四级词汇分层妙记.doc

高频词汇Unit 1词汇部分(1)
abandon［bndn］
vt.①丢弃；抛弃，遗弃 an abandoned car被抛弃的汽车 ②放弃,中止 abandon a project 放弃一项方案③~oneself(to sth./doing sth.)使放纵；使听任 Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed.那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。
真题例句：Some pessimistic experts see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned.(2002.1阅读2)
译文：一些悲观的专家认为在不久的将来，所有的汽车都会被丢弃。
辨析abandon desert leave
四个单词都有“抛弃”的意思。
①abandon 抛弃，离弃。一般指完全和永久地舍弃某人或某物。可用于褒义，也可以用于贬义。书面语用的多。 The sailors abandoned the burning ship.船员们放弃了着火的船。
②desert遗弃，离弃。指某人或某物无人问津，或在困难时或困境中被人背弃。多用于贬义，有时可引申为“失去”的意思。 All his friends have deserted him when he is in difficulties.在他困难的时候，他所有的朋友都背弃了他。
③leave 舍弃，遗弃。着重“离开”、“遗留下”的意思。 常见用法：～sb./sth.; ～sb./sth.to sb.; ～sb./sth.with sb.;～sth.for sth.常用短语：be left with给留下，被剩下；leave alone 不管；leave aside 搁置；leave behind 留下，遗忘。 Did he leave any message for me? 他有话留给我么？
ability［blt］
n.①能力，本领 to the best of one’s ability尽某人的最大努力 ②才能，才智The acting abilities of both are well-known.两人的表演才能都是众所周知的。
真题例句：The fund-raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.(2009.12阅读2)
译文：筹款能力主要是经验和迫切需要的产物。
able［ebl］
a.①［后接不定式］能够……的，得以……的 be able to do sth.能够做某事 ②有才干的，能力出众的，有能力的 an able lawyer一位能干的律师
真题例句：The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company.(2009.6快速阅读)
译文：代理人能够充分利用其潜力和经验创立公司。
abolish［bl］
vt.彻底废除，废止 Bad customs and laws ought to be abolished.不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。
abrupt［brpt］
a.①突然的，意外的 an abrupt rolling or pitching 突然的摇晃或坠落 ②(举止、言谈等)唐突的，鲁莽的 She was offended by his abrupt manner.他粗率无礼的举止触怒了她。
absorb［bsb］
vt.①吸收 Dry sand absorbs water.干沙吸收水分。②be~in sth./doing sth.吸引……的注意，使全神贯注 The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.老人全神贯注地读这本书。
真题例句：The writer was so absorbed in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.(2005.6词汇47题)
译文：这位作家如此全神贯注地工作以至于都没有注意到他走进了房间。
abstract ［bstrkt］
a.①抽象的 in the abstract抽象地，在理论上 ②抽象派的 abstract art抽象派艺术 n.①摘要，梗概 Harper made an abstract of Prof.Hunter’s lecture.哈珀将亨特教授的讲座做了摘要。vt.①做……的摘要 The author abstracted his book.作者为他的书写了内容提要。②提取，抽取 abstract metal from ore 从矿砂中提取金属
真题例句：I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday.(2008.12听力15题)
译文：我真的很喜欢我们昨天看的那些抽象画。
abuse［bjuz］
n.①滥用，妄用drug abuse 滥用麻醉药品②虐待，伤害child abuse虐待儿童 ③辱骂，毁谤She attacked him with a torrent of abuse.她用连珠炮似的谩骂来攻击他。 vt.①滥用，妄用abuse one’s authority滥用权威 ②虐待，伤害All the children had been physically and emotionally abused.所有的孩子都受到过身体上和精神上的虐待。③辱骂，毁谤You are always abusing and offending people.你总是出言不逊得罪人。
真题例句：Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,” which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursinghome abuse and age discrimination.(2002.1阅读3)
译文：律师可以专攻“老年法”，其中包括从信托和财产到疗养院虐待和年龄歧视等各方面。
高频词汇Unit 1词汇部分(2)
accompany［kmpn］
vt.①陪伴，伴随He wished her to accompany him.他希望她陪他。②为……伴奏The pianist accompanied her singing.钢琴家为她的歌唱伴奏。
accident［ksdnt］
n.①意外遭遇，事故，意外的事car/road accident车祸/交通事故 ②意外，偶然因素,机遇by accident偶然
accelerate［kselret］
v.(使)加快，(使)增速The driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car.司机加大油门,让汽车加速行驶。
真题例句：The word “accentuate”(Line 4,Para.3)most probably means “accelerate”.(2001.1阅读3)
译文：accentuate一词(第三段，第4行)的意思最有可能是“加快”。
access［kses］
n.①通道，入口the only access to the farmhouse到那农舍的唯一入口②接近(或进入、享用)的机会have/get access to a good library 有使用好图书馆的便利条件vt.存取(计算机文件)The files were accessed every day to keep them up to date.文件每日存取, 使之不断更新。
真题例句：…and make sure that there is easy 69 to participation opportunities.(2008.12完形69题)
A.access B.entrance C.chance D.route
译文：并且确保(大家)很容易就能获得参与机会。
解析：答案为A。本题是对介词与名词搭配的考查。access to表示接近某事物的机会；entrance to 表示某物的入口；chance表示机会，一般不和to搭配；route to表示去某地的线路，根据上下文，只有A符合句意要求。
accomplish［kmpl］
vt.达到(目的)，完成(任务)，实现(计划、诺言等)accomplish one’s aim, a task 达到目的、完成任务
真题例句：The project to be accomplished by the end of 2000 will expand the city’s telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(1996.6词汇24题)
译文：将于2000年底完成的该项目使本市的电话网覆盖到一百万用户。
account［kant］
n.①记述，描述，报告a full account of the incident详细叙述事件 ②账，账户,账目keep the accounts记账 ③解释，说明I give a detailed account of his plan.我对他的计划作了详尽的说明。vi.~for①说明……的原因，是……的原因His illness accounts for his absence.他因病缺席。②(在数量、比例方面)占The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company’s revenue.日本市场占据公司收入的35%。
常用短语of no account不重要的
on account of为了……的缘故，因为，由于
on no account绝不，绝对不
take account of/take…into account考虑到，顾及，体谅
真题例句：Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce.(2009.6快速阅读)
译文：戴尔是一位客户主管，他出席了我的关于管理多样化员工的讲习班。
acquaint［kwentnt］
vt.~(sb./oneself with sth.)使认识，使了解，使熟悉I acquainted him with the facts of the case.我让他熟悉了案情。
真题例句：Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now.(2008.12阅读A)
译文：书籍使他们了解了过去和现在的世间的生命，随之通过阅读，他们发现了生命的更深层意义。
acquaintance［kwentns］
n.①相识的人，熟人She has a wide circle of acquaintances她交友甚广。②认识，相识，了解They have some acquaintance with English他们懂一点英语。
真题例句：That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.(2008.12快速阅读)
译文：姐妹之间倒没问题，但是如果是跟朋友或熟人的孩子说的话就会很危险。
高频词汇Unit 1词汇部分(3)
accumulate［kjumjlet］
vt.堆积，积累，积聚accumulate books收藏书籍vi.累积，聚积Dust had accumulated during her absence.她不在时灰尘积了起来。
真题例句：Accumulated energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.(2002.1词汇52题)
译文：地下集聚的能量必须以一种或其他方式释放出来，比如地震。
辨析accumulate assemble gather collect
四个动词意思相近。
①accumulate v.积累，积聚。指有规则地、逐渐地、不断地大量积聚(知识、财物等)。accumulate wealth 积聚财富。
②assemble vt.搜集，调集assemble forces调集兵力；assemble evidence收集证据vi.聚集(人或事为某种共同目的聚集在一起，为特定计划而统一行动等)。
③gather v.搜集;集合,使聚在一起
④collect v.收集, 采集; 领取; 使集合。
accuracy［kjurs］
n.准确(性)，精确(性)predict sth.with great accuracy 极准确地预言某事物
真题例句：They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.(2009.6阅读2)
译文：通过测试从65家理发店收集的200根毛发样本，他们核查了地图的准确性。
accurate［kjurt］
a.①正确无误的accurate statistics准确的统计②准确的，精确的take accurate aim 瞄得准
真题例句：They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.(2009.6阅读2)
译文：他们能够把头发样本准确地放在广泛地区，这些区域大致对应着袭击的行动。
真题例句：The statistical figures in that report are not accurate.You should not refer to them.(2001.1词汇60题)
译文：那份报告里的统计数据不准确。你不应该参考它们。
achieve［tiv］
vt.完成，实现，达到achieve one’s ambition实现抱负vi.成功，达到目的
真题例句：Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic and artistic merit scholarships.(2009.12快速阅读)
译文：基于成绩的援助提供给在某一特定领域取得优异成就的学生，这也就是众所周知的学术和艺术价值奖学金。
achievement［tivmnt］
n.①成就，成绩a great achievement大成就②达到，完成，实现，取得
真题例句：We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship.(2009.12快速阅读)
译文：我们仍然相信会以较高的成就作为回报，并且了解到这些优秀的学生真正地珍惜这个奖学金。
真题例句：Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement.(2008.12选词填空)
译文：想象是一种可贵的品质，是成功的动力。
acknowledge［knld］
vt.①承认，承认……的权威(或主张)a generally acknowledged fact 公认的事实②告知收到，确认I acknowledged her letter at once.我马上告知收到了她的信。③对……表示谢忱，报偿to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd对大众的欢呼表示感谢
真题例句：The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America…(2005.12阅读2)
译文：主管承认他们尝试将全国的饮食习惯转向一种美国制作的食物。
acquire［kwa(r)］
vt.①取得，获得to acquire experience in how to do the work获得了做这工作的经验 ②学到to acquire a large vocabulary学到大量词汇；an acquired taste逐渐培养的爱好
真题例句：Most students attend a university mainly to75the knowledge needed for their chosen profession.(2008.6完形75题)
A acquire B accept C touch D grasp
译文：大多数学生上大学主要是为了获取他所选择的行业所需的知识。
解析：A。根据上下文，此处表达是获取知识的意思，acquire“获得(技能，知识等)”与knowledge 搭配符合句意。
辨析acquire achieve attain
三个动词都有“取得”之意。
①acquire：(经过努力)获得(知识、信息等)。
②achieve：实现目标，取得成功，着重在达到一定目的过程中所包含的技能和努力。
③attain：达到(目的等)，取得(成就等)，一种比较庄重的说法，常用于一般人能力不易达到的目的。
activity［ktvt］
n.①活动，行动outdoor activities户外活动 ②活跃，活力The house has been full of activity all day.房子里整天都很热闹。
真题例句：Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form.(2009.12听力)
译文：火山活动的水和热量是生命形成所必需的两个基本条件。

高频词汇Unit 1精题练习与答案
精题练习
(一)选词填空，完成下面句子。
［A］promote ［B］overflowed ［C］dominate ［D］monitored ［E］increasingly
［F］supervise ［G］adjust ［H］reception ［I］adapt ［J］exception
［K］achieved ［L］application ［M］yet ［N］assist ［O］at
1.With the of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party.
2.We may be able to you in some way if you can not finish your work on time.
3.Even though he has lived in China for many years, Mark still can not himself to the Chinese customs.
4.What we need to learn is how to put theory into when we begin our fieldwork here.
5.Jack London worked very hard and finally he success.
6.This book is expected to the best-seller lists.
7.To prevent flooding in winter the water flowing from the dam is constantly by a computer.
8.If you don’t the children properly, Mr.Chiver, they’ll just run riot.
9.You cannot imagine how I feel with my duties sometimes.
10.Mary became homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her home in west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.
(二)汉译英练习。
1.If you had (听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦).
2.I replied to her that (我将会接受她的邀请).
3.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society， (但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人)can make use of them to achieve purpose.
4.We must (使自己适应)the demands of our times; otherwise we’ll fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.
5.When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor (把此归因于她对未来的信念).
参考答案
(一)
1.［J］ 2.［N］ 3.［I］ 4.［L］5.［K］
6.［C］ 7.［A］ 8.［D］ 9.［F］ 10.［E］
(二)
1.followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now
2.I would accept her invitation
3.but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly
4.adapt ourselves to
5.attributed it to her firm belief in the future

高频词汇Unit 2词汇部分(1)
arrangement［rendmnt］
n.①［常pl.］安排，准备工作 all the travel arrangements旅行的一切安排②整理，排列，布置 the arrangement of the tables安排这些桌子③~(with sb.)to do sth.; ~(with sb.)(about/over sth.) 同意; 约定; 解决Appointments can be made by arrangement with my secretary.约见时间可以与我的秘书商定解决。
真题例句：Researchers recruited 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements.(2009.12阅读A)
译文：研究人员从11个幼儿中心召集 92个家庭，他们的孩子都小于一岁，采访每个人并建立收入、教育水平以及幼儿护理安排。
artificial［ɑtfl;ɑtfl］
a.①人工的，人造的，人为的 artificial flowers假花②假的，矫揉造作的，模拟的 an artificial smile做作的笑容
真题例句：According to Stokoe, sign language is an artificial language?(2004.6听力13题)
译文：根据Stokoe(的观点)，手语是一种人工语言吗？
ashamed［emd］
a.~(of sth./sb./oneself); ~(that…) 惭愧的，羞耻的，害臊的You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你应该为说这些谎话而感到羞耻。He felt too ashamed to ask for help.他不好意思请求帮助。
assert［st］
vt.①肯定地说，断言She asserted her innocence/that she was innocent.她坚称自己很清白(她是无辜的)。②维护，坚持assert one’s authority/independence坚持自己的权威性/独立性
assemble［sembl;sembl］
vi.集合，聚集The students assembled in the school garden.学生们在校园集合。vt.①集合，聚集，召集assemble evidence搜集证据②装配assemble the parts of a watch 装配表的零件
真题例句：Everybody assembled in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.(2000.6词汇44题)
译文：大家聚集在大厅里，秘书在此接待。
assess［ses］
vt.①对……进行估价，确定……的数额 assess the damage at 350 评定损害赔偿金为350英镑②估计、评定某事物的质量 I’d assess your chances as extremely low.我估计你成功的机会极微。<同根词/派生>assessment n.①确定，评定②评价，看法。
真题例句：After a number of different tests and interviews with people who are familiar with the different cameras being assessed, our researchers recommend the Olympic BY model as the best autofocus camera available at the moment.(2005.1听写)
译文：经过多次测试，并且采访了很多对正在评估的不同相机很熟悉的人，我们的研究人员推荐北京奥运会这一款是目前最好的。
辨析access assess
这两个词为一组形近易混词。
①access n. 接近，进入have free access to that swimming pool可以免费地进入游泳池
②assess v. 评估(财产，价值)The annual income of the employees in this company was assessed at＄1000.这个公司的雇员的年收入为1000美元。
assist［sst］
v.&n.~(sb.)in/with sth.; ~(sb.)in doing sth.帮助; 援助; 协助Two men are assisting the police in their enquiries有两个人正在协助警方进行对他们的询问。<同根词/派生>assistance n.帮助，援助I can’t move this piano without assistance.没有人帮忙, 我可挪不动这架钢琴。assistant n.助手，助理，助教a.助理的，辅助的the assistant manager 副经理
真题例句：He asked us to assist them in carrying through their plan.(2004.1词汇41题)
译文：他要求我们协助他们执行其计划。
associate［set,st］
vt.(在思想上)把……联系在一起，使联合problems associated with cancer treatment 与治疗癌症有关的问题vi.~with结交，交往I don’t like you associating with such people.我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。n.伙伴，同事，合伙人one’s business associates 业务合伙人a.副的associate director副主任
真题例句：The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days.(2007.6快速阅读)
译文：最近，有关身份盗窃的案件正在迅速增多。
常用短语associate sb./sth.with sth.把某人/某事与某事联系在一起
be associated(with sb./sth.)与某人/某事有关
高频词汇Unit 2词汇部分(2)
association［ssen］
n.①协会，联盟，社团professional associations专业学会②联合，结合，交往his association with British people他和英国人的来往
真题例句：Alarmed by this state of decay, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association(JAMA)proceeded a comprehensive study of the market in 2006.(2009.6完形)
译文：日本汽车制造商协会(JAMA)对这种衰败状况感到震惊，接着在2006年进行了市场的全面调查。
assume［sjum］
vt.①假定，假设，臆断It is/seems reasonable to assume(that)…假设/似乎……是合理的。②承担，担任，就职assume responsibility承担责任；assume office 就职 ③装作；装出；假装assume ignorance/indifference假装不知情、装作不在乎
真题例句：The reasons why people don’t read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.(2002.6阅读1)
译文：人们为什么不看报纸的原因比预想的要复杂。
真题例句：People assume that office politics involves some manipulative(工于心计的)behavior.(2004.6阅读2)
译文：人们认为办公室政治包括一些工于心计的行为。
assure ［］
vt.①sb.that…;~ sb./oneself(of sth.)明确地或有信心地告诉(某人); 向(某人)保证The dealer had assured me of its quality.经销商已经给我保证了它的质量。②使(某事物)确定; 确保Her success as an actress was now assured.她当演员很成功, 已毋庸置疑了。
真题例句：Its makers say that should assure you wake up feeling refreshed every morning.(2006.6新题型完形69题)
译文：制造商说，它会让你每天早上醒来时感觉神清气爽。
辨析assure ensure
这是一组形近词。
①assure n.使某人相信，向某人保证。搭配为：assure sb.of sth.或assure sb.that，assure safety of the operation 确保手术成功。
②ensure n.保证，确保。常用于ensure that…或ensure sth.(如：success, safety, supplies)句型。
attain［ten］
vt.达到，获得attain a position of power 获得权位<同根词/派生>attainable a.可获得; 可达到的; 可实现的attainment n.① 达到; 到达 ②(usu pl 通常作复数)成就；造诣
真题例句：One must know how to attain happiness.(1998.6阅读3)
译文：一个人必须知道怎样得到幸福。
attack［tk］
v.&n.①攻击，进攻，抨击make an attack on the enemy向敌人进攻；an attack on the Government’s policies 对政府政策的抨击②(疾病等)突然发作；袭击a heart attack 心脏病发作③对某事物奋力着手处理， 动手an allout attack on poverty全力着手解决贫困问题；to attack unemployment解决失业问题
真题例句：In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.(2006.6新题型阅读2)
译文：9·11事件后，这些问题似乎变得前所未有的迫切。
attract［trkt］
vt.吸引，引起……的注意attract sb’s attention/interest引起某人的注意/兴趣
真题例句：The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to attract good students.(2009.12快速阅