英语演讲与口才.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Slide,*,McGraw-Hill,2007 Stephen E.Lucas.All rights reserved.,Stephen E.Lucas,C H A P T E R,McGraw-Hill,2007 Stephen E.Lucas.All rights reserved.,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,One,Art of Public Speaking,Learning objectives of the course,To study the process of preparing a speech,To study the elements of speech presentation,To be aware of certain presentation errors that can negatively affect a speech evaluation,To learn the basic steps in making a good impression,Introduction,Learning objectives of,Chapter 1,:,1.Explain the value of a course in public speaking,2.Discuss the long tradition of studying public speaking.,3.Identify the major similarities and differences between public speaking and everyday conversation.,4.Speech communication process,Key-terms,orator rt(r)/addresser,channel,rhetoric,Intercultural communicative competence,frame of reference,interference,massage,situation,The tradition of public speaking,“,一人之辩，重于九鼎之宝，,三寸之舌，强于百万之师”,The power of public speaking,public speaking,job hunting,various competitions,personal life,Force and empowerment,Genre of public speaking,artistic expression(song,poetry,play),persuasion,advising,inspiring,argumentation,PS&intercultural communicative competence,English Language,Chinese heritage,To respect diversity of culture,Avoid ethnocentrism,(,民族优越感,),Cultural Diversity andPublic Speaking,Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.,Not only do words change from language to language,but so do ways of thinking and of seeing the world.,Even meanings attached to gestures for such basic messages as“yes”and“no”are culturally based.,Cultural Diversity andPublic Speaking,Diversity and multiculturalism are such basic facts of life that can play a role in almost any speech you give:,A business manager briefing employees of a multinational company.,A lawyer presenting her closing argument to an ethnically mixed jury.,An international student explaining the customs of his land to students at a U.S.university.,Cultural Diversity andPublic Speaking,1.Avoid ethnocentrism,the belief that ones own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.,2.If there is a language difference between you and your audience,avoid any words or phrases that might cause misunderstanding.,3.When delivering your speech,be alert to feedback that might indicate the audience is having trouble grasping your ideas.,Critical Thinking Skills,enables you to.,This skill.,Arrange information,Organizing,Store and retrieve information,Remembering,Formulate questions,collect data,Information Gathering,Define problems,set goals,select information,Focusing,Similarities Between Public Speaking and Conversation,Organizing thoughts logically,Tailoring the message to the audience,Telling a story for maximum impact,Adapting to listener feedback,Differences Between Public Speaking and Conversation,Public speaking is more highly structured,Public speaking requires more formal language,Public speaking requires a different method of delivery,The Speech Communication Process,Speaker,Message,Channel,Listener,Feedback,Interference,Situation,The Speech Communication Process,Insert Figure 1.1,Speaker,The person who is presenting an oral message to a listener.,Message,Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.,Channel,The means by which a message is communicated.,Listener,The person who receives the speakers message.,Frame of Reference,The sum of a persons knowledge,experience,goals,values,and attitudes.,Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listeners frame of reference.,No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.,Feedback,The messages,usually nonverbal,sent from a listener to a speaker.,Interference,Anything that impedes the communication of a message.,Situation,The time and place in which speech communication occurs.,Summary,1.Explain the value of a course in public speaking,2.Discuss the long tradition of studying public speaking.,3.Identify the major similarities and differences between public,speaking and everyday conversation.,4.Speech communication process,The Secret to Success,The script,Exercise,orator,rhetoric,Intercultural communicative competence,frame of reference,communication process,What is a good public speech?,Review Chapter1:Think about the following,Chapter Two Speaking Confidently and Ethically,Learning Objectives:,Skills and information to speak confidently,Skills and information to speak ethically,Key Terms:,Stage fright,positive nervousness,visualization,ethics,plagiarism pledrzm 抄袭,(3 types:global,patchwork,incremental plagiarism),paraphrase,Stage Fright,Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience,Fear of public speaking and fear of death usually rank top in most surveys asking people of their fear!,31,What Causes Stage Fright?,inadequate preparation,fear of being judged,unfamiliarity with the audience or the environment,lack of knowledge about public speaking,feelings of inadequacy,fear of the unknown,negative past experiences,32,Important UnderstandingsAbout Stage Fright,It is normal.Almost everyone experiences some nervousness about speaking in some situations.,It is mostly internal.You will usually feel more nervous than you look.Or mental stress.,33,Dealing with Nervousness,Acquire speaking experience,Preparation,Think positively,Use the power of,visualization,Dont expect perfection,Reducing Speech Anxiety,Know your audience,Select an appropriate topic,Re-create the speech environment when you rehearse,Know your introduction and conclusion,Be organized,Use visual aids,35,Being smiling,Ethics,The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.,Ethical Decisions,Weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines.,Guidelines for Ethical Speaking,Make sure your goals are ethically sound,Be fully prepared for each speech,Be honest in what you say,Put ethical principles into practice,Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language,Name-Calling,The use of language to defame,demean,or degrade individuals or groups.,Plagiarism,Presenting another persons language or ideas as ones own.,Types of Plagiarism,Global plagiarism,Patchwork plagiarism,Incremental plagiarism,Global Plagiarism,Stealing a speech,entirely,from a single source and passing it off as ones own.,Patchwork Plagiarism,Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as ones own.,Incremental Plagiarism,Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.,Plagiarism and the Internet,Wikipedia !,Cite sources when using Internet materials,Take careful research notes,Guidelines for,Ethical Listening,Be courteous and attentive,Avoid prejudging the speaker,Maintain the free and open,transaction of ideas,Chapter 3 Giving Your First Speech,Learning Objectives:,the basic introduction about:,How to develop and organize your first speech,How to deliver your first speech,Key Trems,Preview statement,Chronological order,Topical order,transition,Developing Your First Speech,Focus your speech to fit the time limit,Select a limited number of points and develop them clearly,Organize your speech into 3 parts:introduction,body,and conclusion,Introduction of the speech,Posing a question,Telling a story,Making a startling statement,Opening with a quotation,Rehearsing Your First Speech,Rehearse the speech out loud,Ask friends or family members to listen and to give constructive feedback,Time your speech,To visualize your delivery several times?,Interpersonal Communication,Speech 1:“Introduce a Chinese Celebrity”and let us guess him/her!,