山东省泰安市肥城第一高级中学2020年高一英语测试题含解析.docx

山东省泰安市肥城第一高级中学2020年高一英语测试题含解析
一、 选择题
1. --- I' m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have ________ .
---So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
A. divided up              B. broken down                      C. broken up             D. taken up
参考答案：
C
2. Don’t ______ me in your quarrel. I have nothing to do with it.
A. involve            B. touch         C. contain                     D. introduce
参考答案：
A
3. They walked together as far as the second crossing ________they parted.
A. when    B. which   C. why    D. where
参考答案：
D
4. To be honest, this restaurant isn’t _________ that one we went to the other day.
  A. half as good as   B. as half good as     C. as good as half     D. good as half as
参考答案：
A
略
5. -----Bob failed in the exam again.
-----He _____ it; he never worked hard.
A. deserved B. knew     C. considered  D. missed
参考答案：
A
6. Linda went to a party with a girl, _____ favorite hobby is collecting stamps.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
参考答案：
C
7. The time he has devoted in the past years _______ the homeless is now considered _________ of great value.
A. to help; being   B. to helping; to be C. to help; to be D. helping; being
参考答案：
B
【考点】考察固定搭配
本题中考察了两个固定搭配：devote some time to sth/doing sth致力于某事，花费时间做某事；consider sb to be/as/…认为…是…；其中的to be可以省略。本句第一空是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the time，其中的to是介词，后面要接动名词形式。第二空是一个被动语态的形式be considered to be/as….被认为是…；句意：在过去的几年里他花在帮助那些无家可归的人身上的时间被认为是非常有价值的。根据句意说明B正确。
8. — I think Lucy would like to come to the party with me next week.
—She        . She is going to visit her parents in Canada.
A. can’t          B. mustn’t    C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
参考答案：
A
9. --- How about the number of students ______ the lecture?  
--- __________.
A. absent from, Many  B. absent at, Little                 C. present from, Most  D. present at, Small
参考答案：
D
10. If you want to catch the first bus, you’d better ________ for the bus station immediately.
A. set up     B. set about      C. set down     D. set off
参考答案：
D
略
11. It’s important to give her an emergency phone number ______ the children get hurt or sick.
A. in case            B. unless        C. even though                D. as long as
参考答案：
A
12. She dreamed ____ an online bookshop and now her dream is finally realized.
A. opening     B. to open     C. of opening   D. to opening
参考答案：
C
试题分析：考查固定搭配。dream of doing sth.梦想着做某事。故选C。
13. He was asked to wait and then shown into a room ______ a police officer prepared to take a statement from him.
A. which B. that C. where D. into which
参考答案：
C
14. —What is your plan for the holiday, Paul?
   —I’ll go on a trip to Jiangxi Province with my family.
   —______!
   A. Have a nice time       B. Come back soon      C. Congratulations      D. Good luck
参考答案：

15. It’s too bad that my computer has got a new virus. If only I _____ that programme!
  A. didn’t run B. hadn’t run C. haven’t run D. wouldn’t run
参考答案：
B
16. I really don’t understand _____ her like that.                         
   A. you treat       B. you to treat    C. why treat       D. you treating
参考答案：
D
略
17. —It seems that John is well prepared for the examination.
—He is quite ________that he will pass it.
A．humorous                                           B．popular
C．painful                                               D．confident
参考答案：
D
略
18. ---Our teacher is in hospital.
--Oh, really? I ______.  ______ visit her.
A. didn’t  know ,  I’ll go and                                 B. don’t know, I’ll go and
 C. didn’t  know,  I’m going to                             D. haven’t know, I’m going to
参考答案：
A
二、 短文改错
19. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
         2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Though great progress has made in science these years, there are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school because they have not enough money to send their children to there. Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now? The answer lies on the population explosion. A president of a developing country once said; "It is us who are to blame for the poverty because we used to 'produce' child without limit." Although this few words sound simple enough, they have clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion.
参考答案：
1. has made----has been made   
2. lives---living   
3. thing---things    
4. 去第二个to   
5. you前加do   
6. on--in   
7. us--we
8. child---children   
9. this---these  
10. clear---clearly

【名师点睛】
在完成
一、查时态是否一致 
时态错误几乎是每年NMET短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一 个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。 
例如：Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.（NMET' 93）is应改为was， 使之与时间状语n the past一致。 
二、查主谓是否一致 
在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时， 还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否 与主语保持了一致。例如： 
1.Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.（NMET' 94） 
cost应改为costs，因其主语是it（为形式主语），且上下文均为一般现在时。
 2.The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class?（NMET'93）
由or 连接的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数形式，故become应改为becomes。 主谓语一致的情况较为复杂，考生平时学习要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题 很容易被忽视，如倒装句、关系代词在定语从句中做主语的情况等，答题时要高度重视。 
三、查指代是否一致 
对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其 数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致，包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑 问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。例如： 
1.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe? （NMET'92）
根据上下文，句中的They属指代不一致，应改为We。
 2.The game speaks for themselves.（MET'90）
句中的反身代词themselves 应改为单数itself，因为指代的是单数主语the game。 
四、查平行结构是否平行一致 
由and，or，but，either?or?，neither?nor?，not only ?but also?，as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行，这也是常设的错误。
例如：Modern people know?，have better food， and to live in cleaner surroundings.（NMET'93）
应将to live前的to删掉，因为and连接的是know，have .live 三个并列平行的谓语动词，其时态和形式必须一致。 
五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致  
名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。 
例如： 
1.?They have been to Europe many time.（NMET'92）
time（次）显然与修饰语many不一致，应改为times。 
2.（They）? asked me lots of question.（NMET'96）
question是可数名词，其修饰词是 lots of，当然应该用复数questions。
 六、查行文逻辑是否一致 
查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑， 以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。 
逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词（如come与go，take与bring）的误用所造成的，应多从这方面去查找。
20. 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误只涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词，每句中最多有两处错误；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11出）不计分。
Last Sunday Mr. White and his wife went to see a film. They arrived home very lately . Mr. White unlocked the front door and they all went into the house. It was very dark so Mrs. White turned on the light. On the way upstairs Mrs. White spoke in a low voice , “Listen! I can hear someone talk in the living room.” They all went downstairs again and stood quiet outside the living room door. “You are right,” Mr. White said.“ There are two man there. They are talking.” Then he call out loudly, “Who is there?” And no one answered. Mr. White opened the door quickly and turned on the light. The room was empty. When they saw radio ,they laughed. The radio was still on! It should have turned off this morning when we left .
参考答案：
Last Sunday Mr. White and his wife went to see a film. They arrived home very lately . Mr. White
                                                               late
unlocked the front door and they all went into the house. It was very dark so Mrs. White turned
                           both
on the light. On the way upstairs Mrs. White spoke in a low voice , “Listen! I can hear someone talk in the living room.” They all went downstairs again and stood quiet outside the living room
talking                                              quietly  
door. “You are right,” Mr. White said.“ There are two man there. They are talking.” Then he call
                                           men                        called
out loudly, “Who is there?” And no one answered. Mr. White opened the door quickly and turned
                      But
on the light. The room was empty. When they saw ∧radio ,they laughed. The radio was still on!
                                          the
It should have ∧turned off this morning when we left .
been                    they

【学法指导】
在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类：
1. 名词单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。如第5个错误中的man。
2. 动词：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；需要接ing形式的接了to，或相反等。
3. 形容词副词：常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反；关系副词where， when， why等的缺失或错用。
4. 介词：主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。
5. 主谓一致性：第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
6. 冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the。如第8个错误缺少the。
7. 数词：主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用。
8. 连词：不合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词（如but）的时候用了承接连词（so），或相反等等。如第7个错误and，but误用。
9. 代词：主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反，关系代词的错用或缺失。
10. 常用固定短语或固定用法及句型用错。
三、 阅读理解
21. Differences inside our bodies
Did you know that people who live in different parts of China have different habits and preferences?
For example, people from southern China prefer to eat vegetables, while people from north China like to eat meat. But what causes these differences?
According to a new study published in the journal Cell in October, gene variations might be responsible for these differences, Xinhua reported.
In the study, researchers from Chinese genome-sequencing (基因组测序) firm BGI collected genetic information from 141,431 Chinese women. The women came from 31 provinces and comprised 36 ethnic minority groups.
The researchers found that there are six gene frequencies that are different among people from both northern and southern China. They found that natural selection has played an important role in the ways that people living in different regions of China have evolved, affecting their food preferences, immunities to illness and physical traits, the New York Times reported.
The researchers reported that a variation of the gene FADS2 is more commonly found in northern people than it is in southern people. It helps people metabolize (新陈代谢) fatty acids (脂肪酸), which suggests a diet that is rich in meat. According to Xinhua, this is due to climate differences. Northern China is at a higher latitude, which means it’s cold and dry throughout the whole year. This weather is difficult to grow vegetables in. Therefore, northerners tend to eat more meat.
The study also found differences in the immune systems of both groups. Most people in southern China carry the gene CR1, which protects against malaria. This is because malaria was once quite common in southern China. In order to survive, the genes of people in the south evolved to fight against this disease. However, people in the south are also more vulnerable to certain blood-borne illnesses, as they lack the genes to stop them.
Genes can also cause physical differences between northerners and southerners. Most northerners have the ABCC11 gene, which causes dry earwax (耳屎), less body odor and fewer sweat secretions (分泌), The New York Times reported. These physical differences are also more beneficial to living in cold environments. Southerners are less likely to have this gene, as it did not evolve in their population.
33. What’s this passage mainly about?
A. A study of the genes of Chinese minority groups.
B. Habits of people from different regions of China.
C. Differences in the genes of people from different parts of China.
D. Physical differences between northerners and southerners.
34. A variation of the gene FADS2 can help our body ________.
A. store fat B. digest meat
C. fight disease D. control sweat
35. The underlined word “comprised” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. consisted of B. compared to
C. completed D. started with
36. According to the passage, most northerners in China ________.
a. tend to have less disease like malaria
b. have less body odor
c. catch blood-borne illnesses easily
d. sweat less frequently
A. ab B. bc
C. bd D. cd
参考答案：
33. C    34. B    35. A    36. C
这是一篇说明文。中国的南北方人在生活方式、饮食习惯等方面都有着明显的差异，而最近科学家们发现，这些差异或许与南北方人不同的基因有关。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段According to a new study published in the journal Cell in October, gene variations might be responsible for these differences, Xinhua reported.可知，基因变异或许是导致这些差异的原因，故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。第六段第二句It helps people metabolize (新陈代谢) fatty acids (脂肪酸), which suggests a diet that is rich in meat.可知，FADS2基因能帮助人们代谢脂肪酸，也就是帮助消化肉类。故选B。
【35题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句The women came from 31 provinces and comprised 36 ethnic minority groups.可知，这些妇女来自31个省，由36个少数民族组成，因此猜测comprised意“由……组成，包含”，故A选项贴近。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，大多数北方人拥有ABCC11基因，结果表现为干性耳垢、体味较小、汗水分泌较少。而南方人不太可能有这种基因，故b、d内容正确。根据倒数第二段内容Most people in southern China carry the gene CR1, which protects against malaria. 和However, people in the south are also more vulnerable to certain blood-borne illnesses可知，在中国南方的大多数人携带CR1基因，这种基因可以预防疟疾。南方人也更容易感染某些血源性疾病，故a和c错误。故选 C正确。
22. It’s obviously true that not all people like to work, but everyone likes to play. All over the world, men and women, young and old, enjoy recreational activities. So, beyond doubt, entertainment plays an important role in our daily lives. In modern society, there is a broad range of recreational activities—from online computer games to lovely picnics—that meet the needs of different groups of people. Therefore, it won’t be difficult for you to find some recreation to refresh your body and mind.
Recreational activities have a number of benefits, especially in this highly competitive society. They can help us relax, have fun and relieve stress. In fact, I believe there is no better way to get exercise and relieve stress than to take an active part in recreational activities. But can recreational activities do us harm? Of course they can. Let’s take TV as an example. There is no denying that TV offers access to the latest news and to useful knowledge, while providing us with entertainment. However, if we spend too much time watching TV, it will numb our mind and destroy our creativity, which is exactly the opposite of what we really want. What’s more, TV can also show some pornographic programs, which are ly unsuitable for us young students. So, just as the old saying goes, every coin has two sides, and watching TV is no exception.
As a student, I think recreational activities are very important for us. But this doesn’t mean we should take up whatever recreational activities are available. Instead, we should strike a balance between work and rest. We should have our own judgment, which means knowing what is good for us and what is not. And we should exercise self-control so as not to become addicted to them. I believe moderate recreational activity will benefit us in many ways and help us live a full, meaningful life.
64. Why does entertainment play an important role in people’s daily lives?
A. Because online computer games are popular with people.
B. Because entertainment can help people have fun instead of relieving stress.
C. Because people of all ages enjoy recreational activities.
D. Because it is easy an