改版后新目标七年级下册第四单元英语知识点总结.doc

新目标七年级下册英语知识点总结
Unit4 Don’t eat in class!
一、词组、短语
1. 祈使句是指动词原形开头, 表达命令或祈求的句子。 其否定句是在句首加 don’t 构成。
2. arrive 到达,抵达
arrive at + 小地点 arrive at school 到达学校
arrive in + 大地点 arrive in Beijing 到达北京
get to + 地点 get to Beijing 到达北京 get home 到家 get there 到那儿
reach + 地点 reach Beijing 到达北京 reach home 到家
get 、 arrive 后接副词是,介词省略。
3. be late for + 名词 „„迟到
He was late for school. 他上学迟到了。
4. outside (外面 ---- inside(里面
5. dining hall 餐厅,饭厅
6. in /at school 在上学,在求学 in the school 在学校里
7. have to do sth不得不做某事
8. on school nights 上课期间的晚上
9. too many + 可数名词 “ 太多 ” too many books 太多的书
too much + 不可数名词 “ 太多 ” too much homework 太多的家庭作业
10. No smoking! = Don’t smoke! 请勿吸烟!
No food! = Don’t eat food! 禁止吃东西!
No + 名词(短语或动词 -ing 形式,表示 “ 不许,不可,不能 ”
11. later 后来,以后
12. by “在„„ . 以前,到„„为止”
I should finished homework by tomorrow.在明天之前我应该把作业做完。
13. be in bed “睡觉,卧床” in bed “卧病在床” in the bed “在床上”
go to bed “上床睡觉”强调动作
二、重点句型
1.Don’t arrive late for school=Don’t be late for school
2.Don’t fight 3.Don’t listen to music in the classroom.
4.Don’t run in the hallways5.Don’t smoke .It’s bad for your health.
6.Don’t play cards in school7.Don’t talk in class8.Don’t watch TV on school nights.
9.Don’t sleep in class.10.Don’t play sports in the classrooms.
11.Don’t sing songs at night.12.Don’t talk when you eat.
13.Don’t wear hats in class.14.Do homework by 10:00.
15.Clean your house!16.Make the bed.
17.Can we ……? Yes ,we can . No, we can’t.Eg: Can we arrive late for class ?
No, we can’t. We can’t arrive late for class.
18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
三、重点句子
1. Don’t arrive late for class.2. Don’t run in the hallways.3. Don’t eat in the classrooms. 4. Don’t listen to music in the classrooms or the hallways.5. Don’t fight.
6. What are the rules?7. Can we listen to music?
8. Do you have to wear a uniform at school?9. What else do you have to do ?
10. Don’t go out on school night.11. Practice your guitar every day .
12. I have too many rules in my family.
13. I can’t meet my friends after school because I have to do my homeworkl
14. I have to be in bed by ten O’clock.15. I have to help my Mom make dinner.
16. Later , I have to go to the Children’s Palace to learn the piano.
17. I never have any fun, what can I do?
四、重难点精析
祈使句
通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语 you(听话人 通常省略。 其构成通常有以下几种形式。
1Be 型(即系动词原型 be+表语+其他 。 如:Be quiet,please.
否定句 Don’t + be+表语 +其他。 如:Don’t be angry.
2Do 型(即系动词原形+宾语+其他 。如:Open you books,please.
否定句 Don’t +实义动词原形 +宾语 +其他。 如:Don’t eat in the classroom.
3Let 型(即 Let+宾语 +动词原形 +其他如:Let me help you. Let’s go at six o’clock.
否定句一般在宾语后加 not 。如:Let’ not watch TV.
4No+V-ing型(此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中,意为 “ 禁止做某事 “ 如: No smoking! 严禁吸烟! No talking! 不许交谈! No passing! 禁止通行! No parking! 不 许停车
重难点解析:
1. 情态动词 have to 的用法,意思是 " 必须、不得不 " ,它侧重于客观上的必要和外界 的权威。
(1结构:主语+have to+动词原形+其他
(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用 has to
如:在体育课上,我们必须穿运动鞋。
We _____________________sneakers _________ gym class.
汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。
Tom _____________________every day.
(2否定形式:主语+don't have to+动词原形+其他
(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数时,用 doesn't have to.
如:Nick ____________________uniform.
尼克不必穿制服。
(3疑问句:Do (Does +主语+have to +动词原形+其他
如:周末你必须呆在家里吗? Do you ____________________on weekends?
是的,我必须 . 不,我不必 Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
昨晚, 他不得不 11点前上床睡觉吗? Did he____________________ by 11:00 last night? 2. 情态动词 can 的用法
(1表示能力, " 会 "" 能 " (在第一册中已经学习这种用法
Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗? Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中 文。 I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
(2表示允许、许可, " 可以 " 、 " 能 " (在这一课中新学的词义
Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗? We can eat outside. 我 们可以在外面吃东西。 Can I come in? 我能进来吗?
注意 :同样是情态动词, can 和 have to 的用法是有区别的,和大部分情态动词一样, can 在否定句中,直接在 can 后加上 not ,在疑问句中,把 can 放到主语前面,并且没有人称
和数的变化。
3. hear, listen 和 sound 都有 " 听 " 的意思,但三者是有区别的 。
(1 hear" 听说 " ,侧重于 " 听 " 的内容
I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了,我很难过。
I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。
(2 listen" 听 " 侧重于 " 听 " 这一动作。 Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。
The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。
(3 sound" 听起来 " ,它是系动词,后面接形容词等。 That sounds great. 那听起来真不 错。 It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。
4. be in bed "在床上、卧床 "in 和 bed 之间不能用冠词, bed 也不用复数。
He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床 10年了。 Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚 必须很早睡觉。
5.arrive late for 与 be late for 意思相近
" 迟到 "Don't arrive (be late for school. 上学别迟到。 I arrived (was late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。
6.No talking ! "禁止交谈! "
no 后面加上名词或动名词 (doing 也表示不要做某事。 与 don't +do的用法相似。 No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞!
No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物! No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸烟! 7.语法(祈使句
祈使句是用来表示请求、 命令、 叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子,这类句子的主语常是第 二人称 you ,也就是听话者,因而 you 常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。
如:Look out! 小心! Wait here for me! 在这等我!
Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里!
祈使句的否定形式多以 do not(常缩写成 don't 开头,再加上动词原形。
Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。
Don't fight! 别打架!
Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。