新概念英语第二册笔记-第78课.doc

Lesson 78 The last one?
【Text】
After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times!

【课文翻译】
读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这支烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。 整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后，我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分 高兴。不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了!
New words and expressions 生词和短语
entitle v. 以......为名
calm v. 使镇定
nerve n. 神经
concentration n. 集中，专心
suffer v. 受苦，受害
symptom n. 症状

temper n. 脾气
appetite n. 胃口，食欲
produce v. 拿出
urge v. 力劝，怂恿
satisfaction n. 满意，满足
delighted adj. 欣喜的

【生词讲解】
1. entitle
1) v. 以......为名；授权
eg: If something entitles you to something, it gives you the official right to have or do it.
eg: The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice.
那本小说被命名为《傲慢与偏见》。

eg: This license entitles you to sell drug.
这个执照授权你可以卖药。
词组拓展： be entitled to (do) sth. 对...享有权利, 值得; 有(做某事)的资格[权利]
eg: Women employees are entitled to a maternity leave of three months.
女性员工有权利休三个月的产假。
记忆点拨：  en（动词前缀，使……）—title（标题）（使有标题）

2. calm
1) v. 使镇定
eg: I gave the frightened child some candies to calm him.
我给那个吓坏了的小孩一些糖果使他安静下来。
adj. 平静的
After a night of storm, the sea is now calm.
一夜暴风雨过后，大海现在很平静。
词组拓展： keep calm保持镇定
calm down镇定下来
calm before the storm暴风雨前的平静
相关表达：   calmness n.平静, 冷静, 镇静
词义辨析：   calm, peaceful, quiet, still
(1) calm (relaxed and quiet, not angry, nervous, or upset)
主要用于气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，也可指人表示“安静的”、“镇静的”，
eg: The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.
天空碧兰，海上风平浪静。
eg: Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.
虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答。
(2) Peaceful (a peaceful time, place, or situation is quiet and calm without any worry or excitement) 指“和平的”表示“没有骚扰和战争的”
a peaceful environment和平环境。
(3) quiet (not making much noise, or making no noise at all)指“ 没有吵闹声的”、“ 没有噪音的”,它强调“声音很低、很少” 或“全然无声”
eg: He had a quiet life
他过着宁静的生活。
(4) still (quiet and calm) 指“没声音的”、“没动静的”,
the still hours before dawn黎明前的寂静时刻。

3. nerve   n. 神经
eg: the feeling of being nervous because you are worried or a little frightened

eg: He was a bundle of nerves when making the speech.
他在演讲的时候紧张死了。
eg: I drank a large glass of beer to calm my nerves.
我喝了一大杯啤酒来镇定我的神经。
词组拓展：   get on sb's nerves使人心烦不安；使人心神不定
strain every nerve竭尽全力
相关表达： nervous adj. 神经紧张的，不安的

4. concentration    n. 集中，专心
eg: I can hardly concentrate on reading with all that noise around.
周围这么多噪音，我几乎不能专心读书。

eg: The factory is concentrating on designing new products.
工厂正集中经历设计信产品。
eg: Yoga is an exercise which can improves your powers of concentration.
瑜伽是一种能提高注意力的运动。
eg: As a simultaneous translator I must listen and translate with great concentration.
作为一个同声传译工作者，我必须非常集中精神地听和翻译。
相关表达：    concentrate v. 集中
记忆点拨：     con（全部）—centr（中心）—ation（名词后缀）（全部在中心）

5. suffer        
 1) v. to experience physical or mental pain受苦，受害；
eg: I have been suffering from a bad headache.
我有严重的头疼病。
eg: My grandmather died suddenly and didn’t suffer.
我的奶奶突然就去世了，没受什么痛苦。
2) to be in a very bad situation that makes things very difficult for you 受损失
eg: Many private businesses suffered a great loss during the recession.
很多私有企业在经济衰退时期受了很大损失。
The enemy forces suffered heavy casualties.
敌方军队伤亡损失很大。
词义辨析:  bear，endure，stand，suffer，tolerate
bear (to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation [= stand])广义的指容忍各种事情的能力
eg: He can't bear people smoking while he's eating.
他受不了别人在他吃饭的时候吸烟。
Endure (to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining)尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力：
eg: There are limits to what the human body can endure.
人体的忍耐力是有限的
stand(to be able to accept or deal well with a difficult situation [= tolerate])指精神上坚毅，有决心：
eg: The pain was too intense to stand.
痛苦强烈得无法承受。
eg: Actors who can't stand criticism shouldn't perform in public.
受不了批评的演员不应在公众中演出。
Suffer(to experience physical or mental pain) 指顺从和克制
eg: He suffered their insults in silence.
他默默忍受他们所施加的伤害。
Tolerate(to be able to accept something unpleasant or difficult, even though you do not like it)主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意

6. symptom    n. something wrong with your body or mind which shows that you have a particular illness症状；a sign that a serious problem exists征兆
eg: Symptoms include headaches and fever.
症状包括头疼和发烧。
eg: Cough is one of the symptoms of having pneumonia
.咳嗽是肺炎的症状之一。
eg: After studying his symptoms, the doctor diagnosed he had got a fever.
在研究他的症状之后，医生诊断他发烧了。
eg: The strike is a symptom of the declination of economy.
这次罢工是经济衰退的征兆。
eg: The crime rate is a symptom of social unrest.
犯罪率是社会不安定的征兆。

7. temper  n. a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily脾气
eg: He lost his temper when he saw his roommate using his toothbrush.
当他看到同屋正在用他的牙刷时他大发脾气。
eg: If he can’t learn how to control his temper, he will lost his job.
如果他不能学会控制他的脾气，他就会失去工作。
词组拓展：    keep one's temper忍住气；不发火
lose one's temper发火；生气
out of temper发火；动怒
相关表达：    good-tempered adj.好脾气的
bad-tempered adj.坏脾气的
ill-tempered坏脾气的 even-tempered好脾气的

temperament n.气质，性格
a nervous temperament易紧张的性格

8. appetite      n. 胃口，食欲
     eg: Too much ice cream spoiled my appetite.
吃了太多冰激凌让我都没胃口了。
     eg: Swimming gives me a great appetite. 
游泳让我胃口大增。
词组拓展：lose/have/spoil/give appetite 失去食欲，有食欲，破坏食欲，促进食欲
谚语：      Appetite comes with eating. [谚]胃口越吃越大(贪得无厌)。
A good appetite is a good sauce. [谚]饥不择食。

9. produce 
1)  v. to show, bring out, or offer something so it can be seen or considered拿出；生产；
eg: The old man produced his passport to the officer with trembling hands.
老人用颤抖的双手把护照拿给长官看。
eg: If you can not produce more evidence, you will be sentenced to death.
如果你不能拿出更多的证据你就会被判死刑。
eg: Grapes produced in this farm are mainly used to make wine.
这个农场产出的葡萄主要用于造酒。
相关表达：     product n.产品，产物 production n.生产

10. urge  v. to strongly advise someone to do something力劝，怂恿；n. 强烈欲望
eg: Jack urged me to resign and start my own business.
JACK怂恿我辞职自己创业。
 eg: I urged that you consider this decision carefully.
我劝你仔细考虑这个决定。
 eg: I felt a sudden urge to smoke.
我有强烈的想吸烟的欲望。
相关表达：     urgent adj.急迫的，紧张的

11. satisfaction    
  n. a feeling of happiness or pleasure because you have achieved something or got what you wanted满意，满足
eg: She got great satisfaction from helping others.
她从帮助别人的过程中得到很大的满足感。
eg: He looked at his painting with a smile of satisfaction.
他看着他的画，露出满意的微笑。

相关表达： satisfy v.使满意
satisfactory adj.令人满意的
satisfied adj.感到满意的
               dissatisfaction n.不满

12. delighted    adj. very pleased and happy 欣喜的
eg: We are delighted that the president will be watching our performance.
总统将要观看我们的演出，我们很高兴。
eg: We are delighted to know our best friend had a lovely baby.
我们欣喜的得知我们最好的朋友生了一个可爱的孩子。
eg: Jone was delighted when she received the admissions letter from Harward University.
接到哈佛大学的录取通知书时非常高兴。
相关表达：    delight n. 欣喜
词义辨析：     pleasure delight joy都含“快乐”、“愉快” 的意思。
pleasure （the feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction that you get from an experience）是常用词, 指“以任何形式表现出的或默默的快乐与满足”
eg: It's my pleasure to help you.
帮助你是我的快乐。
delight（a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction）语意比pleasure 强, 指“极大的快乐”, 尤指“以一种活泼的态度表现出来的快乐”,
eg: The child clapped his hands in delight.
那孩子高兴得拍起手来。
joy （great happiness and pleasure）指“高兴地表现出来的更强烈的快乐和愉快的情绪”,
eg: Success brought her great joy.
成功给她带来极大的快乐。
记忆点拨： delight（欣喜）ed（过去分词构成的形容词）

【课文讲解】
1. After reading an article entitled ' Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves.
entitled ' Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' entitled 是过去分词，整个过去分词短语作定语修饰 an article 意思是一篇健康与吸烟的文章
to calm my nerves 来镇定我紧张的神经（动词不定式做目的状语），我点燃香烟目的是镇定我紧张的神经
lit v 点燃（light的过去式及过去分词）
light
1) v 点火，着火
eg: He lit up a cigarette.
他点着香烟。
2) v （使）供给光线，照亮
eg: We lit a candle and the candle lit the room.
我们点燃蜡烛，蜡烛照亮了房间。
3) v （使）容光焕发
eg: Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face.
突然微笑是她的脸亮了起来。
light的过去分词及过去式有2种，light---lit---lit; light---lighted---lighted,区别在于：
** lit通常做谓语动词
eg: The match is lit. 火柴被点燃了。
** lighted通常做定语，当做形容词来使用时放在名词之前。
a lighted match 被点燃过的火柴
4) n 光
sunlight 阳光
firelight 火光
5) n 引火物
eg: Can you give me a light, please?
能借个火吗？
6) n 光线
eg: I can`t read while you are standing in my light.
你挡住我的光线了，我没法看书。
come to light/bring to light （渐）为人所知之状态
in the light of 从…观点看
according to one`s lights 按照个人之见识
throw light on/ shed light on 使明白，解释
7) adj 轻的
as light as air 毫无重量（轻的像空气）
as light as a feather 轻如鸿毛（想羽毛一样轻）
8) adj 少量的，教往常或预期少的
a light crop of wheat 小麦的收成不佳
9) adj (指睡眠)浅睡的，睡不沉的， 反义词（sound)
a light sleeper 浅睡的人
10) adj (动作或做动作的人)轻快的，灵活的
a light dancer 快的舞者

2.  I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette.
be sure that(从句) 表示对某事确信
as 因为
eg: She stayed at home as she had no car.
因为没有车她呆在家里。
eg: He saw her, as they were both getting off the bus at the same time .
因为他们同时下的公交车，所以他看见她了
cigarette n 香烟，纸烟
cigar n 雪茄
cigarette case 香烟盒
cigarette holder 烟嘴
cigarette lighter 打火机

3. For a whole week, I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly.
not…at all 根本不
during this time 在此期间
suffer v 遭罪，吃尽苦头
terribly
1) adv 很糟糕（very badly)
eg: She suffered terribly when her son was killed
她儿子的被杀让她痛苦极了。
2） （口）非常，很
not a terribly good film 不特别好的电影
eg： I am terribly sorry.
我非常抱歉。

4. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving smoking. : a bad temper and an enormous appetite.
give up smoking
someone giving up smoking是个独立主格结构，做of的宾语；其中someone是逻辑主语，giving up smoking 是 逻辑谓语。
独立主格： 一名词或代词和另一成分构成的复合结构，称为独立结构，常用于描绘性文字中，使其更生动。
eg：John being away, Henry had to do the work.
John走了， Henry不得不做这份工作。
（后半句是个完整的句子， 前半句是个独立的结构，John是逻辑主语，being away是逻辑谓语）
eg： He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
他平躺着，头枕着双手。
（句子主干是he lay on his back, 他平躺着，那么怎样平躺着呢？双手交叉在头下；独立结构中，his hands作为逻辑主语，crossed作为逻辑谓语）
eg：He entered the room, his nose red with cold. 他进入房间，鼻子冻得通红。
（主干是he entered the room, 独立结构是his nose red with cold)
an enormous appetite 旺盛的食欲

5. My friends kept on offering me cigarette and cigars.
keep on doing sth 持续不断做 （keep表示保持某种状态）
eg: She kept on studying.
她继续学习。（无间断的）
eg: Please keep off the grass.= Do not walk on it.
请勿践踏草坪（keep off 远离）
eg: He kept away from the party.= He did not come.
他没有来这个party (keep away避开）
eg: Under my essay, the teacher wrote: " Good work! Keep it up!"
(keep sth up= continue making an effort 坚持做某 事，继续努力）
eg: He ran so fast, I could not keep up with him.= I could not remain beside him.
(keep up with sb 跟上某人，赶上某人)
eg: A big notice on the door said, 'keep out!'
门上贴了个醒目的告示，切勿入内！
(keep put= do not come in 切勿入内）
eg: The cat was kept in during the fireworks.= It was made to stay indoors.
放烟火时猫被关在屋子里（be keep in 关在某处）
eg: Keep your shirt!= Don`t worry. keep calm.别担心，放松。
keep a secret 保守秘密
keep hens 养母鸡
keep chickens 养鸡
keep cows 养牛
eg: He needs more money to keep his wife and children.
他需要更多的钱去照顾妻子和孩子（keep= take care of 照 顾，照料)
eg: They keep a shop. 他们经营一家商店。
eg: They keep a small hotel. 他们经营一家小旅馆。
keep sb from doing sth 阻止（某人）做某事
keep in touch 保持联系
offer v 给予（后面加双宾语）
offer sb sth =offer sth to sb 给予某人某物

6. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket.
make no effort to do sth 根本不作努力
make an effort 努力
eg: The prisoner made an effort to escape, but he couldn`t climb the prison wall.
这个囚犯努力想逃跑，但是他没能爬过监狱的墙。
hide
1) v 隐藏，藏
eg: You are hiding some important facts.
你隐瞒了一些重要的事实。
eg: Don`t hide your feelings; say what you think.
不要隐瞒你的感情，说出你的想法。
2) v 躲藏
eg: I will hide behind the door.
我将藏身于门后。
区别： cover v 遮盖，隐蔽
eg： The noise was so loud that she covered her ears with her hands.
噪音太大了，以至于他用手遮住耳朵。（so… that 太…以至于…)
sweet n 糖果
candy （美）糖果
pudding n 补丁（一种甜点心）
dessert n 餐后的甜点
my sweet= honey, baby 称呼心上人的用语

7. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable.
extremely uncomfortable 非常不自在
extremely adv 极度地，极端地，非常地
extremely hot 非常地热 extremely angry 极度地生气
extremely heavy 格外地沉 extremely sorry 极度地抱歉

8. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
urge sb to do sth 劝说某人做某事
eg: It was more than I could bear.= I could not bear it any more. 我再也忍不住了。
more than 万分，非常
eg: We were more than happy to hear of your escape!
我们听到你逃了出来高兴的无以名状！
more…… than 与其说…不如说…
eg: He is more mad than stupid.
与其说他很笨，不如说他疯了。
no more…than 与…一样，同样不（双重否定）
eg: He`s no more fit to be a minister than a schoolboy would be.
一个学童固然不宜当部长，他同样不宜。

9. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that thing had returned to normal once more.
guiltily adv 内疚地
be delighted that （从句）被（某事）感到高兴
return to 恢复，返回
return to London 返回伦敦
return from work 下班回来
return sth 归还（某物）
eg: Don`t forget to return my keys.
别忘了还我钥匙。
return n 回程
return journey 回程
the return of the books 归还的书
the return of spring 春回大地
once more= once again 又一次，再一次

10. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.
as 正像，正如
anyway= a