高中英语课堂生态现状研究-学位论文.pdf

鲁东大学硕士学位论文高中英语课堂生态现状研究学位类别：教育硕士专业领域：学科教学（英语）AcknowledgementsThe completion of this dissertation is owing to the contribution and efforts of several people to whom I owe a great deal of gratitude and appreciation.It is a great honor to express my gratitude to these people.Without their help,there would be no this present study.Firstly,Id like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor,Lecturer Zhou Qiang.I benefited a lot from her profound knowledge,careful tutoring and insightful comments.S he spent much time in giving me some useful suggestions for this present study when I finished my writing.Only with her encouragement,patience and valuable advice can I complete this dissertation.S econdly,Im also grateful to Professor Lv Jun,Professor S u Yong,Professor Li Jieping,Professor Jia Zhengchuan,Associate Professor Zhang Fachun as well as Associate Professor Jiang Qingyan,and other teachers in Yantai No.3 senior high school who gave me generous instructions and warm-hearted help on the overview of the study.Thirdly,Id like to express my sincere thanks to my roommates and friends around me who give great encouragement and academic help to me during the preparation and the writing of this dissertation.At last,I genuinely offer my acknowledgment to them.AbstractEducational ecology,as the mutual permeate of ecology and pedagogy,is an interdisciplinary subject which originated in the 1960s and 1970s.Its subject function is to research and solve educational problems by exploiting ecological principles and methods.In recent years,classroom ecology,as a microcosmic level,has attached more and more attention from scholars.However,under the circumstance of multimedia information technology,the research on English classroom ecology of senior high schools is insufficient.Therefore,the present study attempts to research the current situation of English classroom ecology since information technology has been transplanted into English classroom in senior high schools.Based on the investigation of the underlying causes have been analyzed in this study.Finally,the practical path for optimizing English classroom ecology in senior high schools has been proposed from four aspects of students,teachers,teaching and evaluation.200 students and 3 English teachers are selected as participants in Grade One of Yantai NO.3 senior high school in this present study.By combination of qualitative and quantitative methods,the study has investigated the current situation of English classroom ecology in senior high schools from the perspective of educational ecology.Research questions are designed as follows:(1)From the perspective of educational ecology,whafs the current situation of English classroom ecosystem in senior high schools since information technology have been transplanted?(2)What are the underlying causes for the current situation of English classroom ecosystem in senior high schools?(3)What are the countermeasures to optimize English classroom ecosystem of senior high schools?The following findings have been achieved:(1)From the perspective of educational ecology,the classroom ecology of senior high schools and several English teaching factors have changed,including teaching pattern,teaching methods,teaching materials,teaching assessment and teacher-student relationship since information itechnology have been transplanted.Whafs more,these changes have given rise to ecological imbalance.(2)Having investigated and interviewed students and English teachers,the researcher found that major causes leading to ecological imbalance in senior high English classroom are the violation of the law of tolerance and optimum principle,the fossilization of English ecological chain,the mismatching of ecological links,the negligence of the principle of diversification,the chaotic of ecological niche of senior high English teaching factors,etc.(3)Based on the above-mentioned analysis,the measures to optimize English classroom ecology have been proposed:to establish the student-oriented conception;to attach importance to the ecological development of teachers;to enrich teaching resources and to put more emphasis on creating English teaching situation;to explore an ecological evaluation system rather than one-pattern evaluation.Key words:English in senior high schools;information technology;classroom ecology11摘要教育生态学是生态学和教育学相互渗透的结果，起源于二十世纪六七十年代,其主要功能是运用生态学的原理和方法研究与解决教育领域的问题。近年来，课 堂生态作为教育生态学的一个微观层面成为学者们关注的焦点，但在多媒体信息 技术大环境下，对高中英语课堂生态的研究较少。因此，本研究旨在对信息技术 进入课堂后的高中英语课堂生态现状进行研究，并对造成该现状的深层次原因予 以分析，最后从学生、教师、教学及评价体系四个方面提出了优化高中英语课堂 生态的现实路径。本研究尝试从教育生态学视角出发，以烟台市第三中学200名高一学生和3 名英语教师为研究对象，采用定量与定性的研究方法，通过问卷调查、访谈及课 堂观察的方法对高中英语课堂生态现状进行调查。研究问题如下：（1）基于教育 生态学视角，信息技术进入高中英语课堂后，高中英语课堂生态现状是怎样的？（2）造成高中英语课堂生态现状的原因有哪些？（3）如何优化高中英语课堂生 态系统，促进高中英语课堂生态可持续发展？研究表明：（1）基于教育生态学视角下，信息技术进入高中英语课堂后，生 态环境及高中英语教学因子（教学模式、教学方法、教学内容、教学评价、师生 关系）发生了一些变化，且存在生态失衡现象。（2）通过学生问卷及教师访谈，发现造成高中英语课堂生态失衡的主要原因有：违背了耐度和最适度定律；高中 英语生态链条僵化；生态环节不匹配，忽视多元化原则；高中英语教学生态因子 的生态位混乱等。（3）基于以上分析，本文得到以下优化启示：树立以学生为本 的思想理念；注重教师的生态化发展；丰富教学资源，注重英语教学情境的创设;转变单一的评价方式，探索生态化评价体系。关键词：高中英语；信息技术；课堂生态inContentsAbstract.i摘要.iiiContents.IList of Tables.IVChapter On e Introduction.11.1 Background of the S tudy.11.2 S ignificance of the S tudy.31.3 Purpose of the S tudy.51.4 Layout of the S tudy.6Chapter Tw o Literature Review.72.1 Concept Definition.72.1.1 Educational Ecology.72.1.2 Classroom Ecology.82.1.3 Ecological Approach of English Language Teaching.92.2 Theoretical Basis.112.2.1 Niche Theory.112.2.2 Law of Limiting Factors.122.2.3 Law of Tolerance and Optimum Principles.132.2.4 Flowerpots Effect.132.2.5 Population Effect.142.3 Related S tudies on English Classroom Ecology at Home and Abroad.152.3.1 Related S tudies on English Classroom Ecology Abroad.152.3.2 Related S tudies on English Classroom Ecology at Home.17Chapter Th ree Methodology.213.1 Research Questions.213.2 Participants.21I3.3 Instruments.223.3.1 Questionnaire.223.3.2 Classroom Observation.233.3.3 Interview.233.4 Data Collection.243.5 Data Analysis.24Chapter Fo ur Results and Discussion.254.1 Current S ituation of English Classroom Ecology in S enior High S chools.254.1.1 Ecological Environment.254.1.2 Teaching Pattern.314.1.3 Teaching Methods.354.1.4 Teaching Materials.394.1.5 Teaching Assessment.424.1.6 Teacher-S tudent Relationship.454.2 Analysis of the Current S ituation of English Classroom Ecology in S enior HighS chools.484.2.1 Imbalance of Ecological Environment and Violation of the Law ofTolerance.484.2.2 Fossilization of English Ecological Chain in S enior High S chools.504.2.3 Mismatching of the Ecological Links and Negligence of the Principle ofDiversification.514.2.4 Chaotic of Ecological Niche of S enior High English Teaching Factors.524.3 Countermeasures for English Classroom Ecology in S enior High S chools.544.3.1 Establishing the S tudent-oriented Conception.544.3.2 Attaching Importance to the Ecological Development of Teachers.554.3.3 Enriching Teaching Resources and Focusing on the Creation of EnglishTeaching S ituation.574.3.4 Exploring an Ecological Evaluation S ystem.57Chapter Fi ve Conclusion.59II5.1 Major Findings.595.2 Implications of the S tudy.625.3 Limitations of the S tudy.645.4 S uggestions for Further S tudies.64References.66Appendix On e Questionnaire(For students).70Appendix Tw o Interview Outline(For teachers).73About the Author.74IIIList of TablesTable 4.1 S chool Environment.27Table 4.2 Comparison of Relationship Between S tudents and Teachers.29Table 4.3 More Extracurricular English Activities in S chool.31Table 4.4 Relationship Between Interaction Frequency and Teaching Ways.35Table 4.5 Classroom Observation on Teaching Activities.37Table 4.6 Relationship Among Teaching Materials,Attitudes on English Textbooks andOnline Learning S ystem in English Classroom.41Table 4.7 S tudents Assessment.45IV鲁东大学硕士学位论文Chapter One Introduction1.1 Background of the StudyThe relevant policies and the current situation of English classroom teaching in senior high schools are elaborated in this section.Four aspects can account for the relevant policies.Firstly,ordinary high school education is an important part of basic education in China.Under the background of college entrance examination in China,the status of high school education in the educational system cannot be ignored.Nowadays,international exchanges and cooperation have become more and more frequent among countries.As one of the most widely used languages in the world,English plays an important part in international communication.Meanwhile,English is an indispensable subject in high school education in China.The reformation and development of English education are highly valued by our country.Under this circumstance,the cultivation of foreign language talents has also been put forward by our country.S econdly,English Curriculum Standard for Senior High Schools(Ministry of Education of the peoples Republic of China 2017)pointed out that English curriculum for ordinary senior high schools is a basic cultural curriculum for carrying out the educational policy of Communist Party of China in an all-round way,fulfilling the fundamental task of cultivating people with moral integrity,developing the core quality of English subject,and training socialist builders and successors.Thereupon,as a basic cultural subject,English scores are closely related to the scores of the college entrance examination,correspondingly,the quality of English teaching in senior high schools has drawn much attention from school,society and our parents.Thirdly,The Guidelines of the National Program for Medium and Long Term Educational Reform and Development(2010-2020),issued by the Central Peoples Government of the Peoples Republic of China,mentioned that we 1高中英语课堂生态现状研究should enhance the international status,influence and competitiveness of our education to adapt to the national economy and the requirements of opening up to the outside world,and train a large number of internationalized talents with world-wide visions and be able to participate in international affairs and competitions.Last but not the least,with the rapid development of the information,the popularization of digital literacy in the education field has gradually been put on the agenda(Xu Duo 2017).The pace of knowledge renewal is quickened,and the scope of information technology in Chinas education field is further expanded.As a result,the informatization society put forward higher requirements fbr contemporary Chinese students.Looi,C.K.(2000)indicated that the internet provided medium support for the ecological environment of learning.At the same time,English Curriculum Standard for Senior High Schools(Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China 2017)indicated that high school English curriculum should attach importance to the reformation of teaching and learning pattern under the circumstance of new information technology,make full use of information technology and promote the deep integration of information technology and curriculum teaching.The current situation of English classroom teaching in senior high schools can be dealt with in the following part.From the perspective of educational ecology,the classroom,as the main place to implement teaching activities,is an ecological system composed of teachers,students,teaching environment and other ecological factors(Guo Linjun&Chen Zhong 2016).Recently,it has been found English teaching has got some achievements under the guidance of new teaching ideas and methods since the implementation of the new curriculum reformation,but under the pressure and constraints of the college entrance examination in China,some traditional teaching methods cannot be ruled out in todays English classroom teaching.Moreover,classroom teaching is still dominated by large classes,in which teachers,as knowledge imparters or initiators,are still dominant in the class.As a result,its difficult fbr teachers to pay attention to the overall development of each individual student.In addition,score is still the most important criterion fbr2鲁东大学硕士学位论文teachers to distinguish between good students and students with learning difficulties in the final test or daily performance.However,these traditional ideas have a negative effect on the cultivation and development of students5 personality and creativity.The current situation of English teaching in senior high schools has violated the new teaching ideas from the perspective of educational ecology(Tian Wenyan&Xiao Xueying 2018).Due to the limitation of multimedia information technology in English teaching of senior high schools,the role that information technology should have played has been affected and the effectiveness has been impeded of information technology-supported English classroom teaching in senior high schools.Therefore,the researcher carries out the study on English classroom ecology of senior high schools,with a view to improving the quality of English classroom teaching and constructing a harmonious English classroom ecology in senior high schools.1.2 Significance of the StudyForeign language education in senior high schools is an essential part in cultivating citizens5 foreign language quality.It not only meets the needs of students fbr exams,but also adapts to the law of students mental and emotional development.English Curriculum Standard for Senior High Schools(Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China 2017)mentioned that English curriculum of senior high schools has the characteristic of integration of instrumentality and humanity,of which the focal point is to cultivate students5 innovative thinking and practical competence.However,with the rapid development of the information process,it would inevitably lead to several changes of teaching factors since multimedia information technology has entered English classroom in senior high schools.Therefore,from the perspective of educational ecology,the present study employs the theories and methods of educational ecology to analyze the current situation and problems in English classroom ecosystem of senior high schools,explores deep-seated reasons and proposes relevant measures to optimize English classroom ecology in senior high schools.This study has both 3高中英语课堂生态现状研究theoretical significance for educational ecology and practical significance for the establishment of an ecological English classroom.On the one hand,the present study is of great theoretical significance to enrich and improve relevant theories of English classroom ecology in senior high schools.Liu Guihua and Yang Qing(2011)pointed out that the traditional classroom is mainly to inculcate knowledge into students,and various problems in English classroom teaching emerge due to excessive emphasis on certain teaching factors.Therefore,the present study elaborates the current situation of English classroom in senior high schools from the perspective of educational ecology,which not only breaks free from the traditional research,but also tries to