新概念英语第2册重要语言点Lesson58-60.doc

新概念英语第2册重要语言点Lesson58~60

新概念英语第2册重要语言点Lesson58
　　重要句型或语法
　　被动语态
　　本课侧重的是be said to do和双宾动词的被动语态的用法。如：
　　Frinley is said to possess a ‘cursed tree’.
　　I was told to wait for him.
　　课文主要语言点
　　The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a ‘cursed tree’. 1)tiny，很小的、极小的。 2)be said to，据说。 3)possess，占有、拥有。其名词为possession，常见的短语用法为in possession of(占有)和in the possession of(被占有)。 4)cursed，被诅咒的。源自curse(诅咒)。
　　Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. 1)mention，提及、说到。注意该词有个常见的短语用法“Don’t mention it!”表示“不客气!”。 2)注意区分the number of(...的数量，后接可数名词复数，但谓语动词用单数)和a number of(许多、大量，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词也用复数)。 3)注意visitor的词尾是-or，不是-er。 4)increase，增加、上涨。
　　The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. 1)plant，种植。相当于grow。 2)注意强调句型“It is/was...that...”该句型可以用来强调除谓语动词以外的大部分句子成分。 3)in recent years，最近。相当于recently。 4)gain a reputation，出名。reputation源自动词repute(认为)。 5)evil，邪恶的。
　　It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. 1)It is said that...，常见句型，表示“据说”。 2)have a bad luck，遭厄运。 3)注意提醒if引导的条件状语从句要采用“主将从现”的用法。 4)pick a leaf，摘叶子。
　　Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. 1)claim，夺走(生命)。该词也可以表示“声称、声明”。 2)victim，受害者、牺牲品。
　　The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. 1)vicar，牧师、神父。 2)have...done，让...被...。have the tree cut down，让人把树砍倒。 3)so far，迄今为止。相当于up to now。 4)refuse，拒绝。其常见的用法是refuse sth./sb.或refuse to do sth.
　　He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. 1)point out，指出。 2)a source of...的来源。 3)useful，有用的。其反义表达为useless。 4)income，收入。 5)tourist，游客。源自动词tour(旅游)。 6)可提问学生为什么come要用现在完成进行时have been coming(因为该句要表达的是游客们从过去到现在一直都来参观这棵被诅咒的树)。 7)all parts of the country，全国各地。 8)to see it，用作目的状语。
　　In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. 1)in spite of，尽管、虽然。相当于despite。如果后接句子，则只能使用despite (the fact that..) 2)that has been said引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词all。all that相当于what，所以原句可改为In spite of what has been said。 3)cut one’s names on，在...上面刻名字。
　　So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death! 1)not one of sb./sth.，没有一个...相当于none of。 2)strike down，击倒;杀死。 3)sudden death，暴毙、猝死。

新概念英语第2册重要语言点Lesson59
　　重要句型或语法
　　复习
　　本课复习第50-58课的重点句型或语法内容，主要有：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时、used to do、被动语态等。如：
　　These things always happen.
　　What happened?
　　What has happened?
　　What has been happening?
　　Pirates would often bury gold in the cave.
　　Frinley is said to possess a ‘cursed tree’.
　　课文主要语言点
　　Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. 1)Rex用作our dog的同位语。此处用逗号前后隔开是为了起强调作用，也可以省略前后的逗号。 2)used to do，过去习惯做某事。注意对比be used to doing(现在习惯做某事)和be used to do(被用来做某事)。 3)front gate，前门。 4)注意and后面只有一个词bark(狗叫)，这与前面的较长的句子成分形成鲜明的长短对比，从而使得bark一词得到了凸显，起到了很好的强调作用，进而把这条狗总是叫的特点表现出来了。
　　Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until somone opened the gate. 1)注意every time引导的时间状语从句，time后面不要加when，而是every time sb./sth. do/does/did sth.。 2)he would bark中的would do表达的是过去的习惯。 3)注意until不一定要跟not连用。
　　As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. 1)注意本句话中的as表示“因为;由于”，引导的是原因状语从句。 2)注意neighbour的拼写，美式拼法为neighbor。 3)complain of，抱怨、投诉。如果要表达向某人抱怨，则用：complain of sth. to sb.。 4)注意spend time doing的用法，表示花时间做某事。 5)train sb./sth. to do，训练某人或某物做某事。 6)press，按、压。 7)let sb. in，放某人进来。
　　Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. become an expert at，变得擅长做某事。相当于become skillful at。
　　However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate. 1)注意句中的when可以替换为while。 2)go out shopping，出门购物。 3)notice sb. somewhere，注意到某人在某处。
　　This time he was barking so that someone would let him out! 1)注意句中的so that引导的是目的状语从句。注意与结果状语从句so...that...的区别——目的状语从句中的谓语动词大多会加上情态动词can/could/would等。 2)let sb. out，让某人出去。
　　Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into hte garden and waits until the gate shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again. 1)注意第二句、第三句和第四句是对第一句中another bad habit的解释说明。 2)develop a habit，养成一个习惯。 3)shut，关闭。相当于close。 4)begin doing，开始做某事。
　　Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since. 1)remove，移除、删除。 2)注意句中的so annoyed后面省略了that，引导的是结果状语从句。 3)annoyed，恼火的。 4)haven’t done...since，从此没有...

新概念英语第2册重要语言点Lesson60
　　重要句型或语法
　　1、将来的表达
　　本课侧重的是条件状语从句和时间状语从句中将来的表达，也就是“主将从现”的用法，即：在时间和条件状语从句中，从句动词会采用一般现在时，但却表将来。如：
　　If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
　　As soon as the rain stops, we will go out.
　　在if条件状语从句中，rains虽然采用的是一般现在时的形式，但却表示的是将来某个时间下雨的动作;在时间状语从句中，stops也是采用了一般现在时，却表示将来雨停了的动作。
　　2、名词作定
　　作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。如表材料的paper money、表用途的meeting room、表时间的evening suit、表地点的kitchen window、表内容的story book、表类别的bus driver。
　　课文主要语言点
　　At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Bellinsky. 1)at a fair，在集市上。fair因为是小地方，所以用介词at;注意对比介词“in+大地方”的用法。 2)fortune-teller，算命人。fortune，命运。 3)called Bellinsky其实是定语从句的省略结构，called前面省略了who was。
　　After I had given her some money, she looked into a crystal ball and said 1)可提问学生为什么句中的give要用过去完成时(因为look已经是过去的动作，而give又是在此之前发生的，是过去的过去)。 2)look into在本句中用的是本义，表示朝里看，但是作为固定短语，look into表示调查。 3)a crystal ball，水晶球。吉普赛人经常用水晶球来做占卜。
　　A relation of yours is coming to see you. She will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days. 1)a relation of yours，你的一个亲戚。这是双重所有格的结构。relation，亲戚，相当于relative。 2)intend to do，打算、意图做某事。注意intend的名词为intention(意图、打算)。
　　The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. 1)the moment(表示“一...就...”)在此引导的是时间状语从句，其后直接跟从句;如果时间背景是现在，则其主从句的谓语动词往往采用“主将从现”的用法。所以，从句中的动词leave用了一般现在时，而get用了一般将来时。 2)get a big surprise，大感惊讶。相当于be greatly surprised，但动作含义更强，所以更具强调效果。
　　A woman you know well will rush towards you. She will speak to you and then she will lead you away from this place. 1)注意句中的you know well其实是定语从句，前面省略了that或who(前面没有介词时，who可以作为宾格来使用)或whom，用来修饰先行词a woman。 2)rush towards，向某人冲过去。 3)lead sb. away from，带领某人离开某地。
　　That is all. 这句话主要用来结束话题。
　　As soon as I went outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me. 1)可复习一下几个表“一...就...”的句型：as soon as、the moment、hardly...when...、no sooner...than...等。 2)forget about sth./sb.，忘了某事或某人。 3)hurry towards sb.，向某人匆匆走过去。
　　Where have you been hiding?’ she asked impatiently. 1)可提问学生为什么hide要采用现在完成进行时的用法(因为句中要表达的是作者从过去到现在一直都躲到哪里去了，是过去的动作，持续到现在)。 2)impatiently，不耐烦地。源自名词patience(耐心)。
　　Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. We are late already. 1)in+一段时间，多长时间以后，表将来。 2)meet sb.，去见某人或接某人。 3)already放到句末起到更大的强调作用。其正常语序应该是：We are already late.
　　As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair. 1)注意对比as/when/while表时间的用法。 2)follow sb.跟随、尾随某人。