高中必修一直接引语变间接引语详解.doc

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）
一． 直接引语和间接引语的定义。
直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。
He said, “ I’m a student.” （直接引语 ） → He said that he was a student. （间接引语）
主句 从句 主句 从句
二． 当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，
其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.

（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

一随主
引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主句主语的人称保 持一致
He says,” I like math very much .
→ He says that he likes math very much .

二随宾
引号内的第二人称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致
He said to Lily, “ you must get  up early”
→ He told Lily that  she must get up  early

三不用变
引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人 称不变
She said to me , “ They want to help him” 
→ She told me that  they wanted  help him

★（二）．时态变化
 宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）； 客观真理，只用一般现在时。
1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。     
2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成 一般过去时；现在进行时改成 过去进行时； 一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。
3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 
Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
主句的时态
从句的时态
例句
一般现在时
He says
所需的任何时态
He says,” he likes math very much .
→ He says that he likes math very much

一般过去时
He said
直接引语
间接引语

一般现在时
一般过去时
He said, “ he is a student.” →He said that he was a student
现在进行时
过去进行时
He said,“he is reading.”→He said that he was reading
一般将来时
过去将来时
He said,“he will go home”→He said that he would go home
一般过去时
过去完成时
He said，“he went home”→He said that he had gone home
现在完成时
过去完成时
He said，“he has gone home”→He said that he had gone home
过去完成时
过去完成时
He said，“he had gone home”→He said that he had gone home

(三)．时间状语变化

直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
these
that
those

时间状语
now
today
tonight
this week
yesterday
last week
three days ago
tomorrow
next week
then
that day
that night
that week
the day before
the week before
three days before
the next day/ the following day
the next week/ the following week
地点状语
here
there
动词
come
bring
go
take

★(四)．连接词 
  1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。  
  2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。  
  3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。  
  注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他

直接引语
连接词
例句
注意事项

陈述句
that
（常省略）
He said to me, “ you can help her.”
→ He said to me (that) I could help her..
1. 连接词：that
2.引述动词said, said to sb
told sb,等

一般疑问句

if / whether.“是否”
He asked her, “ Do you love me?”
→ He asked her whether she loved him.

1.改为“陈述语序”。
2.引述动词asked
3.去掉Do, Does, Did
改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置

特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词：
what, who,
why,how, which,when
He asked his wife, “How are you?”
→ He asked his wife how she was.
He asked me, “ What color do you like?”
→ He asked me what color I liked.
1.改为“陈述语序”
2.去掉Do, Does, Did
改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置

祈使句
肯定
ask (tell) sb. to do sth
He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”
→ He told Lily to close the door.
1. 不用连接词
2. 不改变时态。
3. 无须考虑语序

否定
ask (tell) sb. not to do sth.
He said to me, “Don’t be late.”
→ He asked me not to be late.

注意：
1. 语序不变的有：What’ the matter with you? What’s wrong with you?
但What’s the trouble with you?的语序要变
1）从句中有or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。
2.只用 whether 2）与不定式to do 连用。例：I can’t decide whether to tell him the news
3) 在介词后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house
用法是有区别的，但当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选whether

★3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。
或 连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。

陈述语序中： be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。
例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (错）
can you tell me where the hospital is.(对）

2）I don’t know whether does he speak Chinese (错）
I don’t know whether he speaks Chinese (对）

3）I am not sure what can he do (错）
I am not sure what he can do (对）