新课标天津市高考英语二轮复习第二部分完形填空专题十一记叙.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二部分完形填空,-,2,-,近几年高考英语天津卷完形填空题着重考查考生的语言综合运用能力,命题所选材料来自英语国家的主要报纸、杂志,语言地道,体现跨文化交际意识,符合考生的生活经验、学习特点和认知水平,能激活考生的思维,并给考生较大的想象空间。具体命题特点分析如下,:,命题规律,备考策略,-,3,-,1.,体裁稳定,题材丰富,20132017,年高考英语天津卷完形填空的语篇体裁、题材统计,命题规律,备考策略,完形填空在体裁上倾向于记叙文。题材内容上贴近考生生活,体现小故事大道理。同时,侧重于记叙和细致描写反映人物心理活动变化方面,传达了正能量,兼有教育性和启迪性。,-,4,-,2.,篇幅不大,长难句增多,完形填空题语篇基本维持规定的,240300,的词数限制,但其中长难句增多,加大了完形填空的难度。例如,2014,年天津卷完形填空有七个复合句,六个,and,或,but,连接的并列句,还有一个强调句,这些都给考生在句子的理解上带来了不小的挑战。,3.,逻辑清晰,突出语境,完形填空语篇逻辑严密,故事情节曲折但很完整。文章使用明显的过渡词语来连接语篇的逻辑关系,体现了,“,突出语篇,”,的命题风格与考查要求。,命题规律,备考策略,-,5,-,4.,实词为主,虚词为辅,20132017,年高考英语天津卷完形填空考点统计,根据上面表格可知,完形填空重点考查的词类为名词、动词和形容词。,命题规律,备考策略,-,6,-,命题规律,备考策略,做完形填空题时,切忌边看短文边选答案,因为这样会脱离上下文语境,导致误选。根据完形填空题这一特点,解答完形填空题应遵循以下三个步骤,:,1,.,通读全文,把握主旨。,2,.,逐句精读,逐句分析。根据文中语意、惯用搭配、前后逻辑以及常识进行客观推测,务必克服平时的思维定式及不良做题习惯。,3,.,复读全文,整体核校。根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前后句之间的内在逻辑关系,检查文章的整体性,;,也可以从语法、词义、惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证,从而进一步加深对文章的理解并修改答案。,-,7,-,命题规律,备考策略,完形填空常考查以下几个方面,在备考训练中应引起重视。,1,.,词汇复现,:,原词、同,(,近,),义词、反义词、同源词、概括词复现等。,2,.,前后照应,:,关联,时间线索,总分结构对照分析。,3,.,固定搭配,:,动词、副词、形容词、名词和介词等的固定搭配,尤以动词搭配为主要考查点。,4,.,词义辨析,:,动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词及短语等的辨析。,5,.,语法结构和固定句式。,6,.,背景常识,:,文化、社会、生活、科学常识,历史、地理知识,英语国家的风俗习惯以及中西方文化的差异。,专题十一记叙文,-,9,-,考情概览,完形填空着重考查考生的语篇理解能力,记叙文因具备完整的故事情节和深刻的教育意义而更能考查考生的这种能力,所以在近几年的高考中,记叙文这种体裁仍然为选材的重中之重。它主要包括幽默故事、事件叙述等。其语言特点有,:,1,.,以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅。考查考生对丰富多彩的谓语动词时态的合理使用。有了动词时态的变化,才使英语文章中所叙述的动作有了层次感和立体感。,2,.,广泛使用动词,特别是动态动词。由于这些动词的存在,文章就会充满,“,动感,”,而这种让往事历历在目的,“,动感,”,正是优秀的记叙文所要追求的。,3,.,适当运用直接引语。直接引语的使用可以代替间接的主观叙述,简洁、生动地表达出事件发展的过程和各种人物的心理活动,充分展示人物的独特个性和人物之间的相互关系。,-,10,-,4,.,在夹叙夹议文体的完形填空中,作者首先叙述一件事,然后就此事提出自己的见解或由此事引出一个深刻的道理。,-,11,-,一,二,一、纯记叙类文体,1,.,读透首句,掌握主旨。,重视首句,明确短文话题,了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点,然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展情况,最后得出结论。所以读透首句对于了解全篇至关重要,这就是我们理解文章的内在联系的,“,突破口,”,。,例,(2016,全国,卷,)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football,team.That,meant,41(beating out),Miller,King,who,was the best,42(player),at our school.,分析,:,本文第一段点明了作者的志向,并点明了一个他想击败的人物,Miller,King,。由此预测,后文的故事发展将会是作者在成为足球明星的道路上与当时最佳球员之间关系的发展、冲突等情节,也可大胆预测他们可能最终会成为朋友。,-,12,-,一,二,2,.,速读全文,掌握中心。,速读全文要求一气呵成,跳过空格,快速阅读,领会大意,把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素,如时间、地点、人物和事件等,从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。,-,13,-,一,二,例,(2017,天津卷,),At my heaviest I weighed 370,pounds.I,had a very poor relationship with,food:I,used it to,16,bad,feelings,to,make myself feel,better,and,to,celebrate.Worried,about my,health,I,tried many different kinds of,17,but nothing,worked.I,came to believe that I could do nothing about my,18,.,When I was 50,my weight problem began to affect me,19,.I didn,t want to live the rest of my life with this,20,weight any more.,That,year,I,21,a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the,world.A,seminar leader shared her,22,story she had not only lost 125,pounds,but,also raised$25,000 for homeless children.,-,14,-,一,二,23,by her,story,I,created the As We Heal(,痊愈,),the World Heals,24,.My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise$50,000,25,a movement founded 30 years ago to end,hunger.This,combination of healing myself and healing the world,26,me as the perfect solution.,27,I began my own personal weight,program,I,was filled with the fear that I would,28,the same difficulties that beat me,before.While,the,29,hung over my,head,there,were also signs that I was headed down the right,30,.I sent letters to everyone I,knew,telling,them about my,project.It,worked,perfectly.Donations,began,31,in from hundreds of people.,-,15,-,一,二,Of,course,I,also took some practical steps to lose,weight.I,consulted with a physician(,内科医生,),I hired a fitness,coach,and,I began to eat small and,32,meals.My,fund-raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise,33,.,A year,later,I,34,my,goal:I,lost 150 pounds and raised$50,000!I feel that I,ve been given a second life to devote to something that is,35,and enormous.,-,16,-,一,二,分析,:,通过略读全文,把握核心词汇,weight,project,和,donations,等。在文章开头作者交代了曾为自己的肥胖问题所困扰,尝试了多种减肥方法,但都没有用,;,第二、三段介绍作者在五十岁时想改变现状并受到一位女士的影响,;,第四、五、六段介绍作者通过采取实际行动,将减肥与公益事业相结合,;,最后一段则是作者达成了自己的目标。文章结构清晰明了,通过跳过空格速读全文,可以很好地把握文章的主线。,-,17,-,一,二,3,.,身临其境,故事重构。,采取换位思考的方式,假设自己就是故事的主人公,在此情此景下,模拟故事的情景,推断故事的发展,体会作者的心情、观点和态度等。这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握,才能选出符合语境的词语。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。,-,18,-,一,二,例,Finally,the,day of the party,46(arrived),.Some guests brought,presents.Others,brought,flowers.Some,even brought desserts to,47,.One woman,Mrs.Gilbert,48(presented),Dario,s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.,A.order,B.sell,C.share,D.advertise,分析,:,做题时,应将自己考虑为故事的主人公,根据具体语境和国外的文化背景知识可知,在派对上客人买来礼物、鲜花,甚至还有人拿甜点来分享。故选,C,项。,-,19,-,一,二,4,.,关注末段,注意感想。,最后一段通常是作者有感而发的心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。,例,(2017,北京卷,),Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a,55,in the,world.You,can,too,!,A.choice,B.profit,C.judgement,D.difference,分析,:,本文讲述了一位善良的小女孩汉娜,泰勒因亲眼看见无家可归的人们的悲惨生活而决心做一些事情来帮助这些人的故事。汉娜通过自己的努力建立公益组织,筹集资金,以帮助那些无家可归、忍饥挨饿的人们。最后一段作者有感而发,以汉娜的故事告诉我们,年轻人也可以通过自己的努力去改变世界。因此答案应该为,difference,。,-,20,-,一,二,5,.,浏览全文,复查核定。,根据记叙文的线索,考生一定要进行回查,仔细推敲,校正全文,使故事恢复原貌。检查要点包括,:(1),语意是否前后一致,;(2),上下文是否通顺连贯,内容是否完整,;(3),所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构,;(4),文化背景和生活常识内容是否合理。,-,21,-,一,二,二、夹叙夹议类文体,1,.,在做这类体裁的完形填空题时,抓住作者的观点或作者阐述的生活哲理是关键。因为作者叙述所发生的事情或事例是为其要表达的思想服务的。,例,(2016,天津卷,),The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful.,Cathy suffered some terrible,16,in her early,childhood.After,years of regular,treatment,she,17,became healthy.,.,-,22,-,一,二,Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the,year.Cathy,didn,t expect any award but was still there to,30,her friends and praise their,accomplishments.As,the ceremony was nearing the,end,I,suddenly heard the head coach,31,“The highest honor goes to,Cathy!”Looking,around,he,continued,“Cathy,has inspired us with her,32,and enthusiasm.,33,skills and talents bring great,success,the,most valuable asset(,财富,)one can hold is the heart.”,It was the greatest,34,of my daughter,s,life.With,all she had been,35,in her ten,years,this,was the hour of true triumph(,成功,).,-,23,-,一,二,分析,:“,我,”,的女儿凯茜通过努力,加入了一个游泳队。即使身体不适,她也坚持训练。虽然比赛中得了最后一名,但她没有放弃。最后的颁奖仪式上,总教练把最高荣誉奖颁发给她。由此,作者在结尾处点明,是,“,我,”,女儿的意志力和热情让她赢得了最后的荣誉。抓住作者叙事议理的脉络和作者的写作意图,对每个题目的判断就有理有据了。,-,24,-,一,二,2,.,文章的首句可能是一个完整的富有哲理的句子,这个句子不容忽视,因为它往往是全文的关键句,甚至是文章的主题句。,One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-,finder.However,life,can be,36(great),when you are not busy finding fault with it.,Several years ago I,37,a letter from seventeen-year-old,Kerry,who,described herself as a world-class fault-,finder,almost,always,38,by,things.People,were always doing things that annoyed,her,and,39,was ever good,enough.She,was highly self-critical and also found fault with her,friends.She,became a really,40,person.,.,-,25,-,一,二,分析,:,作者在文章的第一段就向读者阐述了一个生活哲理,即世界上最容易做的事情之一就是成为一个挑错的人,但是如果你不忙着挑错,那么你的生活可能就非同凡响了。后文通过实例来证明自己的观点。,-,26,-,一,二,3,.,抓住文章的线索,弄明白文章的逻辑关系。夹叙夹议文是记叙和议论在文中交错运用,解题时一定要随着记叙与议论的转换,及时调整思维方式。,-,27,-,一,二,.,Unfortunately,it,took a horrible accident to change her,41,.Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car,crash.What,made it almost,42,to deal with was that the day before the,43,Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her,44,of,boyfriends,the,way she was,living,the,way she related to her,mother,and,various other things she felt she needed to,45,.It wasn,t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became,46,her habit of finding,fault.Very,quickly,she,learned to appreciate life rather than to,47,everything so harshly(,刻薄,).She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her,48,as well.,-,28,-,一,二,Perhaps most of us aren,t extreme at fault-finding,49,when we,re,honest,we,can be sharply,50,of the,world.I,m,not suggesting you,51,problems,or,that you pretend things are,52,than they,are,but,simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are,53,most of the,time,and,especially when it,s not a really big,54,.,.,分析,:,文章的第三段是在叙述小女孩,Kerry,的故事,但从第四段的表述中我们不难看出作者在表达个人的看法,因此文章由记叙变为了议论。因此做题时要做好明确的辨别。,-,29,-,一,二,4,.,叙和议是一个有机的整体,“,叙,”,是,“,议,”,的基础,即议论不能脱离记叙,必须在记叙的基础上展开,;“,议,”,是,“,叙,”,的渗透,即议论在记叙的基础上发表,且要有一定的深度与广度。二者水乳交融,互为一体。,.,I passed the clean comb back to,Dad.He,smiled at me and,41,placed his comb on his,wallet.But,this,time,I,noticed something,42,.Dad had,aged.He,had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled,43,his smile was still as,44,as,before,the,smile of a father who just wanted a good,45,for his family.,分析,:,作者在文章的最后一段中采用了记叙和议论相结合的手法表述了父亲的变化和自己对父亲的那丝微笑的感触。记叙中有议论,议论跟着记叙。,-,30,-,A,B,C,(2016,天津卷,),The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful.,Cathy suffered some terrible,1,in her early,childhood.After,years of regular,treatment,she,2,became healthy.,Two years,ago,while,Cathy was watching the,Olympics,a,dream came into her sweet little headto be a,swimmer.Last,summer,she,wanted to,3,our local swim,team.She,practiced hard and finally,4,it.The,team practice,5,was a rough,start.She,coughed and choked and could hardly,6,her first few,weeks.Hearing,her coughing bitterly one,night,I,decided to,7,her from it,all.But,Cathy woke me up early next,morning,wearing,her swimsuit,8,to,go!I,told her she shouldn,t swim after a whole night,s,coughing,but,she refused to,9,and insisted she go.,-,31,-,A,B,C,From that day,on,Cathy,kept swimming and didn,t,10,a single,practice.She,had a,11,intention within herself to be the best she could,be.My,ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my,eyes,into,this,12,human being with a passion and a,mission.There,were moments of,13,of,course:often,she would be the last swimmer in the,race.It,was difficult for Cathy to accept that she wasn,t a,14,ever.But,that didn,t stop her from trying.,-,32,-,A,B,C,Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the,year.Cathy,didn,t expect any award but was still there to,15,her friends and praise their,accomplishments.As,the ceremony was nearing the,end,I,suddenly heard the head coach,16,“The highest honor goes to,Cathy!”Looking,around,he,continued,“Cathy,has inspired us with her,17,and enthusiasm.,18,skills and talents bring great,success,the,most valuable asset(,财富,)one can hold is the heart.”,It was the greatest,19,of my daughter,s,life.With,all she had been,20,in her ten,years,this,was the hour of true triumph(,成功,).,-,33,-,A,B,C,1,.A.failure,B.pressure,C.loss,D.illness,2,.A.usually,B.finally,C.firstly,D.frequently,3,.A.improve,B.train,C.join,D.contact,4,.A.increased,B.found,C.created,D.made,5,.A.however,B.therefore,C.otherwise,D.instead,6,.A.use,B.survive,C.save,D.waste,-,34,-,A,B,C,7,.A.pull,B.tell,C.hide,D.fire,8,.A.afraid,B.nervous,C.ready,D.free,9,.A.take off,B.set,off,C.give,up,D.show,up,10,.A.attend,B.miss,C.ban,D.start,11,.A.rich,B.weak,C.firm,D.kind,12,.A.trusted,B.determined,C.experienced,D.embarrassed,13,.A.frustration,B.delight,C.excitement,D.surprise,-,35,-,A,B,C,14,.A.beginner,B.learner,C.partner,D.winner,15,.A.cheer on,B.compete,with,C.respond,to,D.run,after,16,.A.admitting,B.explaining,C.announcing,D.whispering,17,.A.humor,B.will,C.honesty,D.wisdom,18,.A.Although,B.Since,C.Once,D.Because,19,.A.discovery,B.choice,C.influence,D.moment,20,.A.through,B.under,C.across,D.around,-,36,-,A,B,C,【语篇导读】,本文为夹叙夹议文。,“,我,”,的女儿凯茜通过努力,加入了一个游泳队,即使她身体不适,她也坚持训练,;,虽然比赛中得了最后一名,但她没有放弃。最后的颁奖仪式上,总教练把最高荣誉奖颁发给她。,1,.D,解析,由下一句中的,“,After,years,of,regular,treatment(,经过多年的常规治疗,)”,可知,该句的含义应为,:,凯茜在童年早期患有某种严重的疾病。,failure“,失败,”,;pressure“,压力,”,;loss“,损失,失去,”,;illness“,疾病,”,。故选,D,项。,2,.B,解析,句意,:,经过多年的常规治疗,她最终恢复了健康。,usually“,通常,”,;finally“,最终,”,;firstly“,首先,”,;frequently“,频繁地,”,。故选,B,项。,-,37,-,A,B,C,3,.C,解析,句意,:,去年夏天,她想加入我们当地的游泳队。,improve“,提高,;,改善,”,;train“,训练,”,;join“,加入组织或团体,成为其中一员,”,;contact“,联系,”,。故选,C,项。,4,.D,解析,句意,:,她努力练习,最后成功了。,increase“,增加,”,;find“,发现,;,找到,”,;create“,创造,”,;make“,制作,”,make,it,“,成功,”,。故选,D,项。,5,.A,解析,句意,:,然而,游泳队的训练是苦难的开始。上文提到她成功加入了游泳队,本句则提到游泳队的训练开始并不容易,故二者存在转折关系。,however“,然而,”,;therefore“,因此,”,;otherwise“,否则,”,;instead“,相反,”,。故选,A,项。,6,.B,解析,句意,:,她咳嗽、窒息,几乎熬不过前几个星期。,use“,使用,”,;survive“,幸存,”,;save“,救,;,节省,”,;waste“,浪费,”,。由上一句中的,rough,可知,答案为,survive,。,-,38,-,A,B,C,7,.A,解析,句意,:,一天晚上听到她痛苦地咳嗽,“,我,”,决定不让她去训练了。,pull“,拉,”,;tell“,告诉,”,;hide“,藏,”,;fire“,开火,;,解雇,”,;pull.from.“,从,脱身,”,。由句意知,A,项为正确答案。,8,.C,解析,句意,:,但是第二天清晨,凯茜把,“,我,”,叫醒,她已经穿好泳衣,准备出发了。,afraid“,害怕的,”,;nervous“,紧张的,”,;ready“,准备好的,”,;free“,自由的,;,免费的,”,。由她已经穿好泳衣可知,ready,为最佳答案。,9,.C,解析,句意,:“,我,”,告诉她一整晚的咳嗽之后,她不应该去游泳,但是她拒绝放弃,坚持要去。,take,off“,起飞,;,脱掉,”,;set,off“,动身,启程,;,使爆炸,”,;give,up“,放弃,”,;show,up“,到场,露面,”,。由空后的句子,“,她坚持要去,”,可知,give,up,为最佳答案。,-,39,-,A,B,C,10,.B,解析,句意,:,从那天起,她继续游泳,没有错过一次训练。,attend“,参加,”,;miss“,错过,;,思念,”,;ban“,禁止,”,;start“,开始,;,发动,”,。由该句中的,“,Cathy,kept,swimming”,可知,miss,为最佳答案。,11,.C,解析,句意,:,她心中有一个坚定的目标,要尽自己所能成为最棒的。,rich“,富有的,;,丰富的,”,;weak“,弱的,”,;firm“,坚定的,”,;kind“,好心的,善良的,”,。由凯茜不放弃,坚持训练可知,她的这种想法是坚定的。故选,C,项。,12,.B,解析,句意,:“,我,”,眼看着,“,我,”,10,岁的女儿成长为一个有爱好,有目标并意志坚定的人。,trusted“,受信任的,”,;determined“,坚定的,”,;experienced“,有经验的,”,;embarrassed“,尴尬的,难为情的,”,。由凯茜坚持游泳训练的事实可知,determined,为最佳答案。,-,40,-,A,B,C,13,.A,解析,句意,:,当然她也有一些感到挫败的时刻,她经常是游泳比赛中的最后一名。,frustration“,挫折,挫败,”,;delight“,高兴,”,;excitement“,激动,兴奋,”,;surprise“,惊讶,吃惊,”,。从她是游泳比赛中的最后一名可知,此处应选择,frustration,。,14,.D,解析,句意,:,凯茜很难接受自己不是一名获胜者。,beginner“,初学者,”,;learner“,学习者,”,;partner“,搭档,合作伙伴,”,;winner“,获胜者,”,。根据上一句中的,“,she,would,be,the,last,swimmer,in,the,race”,可知,她很难接受自己不是获胜者,故选,winner,。,15,.A,解析,句意,:,凯茜没有期望任何奖项,但是仍旧到那儿为她的朋友们鼓劲加油,并且赞美他们。,cheer,on“,向,欢呼,”,;compete,with“,与,竞争,”,;respond,to“,对,作出回应,”,;run,after“,追赶,;,追求,”,。根据句意可知,A,项为最佳答案。,-,41,-,A,B,C,16,.C,解析,句意,:,当颁奖仪式接近尾声时,“,我,”,突然听到总教练宣布,:“,最高荣誉奖属于凯茜,!”admit“,承认,”,;explain“,解释,”,;announce“,宣布,”,;whisper“,低声说,”,。宣布一件大家关注的事情,应用,announce,故选,C,项。,17,.B,解析,句意,:,凯茜用她的意志和热情激励了我们。,humor,“,幽默,”,;will“,意志力,”,;honesty“,诚实,”,;wisdom“,智慧,”,。上文主要讲述了凯茜不顾自己的身体,坚持游泳训练,体现的是她的意志力。故选,B,项。,18,.A,解析,句意,:,虽然技巧和天赋带来巨大的成功,但是一个人拥有的最宝贵的财富是内心。,although“,虽然,尽管,”,;since“,自从,由于,”,;once“,一旦,”,;because“,因为,”,。由句意可知,although,为最佳答案。,-,42,-,A,B,C,19,.D,解析,句意,:,这是,“,我,”,女儿一生中最伟大的时刻。,discovery“,发现,”,;choice“,选择,”,;influence“,影响,”,;moment“,时刻,”,。由句意可知,D,项为最佳答案。,20,.A,解析,句意,:,在她十年中所经历的所有时刻中,这是她真正成功的时刻。,through“,经历,;,通过,”,;under“,在,下面,”,;across“,横穿,”,;around“,在,的周围,”,。本句指,“,我,”,的女儿所经历的事情,故选,through,。,-,43,-,A,B,C,(2015,天津卷,),My fianc,(,未婚夫,)and I were excited about shopping for our first,home.But,our funds were,1,and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.,One agent,2,a house in,particular.Although,her description sounded,wonderful,the,price was,3,our,range,so,we,declined.But,she kept urging us to have a look,4,.,We finally did and it was,5,at first,sight.It,was Our,Home,small,and,charming,overlooking,a quiet,lake.Walking,through the rooms and talking with the,owners,a,nice elderly,couple,we,felt the warmth and,6,of the marriage within that,home.As,perfect as it,was,the,price remained too high for,us.But,every,day,we,would sit by the,lake,looking,at the house and dreaming of,7,it would be like to live there.,-,44,-,A,B,C,Days,later,we,made,a(n,),8,far below the asking,price.Surprisingly,they,didn,t,9,us.They,renewed their offer,10,.It was also much more than we could,afford,but,far,11,than the original asking price.,The next,day,we,got a,12,message that