现在时：
哪种语言在世界上最广泛地被应用？
Which language is spoken by the largest number of people in the world？
一般过去时：
琳达告诉她图书馆里需要一个作家。
Linda told her that a writer was needed at the library.
一般将来时：
足球比赛明天将在我校举行。
The football game will be held tomorrow in our school.
现在进行时：
现在我校正在建一座新的图书馆。
A new library is being built in our school now.
过去进行时：
当我进来的时候，这辆自行车正在房间里被修理。
The bike was being repaired in the room when I came in.
现在完成时：
她的妹妹已经被送去美国深造。
Her sister has been sent to America for further study.

2. 被动语态的用法：
（1）被动语态中，若有必要说明动作的执行者时，则要使用介词“by”来引出，如：
英语被全世界的旅游者和商人使用。
English is used by travelers and business people in the world.
房子被吉姆打扫了。
The house is cleaned by Jim.
（2）被动语态常用于不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者时。
这张桌子是用木头做的。
This desk is made of wood.（不必要知道这张桌子的制造者是谁。）
必须要挖一个大坑。
A big hole must be dug. （“挖”这个动作的承受对象是“大坑”，不必要强调谁挖坑。）
（3）有些动词可以带双宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，称为“保留宾语”，也可以把直接宾语变为主语，在间接宾语前必须增加介词to或for。如：
上个星期她寄给我一封信。She sent me a letter last week.
此句为主动语态，me为间接宾语，a letter为直接宾语，改为被动语态，可以有两种改法。
I was sent a letter last week.
或A letter was sent to me last week.
去年妈妈给我买了一辆新单车。
Last year my mother bought me a new bike.
改为被动语态为Last year I was bought a new bike by my mother. 或Last year a new bike was bought for me by my mother.
（4）主动句中的宾补如果是省略to的不定式时，变成被动句后，改作主语的不定式必须带to，常见的动词有see，hear，feel，find，make，let，notice等。
如：我听见他在隔壁唱歌。
I hear him sing in the next room.
改为被动语态为：He was heard to sing in the next room.
他让那个小孩在外面站了半个小时。
He made that child stand outside for half an hour.
被动语态：The child was made to stand outside for half an hour.
（5）当及物的短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的整体性，不可丢掉其后的介词或副词，常见的短语动词有：look for，look after，take care of，laugh at，cut dawn等。
如：老年人应该受到很好的照顾。
Old people should be looked after very well. （after不可省略）
没有人喜欢在众人面前受到嘲笑。
Nobody likes being laughed at in public. （at不可省略）
（6）请记住本身具有被动意义的动词短语。
be covered with/by… 用/被……覆盖
be interested in… 对……感兴趣
be surprised at… 对……感到惊奇
be made of/ from… 用……制造的
be worried about… 对……担心
be famous as … 作为……而闻名
be famous for … 以……而闻名

【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
一. 选择最佳答案：
1. —When the People’s Republic of China ？
—It on October 1, 1949.
A. is …found, was found B. was…founded, was founded
C. was …found, is found D. did…find, found
2. The bird fly away yesterday.
A. let B. is let to C. was let D. was let to
3. Water into ice and gas too.
A. will changed B. must be change C. should change D. can be changed
4. Where rice , do you know？
A. does…grow B. will…grow C. is… growing D. is…grown
5. The boss said to us：“The work at once.”
A. must do B. should be done C. does D. is do
6. Plays once a month in this theater.
A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on
7. A strange sound last night at eleven o’clock.
A. was heard B. hears C. was sounded D. sounded
8. The Great Wall of China by a great many visitors all over the world every year.
A. are visited B. will be visited C. is visiting D. is visited.
9. A beautiful pencil-box her by her classmates.
A. sent to B. will send to C. was sent to D. will be sent
10. Millions of young trees in a few year’s time.
A. will plant B. are planted C. planted D. will be planted

二. 用括号中动词被动语态的适当形式填空。
1. Both English and French （speak）in that country.
2.The house （paint）next week.
3. The song （like）by us young people.
4. That clock （call）Big Ben.
5. The computer （can use ）in the room.
6. School basketball games often （hold）on Friday evenings.
7. All the photos （take）by my father.
8. His bike （repair）now in the street.
9. this house （buy）last year？
10. Another highway （build）from Beijing to Hong Kong so far.

三. 改错。
（ ）1. Mum often tells me don’t stay up too late.
A B C D
（ ）2. His words at the meeting yesterday made all of us very angrily.
A B C D
（ ）3. She has bought this jacket for nearly ten days.
A B C D
（ ）4. Edison’s father asked him why he wanted a science lab for.
A B C D
（ ）5. I like music that I can dance.
A B C D

四. 完型填空。
Yesterday was my friend Kyra’s birthday. He invited me to his birthday party. Another friend, Guy, had offered to take me to the party by car.
Well, I was getting dressed 1 Guy rang and said he was ill, so I decided to go by train. Unluckily, while I was talking 2 the phone, the cat walked over my clean shirt, so I had to spend a few minutes finding another one and I was 3 leaving.
As I was walking to the station it started snowing and I got very cold. I just 4 a train and I had to wait at the station for half an hour. When the train finally arrived I was frozen！I was so cold and tired that during the journey I 5 and I missed my station.
Well, I got off at the next stop and decided to walk 6 to Kyra’s. I walked for half an hour and then I realized （意识到）I was 7 . Luckily I found a 8 and telephoned for a taxi. When I finally arrived at Kyra’s house it was 9 midnight and people were going home. What a 10 evening！
（ ）1. A. then B. when C. and D. as
（ ）2. A. on B. at C. to D. about
（ ）3. A. ready B. happy C. late D. quick
（ ）4. A. got off B. caught C. got on D. missed
（ ）5. A. enjoyed talking B. fell asleep
C. played cards D. looked out
（ ）6. A. up B. forward C. back D. along
（ ）7. A. tired B. hungry C. sad D. lost
（ ）8. A. phone B. bus stop C. road sign D. taxi
（ ）9. A. even B. nearly C. still D. hardly
（ ）10. A. lovely B. frightening C. terrible D. cold

【试题答案】
一. 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D
二. 1. are spoken 2. will be planted 3. is liked 4. is called 5. can be used 6. are held 7. were taken 8. is being repaired 9. Was bought 10. has been built
三. 1. B not to 2. D angry 3. B had 4. C what 5. D dance to
四. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10.C

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