情态动词讲解及练习题.doc

情态动词
一． 情态动词基本用法
1.❶ can和could，用在否定句和疑问句中,表示惊讶，用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing?
❷cannot....too/enough 表示“无论...也不过分，越...越好”。
You can’t be too careful while driving?
2.may和might的区别
❶表示许可、可能性、祝愿等意义，might比may更委婉。
A:给别人许可时。-May I play basketball this afternoon？
B:may/might as well+动原，“最好，倒不如”。
❷may作“可以”讲时，疑问句回答用mustn’t/can’t表示禁止。
3. Must的用法
❶表示禁止（用于否定中）
You mustn’t smoke in the bedroom.
❷表示偏执、固执
-Could I have a word with you,mum? -Oh dear,if you must.
❸must的否定回答
A:作必须讲时，疑问否定回答用don’t have to,needn’t
B：推测，一定讲时，回答用can’t.
C:mustn’t表禁止。
--May I use your car? --No, you mustn’t./-Sorry,you’d better not.(委婉)
注意：must强调内在职责，而have to 强调迫于外界压力，不得已而为之。
4 .shall的用法
❶一、三人称征求意见时。请求对方时。Shall we begin our class?
❷二，三人称陈述句中，说话人给对方的命令，警告、允诺或威胁。
You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.
5.will和would的区别
❶自愿主动提出，如：意志、愿望或决心，would 过去，will not表示拒绝。
I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen.
❷will习惯性动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。
Everything he will have a walk along this year.
❸would过去习惯性动作，比used to 正式。
Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after
Class.
❹used to do 过去常，过去一直------只表示过去。
be used to do “用来”/be used to doing习惯于-----可表过、现或将。
6.dare表示敢于 情态：dare do Dare you go home along？
及物：dare to do Do they dare to say what she thinks?
7.need用法 情态：need do
及物 need to do表示主动
need doing 被动 My overcoats needs washing.
8. must一定要,必须，应该（现在时）
have to 客观需要，能用于更多时态（过去或将来） 注意
ought to 表示义务和责任“应该”，比should语气强。
You ought to take care of yourself.
二． 情态动词表推测用法
情态动词
适用场合
对未来和现在推测
对过去的推测(情态动词+完成体)
may/might
肯、否
may/might do
may/might have done
可能做过，本应做而实际未做。
can/could
否、疑
Could 肯
can/could do
can/could have done 本应做而实未做
can’t have done 不肯能做过，语气强烈
should
肯、否、疑
用来表示一种估计的情况，should do
should have done 本应做而未做
shouldn’t have done 不应该做而做了
ought to

ought to do
ought to have done
ought not to have done
need

need do
needn’t have done
本来不必而实际已经发生了
must
肯定句
must do
must have done
一定发生了

1.Sorry,I’m late,I might have turned off the alarm clock and go back again.
2.The accident could have been avoided.
3.You should have told me about it earlier.
4.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.
5.You needn’t have walked so quickly since time was enough.
6.He must have completed his work,otherwise,he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside.

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情态动词练习题
1.(2011全国卷II,8)If you ______ smoke, please go outside.
A. can B. should C. must D. may
2.（2011北京卷,24）——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
——Don’t worry. He ______ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
3.（2011上海春招,27）some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t
4.（2011福建卷,25）——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
——I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting .
A.will B.must C.may D.can
5.（2011安徽卷, 26）——What do you think of store shopping in the future?
——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.
A. will never replace B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced
6(2011浙江卷,11)——How’s your new babysitter?
——We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.
A. should B.might C. mustn‘t D. couldn’t
7.（2011四川卷,20）The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they ______.
A.can B.may C.must D.should
8.（2011重庆卷,25）——Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?
—— I wanted to ,but my mom simply ______ not let me out so late at night.
A. could B. might C. would D. should
9.（2011陕西卷,24）——Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
——OK. You ______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
A. might B. must C. could D. shall
10.（2011湖南卷,28）No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
A. can B. need C. must D. might
11.(2011辽宁卷,21)If you ______ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A. can B. may C. must D. will
12（10安徽32）Jack described his father, who ______ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man
A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been.
13.（10湖南23）You ______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to
14. （10江西23）I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it?
A Must B Can C May D Will
15. （10山东25）I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
16. （10天津9）
Mark ______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
17. （10四川3）— ______ I take the book out? —I'm afraid not.
A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need
18. （10全国Ⅰ29）Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon .
A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. whether
19 （10江苏25）—I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.
A. could B. shall C. must D. may
20. （陕西 23）May I take this book out of the reading room?
No, you ______. You read it in here.
A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
21 （10全国Ⅱ17）I’m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He’s busy.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D .needn’t
22. （10湖北79）It’s said that they have swum to the island from the continent, but they ________（不可能做到）because the ocean in between is too wide. (do)
23（10辽宁26）Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.
A．can B．will C．must D．may
24 （10北京23）---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel
Department.
--Ah, good morning. You ______ be Mrs. Peters.
A. might B. must C. would D. can
Peters了"因此排除A,C.D
25 （10浙江17）“You ______ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.”
A. need B. can
C. must D. would
情态动词答案
1答案 C 解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“如果你非得要抽烟,请到外面去抽.”must (表示主张)一定要,坚持要.根据后一句please go outside的要求,选C.
2答案 D解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“——我真不喜欢James.你为何请了他?——别担心.他可能来不了.他说他的计划还没安排好.”题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来,可能来,因此使用不完全否定might not.选D.
3答案 B 解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界.”mustn’t禁止,不允许；won’t不愿意,就是不,偏不,具有主观性；mightn’t可能不；shouldn’t不应该.根据句意选B.
4答案 B 解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“——需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗?——恐怕你得这样做,以防他开会迟到.”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得.根据后半句,选B
5答案 C 析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“——你对将来的商店购物怎么看?——我个人认为会与在家购物并存,但商店购物不会被取代.”根据I think it will exist along with home shopping,排除虚拟的选项D,这是表示将来的时间,考虑到被动语态,选C.
6答案 D 解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“——你的新保姆怎么样?——找不到更好的了.我们的孩子们很喜欢她.”should应该；might可能,可以；mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不可能.根据句意选D.
7答案 A 解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子,但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切.”can可以,能够；may可能,许可；must必须；should应该.根据句意,选A.
8答案 C 解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“——昨晚你为什么没来参加Simon的聚会?——我想来的,但我妈妈就是不愿我这么晚出来.”could可以,能够,表示可能性或用于婉转语气；might可能,表示不确定；would愿意,偏要,表示意志；should应该,表示建议、命令、决定等.根据题意选C.
9答案 D 解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“——妈妈,可以读一个故事给我听吗?——好的,如果你马上上床睡觉的话.”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等,题中是母亲对儿子的承诺,故选D.
10答案 A 解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明.”can可以,能够；need需要；must必须；might可能.故根据题意,选A.
11答案 C 解析：考查情态动词的用法.句意为“如果你非得走话,至少也要等到这暴风雨过去后.”can可以,能够；may 可能,许可；must(表示主张)一定要,坚持要；will将要,愿意.根据后句的劝告,选C.
12答案：D. 考点：本题考查情态动词推测用法.
解析：句意为“杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人,他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢.”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测.
13答案：D 考点：情态动词 解析：don’t have to 意为“没有必要”,符合语境,句意为：“你没有必要买礼物,但如果你想买的话,你也可以买.”
14答案：A 考点：考察情态动词的用法.
解析： must 必须, 一定 can 可以, 能够 may 也许 will 意愿, 倾向性动作, 前半句说我告诉你事实了, 这里用的是现在完成时, 表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响, 既然我已经说了, 我还必须重复一遍吗?
15答案：A 考点：本题考查情态动词的用法.解析：句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的----它会使我做噩梦的.”表示“本来不应该
做而做了某事”用shouldn’t have done, 所以A项正确.
16答案：A. 考点：考查情态动词.
句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的.这么高速驾驶之后,他早半个小时到达了.
解析：根据后面的语境,提前半个小时到达,说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙,所以用needn’t
have done 结构,表示“本来不必要做某事的而实际上做了”.
17答案：B 考点：考查情态动词.
解析：表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may.
句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗?”“恐怕不行”.故应选表情请求的情态动词may.正确答案为B.
18答案：A 句意：耐心一点儿,你不能期望世界变化如此快.
通过选项此题考察情态动词,can't在否定句中可以表示推测,译为不可能,可以
表示能力,译为不能够,也可以表示命令,不允许,但是语气比mustn't弱,具有劝慰的
意思,根据句意此题中选择A,can't表示劝慰.
19答案：B 解析：shall在第二人称中表示允诺,还可以表示强制,命令,威胁,警告.还有在法律条
文中的要求或规定.
20答案：D 解析：考查情态动词.英语中用could,might表示询问或征求意见的问句中,肯定性应答
要用can或may来代替could或might,而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用
mustn’t,故本题选D.
21答案：A 解析：情态动词考查.结合语境,根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时,要用can’t.
22答案：can’t/ couldn’t have done it 考点：情态动词
解析：当要对过去进行肯定的推测时,要用 “can’t/couldn’t+have+done”的结构
23答案：C 句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要,但是必须是有规律的锻炼.
解析：考查情态动词.Can一般表示“可能,或能力”；will表示“意志”；may表示“许可,可能”；must表示“必须”.
24答案：B 考点:本题考查情态动词在语境中的运用.
解析：第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约,那下面的人就回应说,"那您一定就是Mrs.Peters了"因此排除A,C.D
25答案：C
考点：情态动词