英语B级考试语法PPT课件.ppt

Vocabulary&Structure1.被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动）Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被动）许多人学英语。2.B级考试中常考：被动语态一般现在时：be（am,is,are)+过去分词一般过去时：be（was，were）)+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：Will+be+过去分词现在完成时：has/have+been+过去分词情态动词的被动语态：Can/should/must/could/may+be+过去分词不定式的被动语态：Tobe+过去分词3.Historyismadebythepeople.TheEiffelTowerwascompletedin1889.Moresubwaylineswillbebuiltinthefuture.Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3yearsbyusatschool.Musiccanbeeasilydownloadedfromtheinternet.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.4.牛刀小试1.Shedidntreceivedtheapplicationform;it_tothewrongaddress.A.sentB.besentC.wassentD.beingsentB.2.AsfarasImconcerned,Idontlike_inC.thatway.D.A.tobetreatedB.totreatC.treatedD.treatingE.3.Ifeelitsagreathonorforme_tothisparty.F.toinvitedB.inviteC.havinginvitedG.D.tobeinvitedH.4.Thisarticleiswellwrittenbecausespecialattention_tothechoiceofwordsandstylesofwriting.I.hadbeenpaidB.hasbeenpaidC.willbepaidJ.D.willhavepaid.5.1.Thefinaldecision(make)_bytheteamleaderearlynextweek.2.Wecanarrangeforyourcarto(repair)_withinareasonableperiodoftime.3.Allvisitorstothelab(expect)_totakeofftheirshoesbeforetheyenter.4.Wearepleasedtolearnthatthatproblem(solve)_atyesterdaysmeeting.5.Thegoodsthatyouorderedtenyearsagewill(deliver)_toyoutomorrow.6.6.Thispicture(take)_byyoungreporterinBeijinglastmonth.7.Yesterday,thesecretary(give)_thetasktomakearrangementsfortheannualmeeting.8.Thenewmachineoughtto(test)_beforeitisputtouse.9.Ifyousmokeinthisnon-smokingarea,youwill(fine)_$50.7.虚拟语气 subjective mood表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假想和建议等。Weonlywishwecouldhelp.我们但愿能提供帮助。（表愿望）Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.假若没有引力，我们就不能行走。（表假想）Hesuggeststhatweshouldallgotoseethefilm.他建议我们都去看这个电影。（表建议)8.条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反If(we,you,he,they)+If(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）I I（we）shouldyou would you would he wouldhe would +动词原形 they wouldthey would与过去事实相反If(we,you,he,they)+had+If(we,you,he,they)+had+过去分词I I（we）shouldyou would +haveyou would +have he would he would +过去分词 they wouldthey would与将来事实可能相反If(we,you,he,they)+If(we,you,he,they)+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）I I（we）shouldyou would +you would +动词原形he wouldhe would they wouldthey would9.与现在事实相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.假如我是你的话，我就不会要那钱。与过去事实相反Wewouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime.假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访。与将来事实可能相反Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。10.虚拟语气的其他用法用在主语从句，其谓语用should+动词原形（或should+have+过去分词），常用在Itis（was)important(suggested,requested.)that.句型中Itisimportantthatweshould speak politely.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。用在宾语从句，一种是用作动词wish的宾语从句，另一种是谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的that从句“musthavedone”表示对过去已发生的事进行肯定的推测11.三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气英语中，如：advise,ask,demand,desire,decide,insist(坚决要求),order,propose,request,suggest(建议)表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词。如：Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul.党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。12.1.Icantfindthekeytomyoffice,I_havelostitonmywayhome.A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.oughttoB.2.IfI_thatyourbusinesswasgrowingsorapidly,Iwouldnthavebeenworriedaboutit.C.KnowB.knewC.hadknownD.haveknownD.3.IfIhadntattendedanimportantmeetingyesterday,I_toseeyou.E.willhavecomeB.wouldhavecomeC.havecomeF.D.hadcomeG.4.Ifyouhadenoughmoney，what_？H.A.willyoubuyB.wouldyoubuyI.C.wouldyouhaveboughtD.willyouhavebought13.5.Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_，shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeB.1.ThedoctorrecommendedthatMary(start)_thehealthprogramassoonaspossible2.Iftheengineer(come)_hereyesterday,theproblemwouldhavebeensolved.3.Wedemandthatthetourguide(tell)_usimmediatelyaboutanychangeintheschedule.14.非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词ing形式和过去分词。1.To hear your voice is so nice.听到你的声音真高兴。2.Reading books makes one wise.读书使人明智。3.This is a book written by Balzac.这是巴尔扎克写的一本书。15.Itisquitedifficultforme(decide)_whoshouldbegiventhejob.带to的不定式作主语时。常用形式主语it代替，其作表语的形容词有important,easy,difficult,hard,good,bad,right等。Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)_longer.Its+adjforsb.todosth.16.固定搭配1.Noreaderisallowed(take)_anyreferencebookoutofthereading-room.2.Iwant(pointout)_thatadecisionaboutthemattermustbemadeatonce.3.Ifyourcreditisgood,youwillbeallowed(use)_thecreditcard.4.Advancesinmedicaltechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforpeople(live)_longer.17.分词作状语Customersconsiderlocationasthefirstfactorwhen_adecisionaboutbuyingahouse.A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.makingMake和逻辑主语customers之间是主动关系Theytalkedtohimforhours,(try)_topersuadehimtochangehismind.现在分词作目的状语，逻辑主语必须与主句相同。18.1.Wetalkedformorethanthreehourswithout_acupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had2.Before_forthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.A.applyB.applyingC.appliedD.toapplyB.3.Asthepriceofoilkeeps_,peoplehavetopaymorefordrivingacar.C.togoupB.goingupC.goneupD.goupD.4.Locationisthefirstthingcustomersconsiderwhen_tobuyahouse.E.planningB.plannedC.toplanD.havingplannedF.5.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin_thenewproduct.G.A.developB.todevelopingC.developedD.developingH.19.1.ThankyouforyourletterofApril15,(tell)_usaboutMr.JohnBrownsvisittoourcompanyonMay10.2.Wearelookingforwardto(work)_withyouinthefuture.3.Thatnewfilmisworth(see)_forthesecondtime.4.Nowmanyyoungpeoplespendseveralhoursaday(talk)_onamobilephone.5.Ittookmeseveralweekstogetusedto(drive)_ontheleftsideoftheroadinLondon.20.短语的理解1.Thedepartmentmanager_anewplantopromotesalesatthemeeting.A.tookawayB.putforwardC.lookedafterD.goton2.Peterwill_thejobasSaleManagerwhenJohnretires.A.PutawayB.takeoverC.workoutB.D.makeupC.3.Therewasaheavyfogthismorning,sononeoftheplanescould_.D.A.GetthroughB.takeoffC.pulloutD.breakaway21.4.Please_yourreportcarefullybeforeyouhanditintome.A.turntoB.bringaboutC.gooverD.putupB.5._yournameandjobtitle,thebusinesscardshouldalsoincludeyourtelephonenumberandaddress.C.AsfarasB.InadditiontoC.InspiteofD.D.AsaresultofE.6.Ifthemachineshould_,callthisnumberimmediately.F.breakdownB.setoutG.C.putonD.goup22.7.Ifyouwanttojointheclub,youllhaveto_thisformfirst.A.putupB.tryoutC.fillinD.setupB.8.Theyhadtogiveupheplanbecausetheyhad_money.C.comeuptoB.gotalongwithD.C.runoutofD.takenchargeofE.9.Shetoldusbrieflyabouthowtheysucceededin_thenewproduct.F.setupB.breakupC.getupD.turnupG.10.Theworkseemedeasyatfirstbutit_tobequitedifficult.H.A.brokeoutB.turnedoutC.workedoutD.setout23.11.I_theformermanagerwhenIwasonaflighttoBeijing.A.ranintoB.tookawayC.putonB.D.shutdownC.12.Youdbetter_advicebeforemakingaprojectplan.D.putdownB.takeinC.turnoutDaskforE.13.WhiletravelinginFrance,he_someeverydayEnglish.F.gaveupB.pickedupC.drewupD.gotupG.14.Weregoingto_thetaskthatwehaventfinished.H.takeawayB.carryonC.getontoD.keepoffI.15.Time_veryfastandanewyearwillbeginsoon.J.A.takenoffB.goesbyC.pullsupD.getsalong24.连词连词是虚词，起着连接词与词，短语与短语，句子与句子的作用，连词包括并列连词和从属连词。并列连词从属连词25.并列连词表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and,or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybut(also),bothand,aswellas等表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有but,yet等表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有for,so等26.从属连词从属连词是引导从句的连词。1.引导宾语从句的连词1).that连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句2).who,whom,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。3).if/whether连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。2.引导状语从句的连词1).时间状语从句：when,before,after,until,assoonas(主将从现),since.(主句一般用现在完成时）2).条件状语从句：if,unless3).原因状语从句：because4).方式状语从句：than5).结果状语从句：sothat,suchthat6).让步状语从句：though/although7).目的状语从句：sothat27.1._shejoinedthecompanyonlyayearago,shesalreadybeenpromotedtwice.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.IfD.WhenB.2.Ithasbeenquitealongtime_thetwocompaniesestablishedabusinessrelationship.C.AlthoughB.becauseC.ifD.sinceD.3._therainstopsbefore12oclock,wewillhavetocancelthegame.E.AsB.SinceC.WhileD.UnlessF.4.Lisawasbusytakingnotes_MarkwassearchingtheInternetfortheinformation.G.untilB.unlessC.whileD.ifH.5._hislectureisshort,itgivesusaclearpictureofthenewprogram.I.A.IfB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When28.动词（一）MindmentionthanktravelstartwritePreparesendtypevisitshowenjoycostContactsmokeapplyjoincancelturnExpectallowpromisebecomeimprove29.（二）arriveawareuseacceptattendkillsucceedstopintroducediscusspromotePointsolveinvitesaveprovide30.（三）RememberforgetrequirepracticeFailexplaincreatebuildspendsharestayfillsetcommunicateunderstandearndealpushpickenterdecreasedecide31.（四）recommendaffecttreatincreasehelppaybookchooseservedevelopchangefinishdeleteapologizecheckraisecarrybeat32.1.Pleasekeepadetailed_oftheworkthatyouhavedone.A.paperB.ideaC.exerciseD.recordB.2.Softdrinksalesinthiscityhave_by8%comparedwithlastyear.C.pickedB.movedC.increasedD.pushedD.3.Jackcalledtheairlineto_hisflighttoBeijingthismorning.E.improveB.believeC.confirmD.insureF.4.Inhisreportoftheaccidenthe_someimportantdetails.G.A.missedB.wastedC.escapedD.failed33.5.Dont_metohelpyouifyouarenotworkinghard.A.guessB.speakC.planD.expectB.6.Imsorry,butIhaveaquestionto_you.C.treatB.influenceC.askD.changeD.7.Myimpressionoftheserviceinthehotelwasthatithadreally_.E.improvedB.impliedC.importedD.imaginedF.8.Howmuchdoesit_totaketheonlinetrainingcourse?G.costB.giveC.payD.spendH.9.Wehaventenoughroomsforeveryone,sosomeofyouwillhaveto_aroom.I.A.shareB.stayC.spareD.live34.形容词与副词一、形容词的比较级和最高级二、副词的比较级和最高级三、形容词修饰名词四、副词修饰动词、形容词35.1.Ofallthehotelsinthecity,thisoneisthe(good)_.2.Thisquestionis(difficult)_thantheoneIhaveanswered.3.The(last)_modeloftheracingcarwillbeondisplayattheexhibitionthisweek.4.Thefilmturnedouttobe(successful)_thanwehadexpected.5.Itisafactthattraditionalmealsare(healthy)_thanfastfoods.比较级和最高级36.6.Johnisthe(good)_engineerwehaveeverhiredinourdepartment7.Themorecarefulyouare,the(well)_youwillbeabletocompletethework.8.Somepeoplethink(much)_abouttheirrightthanabouttheirduties.9.Gaspricesare(high)_herethaninotherpartsofthecountry.10.Becauselighttravels(fast)_thansound,lightningisseenbeforethunderisheard.37.1.Thenew(nation)_museumwillbeopentothepublicnextweek.2.Althoughsheisyoungforthejob,sheisvery(experience)_.3.Thenewrulesforenvironmentalprotectionhavebeen(wide)_acceptedbythepublic.4.Whata(wonder)_partyitwas!Ienjoyedeveryminuteofit.5.Themanagerhaspromisedthatshewilldealwiththematter(immediate)_.词性转换38.6.Thevisitorswere(disappoint)_tofindthemuseumclosedwhentheyrushedthere.7.InChina,itisquite(nature)_forpeopletogobackhomefortheSpringFestival.8.Whilethisnewlawdoesnot(direct)_affectthequalityofwork,itwillgreatlybenefitemployees.9.(general)_speaking,heisapersonthatyoucantrust.10.Itwillbevery(help)_ifeachmemberpresentshisorherownopinionatthemeeting.39.