2016年5月二级笔译考试真题与答案.doc

2016年5月英语二级笔译真题

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)
Passage 1
Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a farm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodall’s childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, Bournemouth, on England’s southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed.
It’s hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life — rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species — might have unfolded differently had someone not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cook’s, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cook’s office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.”
Within two months of her arrival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey — Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days — and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work.
He believed in a hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africa’s wild animals. One night, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania).
In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly beach at Gombe.
Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools — extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass — drastically and forever altered humanity’s understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural world’s only user of tools.
After two and a half decades of living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.

Passage 2
Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as recently as last summer, a paper published on Monday showed, raising the possibility that the planet could support life.
Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will change scientists’ thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present day microbial life.
The discovery was made when scientists developed a new technique to analyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft.
They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planet’s equatorial region.
The slopes appear during the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but previously had been unable to make the measurements.
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientists believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated.
Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide.
But Ojha and colleagues created a computer program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)
Passage 1
人口问题归根结底是发展问题。人口的急剧增长，社会经济的迅速发展，给资源和环境带来了空前压力。我们要关注人口增长与经济社会发展的关系，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题。
人口流动和家庭结构变化将对公共服务和社会治理带来挑战。大规模的人口流动成为推动社会变迁的主要力量，同时也加快了家庭的小型化、多样化、离散化。
我们要大力推进流动人口基本公共服务均等化，着力提升流动人口服务管理水平，确保流动人口公平公正地享受城镇公共资源和社会福利，全面参与政治、经济、社会和文化生活，实现经济立足、社会接纳、身份认同和文化交融。

Passage 2
本美术馆以收藏、研究、展示中国近现代至当代艺术家作品为重点的国家艺术博物馆，是新中国成立以后的国家文化标志性建筑。主体大楼为仿古阁楼式，黄色琉璃瓦大屋顶，四周廊榭围绕，具有鲜明的民族建筑风格。主楼建筑面积18000多平方米 ，共有17个展览厅，展览总面积8300平方米。
中国美术馆现收藏各类美术作品10万余件，以19世纪末至今中国艺术名家和各时期代表作品为主，兼有部分古代书画和外国艺术作品，同时也包括丰富的民间美术作品。
建馆以来，中国美术馆已举办数千场具有影响的各类美术展览，反映了中国美术繁荣发展的态势，也成为中国与国际艺术交流的重要平台。
中国美术馆也注重通过网站及“数字美术馆”项目建设延展公众服务内容和手段，网站3次改版，建成10多个美术数据库，日益成为美术信息发布、检索与共享平台。

2016年5月英语二级笔译答案

Passage 1
1957年3月，简古多尔已站在伦敦的一个码头上，突然发觉自己的护照不见踪影了。再过几个小时，她该出发，踏上第一次去非洲的旅程。她的一位老同学移居内罗毕郊外的一座农场，知道古多尔自幼梦想与非洲的野生动物为伴，因此邀请她到家中小住。时年22岁的古多尔花了两时时间积攒去肯尼亚的旅费：她当过服务员，做过文秘，还在家乡（英格兰南部海岸伯恩茅斯）的邮局干过临时工。现在看起来，这一切都白费了。
令人不禁感到惊讶的是，虽然她后来的生活轨迹证明对环保工作，对科学以及对我们自身作为物种的认识上都至关重要，若不是有人捡到护照和夹在里面的库克旅行社的行程表，并将其交到旅行社办事处，这一切都将会不可能了。旅行社的一位代表拿着这些材料在码头上找到了她。上个月，她回想起那天发生的事时对我说：“太不可思议了，真是一个惊喜。”
古多尔到了肯尼亚后，不到两个月，就遇见了古生物学家路易斯李基。对当地的白人来说，内罗毕当时就是个小镇。李基在自然史博物馆当馆长。马上就在博物馆给她安排了一个工作。接下来的三年中，他花了很多时间考查她有没有反复做一件工作的能力。
路易斯李基相信达尔文首提的一项假设：人类和黑猩猩是由一个共同祖先进化而来的。他认为，如果仔细观察野外黑猩猩，我们就能进一步了解共同祖先。换言之，他在物色一个人，能和非洲的野生动物一起生活。一天晚上，他对古尔多说，他知道有个地方正好让她做这项工作。贡贝河黑猩猩保护区，地点在英国殖民地坦噶尼喀（即今坦桑尼亚）
1960年7月，古尔多先乘船，然后乘摩托快艇在坦噶尼喀温暖的水面上航行数小时后，来到贡贝，在布满鹅卵石的湖岸上下了船。（2分）
1964年，她的研究成果在《自然》杂志上发表，该成果证明黑猩猩会使用工具，用草叶把白蚁堆里的白蚁掏出来。这彻底改变了人类对自身的认识：人类不再是大自然中唯一会使用工具的物种。

古尔多用25年实现了自己儿时梦想后，突然改行，不当科学家，而当了一名环保工作者。

Passage 2
科学家已发现首个证据，表明夏季火星表面可能有卤水流动。非常重要的是确认火星表面有水。这将引发一系列问题，其中最主要的问题是：水从哪里来，它对发现过去和现在的生命迹象意味着什么？
他们发现了能够证明生命痕迹的盐指纹。只有遍布火星赤道地区的悬崖峭壁上的狭窄沟槽内存在水，盐指纹才能形成。温暖夏季，火星上出现坡地，一旦降温，坡地便消失。科学家们怀疑，火星上的这些沟槽是水流冲刷而成，但以前一直无法测量这些沟槽。
水里含盐很重要。否则，当火星温度降到刺骨寒冷时，水就会冻结。水可能源自表层冰，也可能是盐从稀薄的火星大气层里吸取的水分，或者可能是由含水层的冒泡形成。
水的发现很重要，这会影响到人们对于太阳系中最像地球的火星是否能够为今天微生物提供生命支持的思考。
火星侦察轨道在火星最热时进行测量，因此，科学家们曾认为，即使有水痕或有水合矿物指纹，都可能蒸发了。而且，轨道航天器上的化学传感器不能拍摄小沟槽，它们通常不到16英尺宽。
但是，科学家开发了一个电脑程序，可以仔细观测单个像素。然后，将这些数据与高分辨率图像上的沟槽进行对比分析，科学家集中观察最宽沟槽，结果沟槽的地理位置与检测到的地理位置与检测到的水合盐完全匹配。
随后，美国国家航空航天局发表新闻公告，宣布“火星秘密已经揭开”，但却丝毫没有透露所谓“秘密”。奥基哈说：“美国国家航空航天局的公告有点言过其实了。”“还有太多的谜团尚待解开。”
不管水从哪里来，液态水前景如何，哪怕是季节性的，水的发现还是展现了诱人的前景，即：火星可能为生命提供保障。但是，科学家们还需要获得更多有关水的化学信息后，才能对此进行评估。

美国国家航空航天局在轨的火星探测器“好奇号”已发现证据，证明在过去的某个时间点，火星曾具有适合微生物生命存在的所有物质和适宜环境。

汉译英
Passage 1
In the final analysis, the population issue is an issue of development. We should pay great attention to the relationship between the change in population and sustainable development, and give full consideration to the relationship between the quantity, quality, structure and distribution of the population. Inparticular, we should focus on the impact of the change in the population structure on economic and social development, incorporate the population issue in to the national plan for economic and social development and make sure that population growth is in keeping with the economic and social development as well as resources and the environment.
Massive population migration has become an important force driving social transformation and economic development, but it has also made families smaller and more diversified, and members of many live in separation. Population migration and change in family structure pose a challenge to public services and social governance. we should make great efforts to ensure equal access to basic public services among the migrant people and help them get equal opportunities to live and develop in cities and towns,letting them enjoy public resources and social welfare services and participate in political, economic, social and cultural activities on an equal footing,become independent economically, gain due social identity and achieve cultural integration.

Passage 2
The National Art Museum of China (NAMOC) is a national art museum dedicated to collection, research and exhibitions of modern and contemporary artistic works in China. NAMOC is a national cultural landmark after founding of New China. The main building, roofed with yellow glazed tiles and surrounded by corridors and pavilions, features the styles of ancient Chinese attics and traditional architecture. The building, with 17 exhibition halls covers an area of more than 18,000 square meters. It boasts an exhibition area of 8,300 square meters.
The museum houses more than 100,000 pieces of various collections, most of which are representative works of different periods and great art works of Chinese art masters from the end of the 19th century till today, constituting art development history since the beginning of modern China. Collections also include some ancient paintings and calligraphy works, foreign artistic works as well
Since its establishment, the museum has held thousands of various influential exhibitions to become an important platform of artistic exchange between China and the world.
NAMOC focuses on expanding public service contents and means through its website and “digital museum” project. The museum has upgraded its official website for 3 times and set up over 10 art databases, which have become a platform of releasing,searching and sharing art information.