国际结算-双语课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Prerequisite,courses,(,先修课程,),：,Finance,(金融学)、,International,Finance,(国际金融学)、,International,Trade,(国际贸易学),Prescribed,text,book,(,教材,),：,International,Settlement,，,蔣琴儿、秦定主编,国,际结算理论实务案例(,双语教材),清华大学出版,社,2007.3版。,国际结算,贺瑛主编，复旦大学出版社，,2006.5,版。,Other,Reference,（其他参考资料）：,International,Settlement,(Reference,for,Financial,English,Certificate,Test,FECT),苏宗祥，景乃权，张林森编著：国际结算,（第三版），中国金融出版社，,2004.11。,International,Business(Fifth,Edition),Michael,R.Czinkota，,机械工业出版社,2003.4,版,Subject,Content,(,教学内容,),第一讲（,topic,1,）,第二讲（,topic,2,）,第三讲（,topic,3,）,阶段练习,Quiz,1,第四讲（,topic,4,）,第五讲（,topic,5,）,第六讲（,topic,6,）,第七讲（,topic,7,）,阶段练习,Quiz,2,第八讲（,topic,8,）,第九讲（,topic,9,）,第十讲（,topic,10,）,总复习（,Review,）,国际结算概述,Introduction,国际结算票据,Instruments,汇款与托收结算方式,Remittance,&,Collection,第一三讲,Topic,1-3,跟单信用证结算方式,Documentary,L/C,银行保函与备用信用证结算方式,Bankers,Letter,of,Guarantee,&,Stand-by,L/C,传统贸易结算融资,Traditional,Trade,Finance,国际结算法律环境,Incoterms,UCP600,第四七讲,Topic,4-7,国际结算单据,Documents,国际保理和福费廷,Factoring,&,Forfeiting,国际支付清算体系,Clearing,Systems,课程综述、答疑,Summary,&,consultation,Topic,1,Introduction,International,Settlement,Most,international,payments,originate,from,both,visible,trade,and,invisible,trade,transactions,Transfer,of,Investment,proceeds,Foreign,affairs,Culture,intercourse,Foreign,trade,of,goods,/,services,Capital,movement,Creditors,Rights,Debt,Obligations,Use,certain,Monetary,Instruments,Narrowly,speaking,international,settlement,focuses,on,payment,for,goods,i.e.,settlement,for,visible,trade,(贸易结算),Widely,speaking,international,settlement,also,consists,of,the,following,business,including,settlement,for,tributary,cost,non-visible,trade,and,financial,transaction,etc.,(贸易从属费用、非有形商品贸易结算、金融交易,结算等),Four,main,changes,that,are,found,during,the,evolution,of,international,trade,payments,and,settlements:,国际结算的历史发展进程,From,cash,settlement,to,non-cash,settlement,从,现金结算,发展到,非现金结算,资金票据化,From,payment,for,goods,to,payment,against,documents,从,凭货付款,发展到,凭单付款,货物单据化、履约证书化,From,payment,between,buyers,and,sellers,to,payments,effected,through,foreign,exchange,banks,从交易方,直接结算,发展到通过,银行结算,银行核心化，结算体系化,From,simple,settlement,to,settlement,associated,with,trade,financing,and,even,comprehensive,services,从,单纯结算,发展到与,贸易融资,相结合,服务多样化,1.,choice,of,currency,(国际结算货币条件,),currency,of,exportimporta,third,country,Terms,and,Conditions,considered,in,Settlement,2.,decision,of,timing(国际结算的时间条件),payment,in,advance,(预付货款),payment,after,arrival,of,goods,(货到付款),deferred,payment,(延期付款),3.,choice,of,method,(国际结算的方式),按结算工具及其使用方法划分，可分为,Remittance（汇款）、,Collection（托收）、,Letter,of,Credit（信用证）,；,按信用工具传递与资金转移方向划分，分为,Remittance（顺汇)、,Honor,of,Draft,(逆汇）；,按信用关系的性质，分为,商业信用方式(,commercial,credit,)，包括汇款和托收；,银行信用方式(,bank,credit,)，主要是信用证，其他包括,Traveller,s,Check(旅行支票)、Credit,Card,(信用卡),等等。,International,settlement,system,国际结算制度,Definition：,国际结算制度是指一个国家根据本国的外汇管理要求,所制定的对外结算的总制度，包括结算方式、方法、工具,及结算业务的操作秩序等。,Type：,multi-national,system,(,多边结算制度,),vs.,bilateral,system,(,双边结算制度,),Topic,2,Credit,Instruments,used,in,settlement,of,trade,(,贸易结算中的信用工具,),Credit,instruments,most,commonly,used,in,international,trade,payments,and,settlements,are,bills,of,exchange,(汇票),promissory,notes,(本票),checks,(支票).,They,are,also,known,as,negotiable,instruments,(流通票据).,2.,1,Introduction,to,Negotiable,Instruments,(,票据概述,),Nature,of,a,negotiable,instrument,(票据本质),an,unconditional,order,or,promise,in,writing,to,pay,a,sum,certain,in,money;,addressed,by,one,person,to,another;,payable,to,bearer,or,to,order;,payable,on,demand,or,at,a,definite,future,time.,Attributes,of,negotiable,instruments,票据特征,1right,to,be,paid,(设权性,),2requisite,in,form,(要式性),3subject,to,written,clause,(文义性),4non-causative,(无因性),5negotiability,(流通性),6holders,claim,(债权性),7demand,for,certain,sum,of,money,only,(货币性),8.,presentment,(提示性),9.,right,of,recourse,(可追索性),10.returnability,(返还性),Functions,of,a,negotiable,instrument,票据作用,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,means/,tool,of,payment,/settlement,(结算作用),proof,of,credit,relation,(信用作用),negotiable,instrument,(流通作用),offset,of,debt,obligation,(抵偿作用),means,of,financing,(融资作用),Example,rt,wool,Businessman,in,UK,Businessman,in,Spain,expo,10,00,0,Businessman,in,France,10,000,export,wine,根据题意所示，英国商人可通过开立一张汇票向西班牙商人,索偿；同时，他又负有向法国商人支付另一笔货款的义务,（法过商人也会开立汇票向英国商人索汇）。,然而，两笔结算业务可以合二为一。那么，如何利用票据的,作用来达到这个效果呢？,Law,for,negotiable,instruments,：,anglo-american,law,system,(英美法系),Bills,of,Exchange,Act,1882,(英国1882年票据法),Uniform,Commercial,Code,(美国1897,1952年统一商法典),continental,law,system,(大陆法系,),Uniform,Law,for,Bills,of,Exchange,Promissary,Notes,1930,日内瓦统一汇票、本票法公约(1930年),日内瓦统一支票法公约1931,International,Convention,of,negotiable,instruments(draft),国际流通票据公约（草案）,Law,of,the,Peoples,Republic,of,China,on,Negotiable,Instruments,中华人民共和国票据法,我国的第一部票据法于,1995年,5月,10日由全国人大常,委会通过，并于,1996年,1月1日起实施。,2004年8月28日，经全国人民代表大会常务委员会通,过，对中华人民共和国票据法进行了修正，使其更适应,新形势下经济生活的需要,Parties,to,a,negotiable,instrument,(票据当事人),Immediate,parties,(基本当事人),the,drawer,drawee,and,payee.,Remote,parties,(附属当事人),Holder,(holder,for,value,holder,in,due,course),acceptor,endorser,endorsee,acceptor,for,honor,guarantor,and,payer,for,honor,Acts,of,instrument,(,票据行为,),分类示意图：,广,义,票,据,行,为,票据行为,准票据行为,主票据行为,出票,附属票据行为,背书,承兑,保证,保付,参加承兑,提示,付款,拒付,划线,追索,涂销,参加付款,2.,2,Bills,of,Exchange,A,bill,of,exchange,is,an,unconditional,order,in,writing,.,Addressed,by,one,person,(the,drawer),to,another,(the,drawee),signed,by,the,person,giving,it,requiring,the,person,to,whom,it,is,addressed,(the,drawee,who,when,he,signs,becomes,the,acceptor),to,pay,on,demand,or,at,a,fixed,or,determinable,future,time,a,sum,certain,in,money,to,or,to,the,order,of,a,specified,person,or,to,bearer,(the,payee).,Bills,of,Exchange,Act,1882,of,the,United,Kingdom,Essentials,of,a,bill,of,exchange,(要项),(1),The,word,“Exchange”;,(2),An,unconditional,order,in,writing;,(3),Name,and,address,of,the,drawee;,(4),Drawers,signature(s);,(5),Date,and,place,of,issue;,(6),Name,or,business,entity,of,the,payee;,(7),Tenor；,(期限),(8),Place,of,payment;,(9),Amount,Specimen,March,5th,2006,ACCEPTED,Exchange,for,USD15,000.00,Shanghai.,March,20th,2006,At,90,days,after,sight,pay,to,Bank,of,China,Payable,at,Shanghai,Branch,or,order,the,sum,of,fifteen,thousand,City,Bank,US,dollars,only,for,value,received.,N.Y.,Branch,To:,City,Bank,N.Y.,Branch,N.Y.,USA,For,Shanghai,Textiles,Import,&,Export,Company,Limited,(authorized,signature),Acts,of,a,bill,of,exchange,(汇票行为),(1),Issuance,(出票),(2),Endorsement,(背书),Blank,endorsement,Special,endorsement,Restrictive,endorsement,Conditional,endorsement,Specimen,Jack,Smith,Pay,David,Horn,Jack,Smith,Pay,David,Horn,not,transferable,-1,Pay,Bank,for,collection,of,the,bill,-2,Pay,David,Horn,after,the,goods,arrive,Jack,Smith,(3),Presentment,(提示),(4),Acceptance,(承兑),(5),Payment,(付款),(6),Dishonor,(退票),Example,of,general,acceptance:,Accepted,(承兑字样),Jack,Smith,(承兑人签章),Sep.,20，2007,(承兑日期),Example,of,qualified,acceptance,:,Accepted,to,pay,at,on,另行指定付款地点或时间,Accepted,to,pay,%,of,the,face,value,仅承兑部分付款,Accepted,to,pay,provided,有条件付款,(7),Notice,of,dishonor,(退票通知),(8),Protest,(作成拒绝证书),Right,of,recourse,(追索权),(9),Acceptance,for,honor,(参加承兑),(10),Payment,for,honor,(参加付款),(11),Guarantee,(保证),(12),Discounting,(贴现),Classification,of,bill,of,exchange,(汇票种类),(1),According,to,drawer:,Bankers,draft,/,bank,draft,Traders,bill,/,trade,bill,(2),According,to,the,acceptor:,Traders,acceptance,bill,Bankers,acceptance,bill,(3),According,to,the,tenor:,Sight,bill,Term,bill,time,bill,tenor,bill,or,usance,bill,(4),According,to,whether,commercial,documents,are,attached,thereto:,Clean,bill,Documentary,bill,2.,3.,Promissory,Note,A,promissory,note,is,an,unconditional,promise,in,writing,made,by,one,person,(the,maker),to,another,(the,payee,or,the,holder),signed,by,the,maker,engaging,to,pay,on,demand,or,at,a,fixed,or,determinable,future,time,a,sum,certain,in,money,to,or,to,the,order,of,a,specified,person,or,bearer.,Essentials,to,a,promissory,note,(1),The,words,“promissory,note”,clearly,indicated;,(2),An,unconditional,promise,to,pay;,(3),Name,of,the,payee,or,his,order;,(4),Makers,signature;,(5),Place,and,the,date,of,issue;,(6),Period,of,payment;,(7),A,certain,amount,of,money;,(8),Place,of,payment.,Specimen,Promissory,Note,GBP60,000.00,London,Oct,22nd,2005,At,ninety,days,after,date,we,promise,to,pay,to,the,order,of,Moore,Cooper,Company,the,sum,of,sixty,thousand,sterling,pounds,only,for,value,received.,Payable,at,our,main,office,No.,Street,London,UK,Harvey,Furniture,Co.,Ltd,Jason,Clerk,General,Manager,Characteristics,of,a,promissory,note,(1),It,is,an,unconditional,promise,in,writing;,(2)The,basic,parties：the,maker,and,the,payee.,(3),There,is,no,need,to,accept,the,instrument.,In,all,cases,the,maker,is,the,primarily,liable,party.,(4),When,issued,a,promissory,note,has,one,original,note,only.,The,main,use,of,Promissory,Notes,Promissory,notes,issued,by,banks,for,remittance,Promissory,notes,issued,by,importers,to,grant,payments,made,in,installments,lasting,for,quite,long,periods,under,transactions,of,capital,goods,for,large,amount,of,money.,2.,4.,Check,A,check,is,an,unconditional,order,in,writing,addressed,by,the,customer,(the,drawer),to,a,bank,(the,drawee),signed,by,that,customer,authorizing,the,bank,to,pay,on,demand,a,specified,sum,of,money,to,or,to,the,order,of,a,named,person,or,to,bearer,(the,payee).,Essentials,to,a,check,(1),The,word,“check”,clearly,indicated;,(2),An,unconditional,order,in,writing;,(3),Name,of,the,paying,bank;,(4),Drawers,signature;,(5),Place,and,date,of,issue;,(6),Address,of,the,paying,bank;,(7),A,sum,certain,in,money;,(8),Name,of,the,payee.,Specimen,No.333888,Check,for,USD7,500.00,London,Feb,28th,2004,Midland,Bank,London,Pay,to,Philip,&,Sons,Company,or,order,the,sum,of,seven,thousand,and,five,hundred,US,dollars,only.,For,Eupa,Chemical,Material,Co.,Ltd,(Signature),Characteristics,of,a,check,(1),A,check,must,be,unconditional;,(2),A,check,must,be,drawn,on,a,bank;,(3),A,sum,certain,in,money;,(4),A,check,must,be,signed,by,the,drawer，and,the,drawer,is,the,party,primarily,liable;,(5),A,check,need,not,be,accepted;,(6),A,check,is,payable,only,on,demand;,(7),A,check,is,drawn,only,in,form,of,a,sole,instrument,but,not,in,a,full,set.,Classifications,of,checks,(1),Crossed,checks,General,crossing,Special,crossing,Specimen,_,_,&,Co.,_,not,negotiable,_,A/C,payee,not,negotiable,_,A/C,payee,Specimen,_,Bank,_,Bank,A/C,payee,_,Bank,not,negotiable,(2),Open,check,(3),Certified,check,(4),Bankers,check,(5),Check,payable,to,order,(6),Check,payable,to,bearer,Thinking,over,the,following,questions：,What,are,the,essentials,of,a,draftp-,notecheck?,What,is,meant,by,a,documentary,bill?,What,are,the,conditions,for,one,being,qualified,as,a,holder,in,due,course?,What,is,meant,by,qualified,acceptance,?,How,many,immediate,parties,are,there,in,a,draftpromissory,note?,What,are,they?,What,is,the,important,difference,between,the,bill,of,exchange,and,the,promissory,note?,Please,tell,the,conditions,for,paying,banks,honour,cheques.,Which,details,must,be,checked,before,debiting,a,cheque,from,the,customers,account?,Please,tell,the,difference,between,crossed,cheque,and,open,cheque.,Topic,3,Methods,of,settlement,Remittance,&,Collection,(汇款与托收),Key,factors,to,determine,the,payment,method:,The,business,relationship,between,the,seller,and,the,buyer;,The,nature,of,the,merchandise;,Industry,norms;,The,distance,between,the,buyer,and,the,seller;,The,potential,for,currency,fluctuation,Political,and,economic,stability,in,both,the,buyer,and,the,sellers,country.,3.,1.,Remittance,Remittance,means,the,cross-border,direct,transfer,of,funds,by,banks.,The,remitting,bank,pays,a,predetermined,amount,on,the,request,of,remitter,(obligor/importer),through,the,foreign,correspondent,bank,or,agent,bank,(paying,bank),to,payee/beneficiary,(obligee/,exporter),.,the,buyer,on,his,own,initiative,remits,money,to,the,seller,through,a,bank,.,Three,basic,ways,for,a,bank,to,transfer,funds,for,its,client,from,the,home,country,to,abroad.,mail,transfer,remittance,MT,信汇,telegraphic,transfer,TT,电汇,demand,draft.,DD,票汇,Remittance,by,airmail-,Mail,Transfer,(M/T),Remitter/importer,(1)Handing,over,application,and,fund,by,a,check,(2)Turning,back,the,stub,Remitting,bank,Payee/exporter,(4)Advising,(5),Signing,a,(6),receipt,Paying,(3)Posting,M/T,advice,(or,payment,order),Paying,bank,(7)Posting,Debit,memo,Remittance,by,cable,/,telex,/,SWIFT,-,Telegraphic,Transfer,(T/T),T/T,is,exactly,the,same,as,a,mail,transfer,except,that,instructions,from,the,remitting,bank,to,the,paying,bank,are,transmitted,by,cable,/,telex,/,SWIFT,instead,of,by,airmail.,SWIFT,(Society,for,Worldwide,Inter-bank,Financial,Telecommunication),is,a,Brussels-based,society,owned,by,member,banks,which,was,launched,in,May,1973.,SWIFT,is,computer-based,and,designed,to,promote,the,speedy,transfer,of,international,funds.,In,1991,it,connected,more,than,3,700,end-users.,Its,features,are:,(1),safety,(2),high,speed,(3),low,expense,and,(4),automation.,Remittance,by,bankers,demand,draft,(D/D),The,remitting,bank,at,the,request,of,the,client,draws,a,bankers,draft,on,its,overseas,branch,or,its,correspondent,abroad,ordering,the,latter,to,pay,on,demand,the,stated,amount,to,the,holder,of,the,draft.,It,is,often,used,when,the,client,wants,to,transfer,the,funds,to,his,beneficiary,himself.,Remitter,(2),Issuing,draft,(1),Application,and,fund,Remitting,bank,(3)Mailing,bank,draft,(4)Mailing the stub,(7)Debit,memo,Payee,(5),Handing,over,draft,(6)Verifying,and,paying,Paying,bank,Practice,of,remittance,in,trade,settlement：,(1),Payment,in,advance,The,importer,may,pay,the,exporter,at,some,agreed,stage,prior,to,dispatch/delivery,of,goods,by,using,any,of,the,following,means,of,remittance,through,banks:,M/T,T/T,D/D,SWIFT,message,or,an,international,money,order.,(2),Open,Account,(O/A),Open,account,business,is,also,called,payment,after,arrival,of,goods,under,which,the,exporter,sends,shipping,documents,to,the,buyer,who,remits,in,due,course,or,at,agreed,intervals,the,agreed,price,through,bank,by,M/T,T/T,or,D/D.,Conclusion:,These,two,methods,are,not,popularly,used,in,international,trade,settlement,because,of,the,risk,involved,for,either,the,importers,or,the,exporters.,Remittance,is,so,risky,that,it,is,incidentally,used,for,small,percentage,of,the,contract,and,commonly,used,to,pay,commissions,advertisements,and,miscellaneous,expenses.,3.,2.,Collection,Collection,means,the,mechanism,for,handling,financial,and,commercial,documents,by,banks,in,accordance,with,instruction,from,principal,in,order,to:,obtain,payment,and/or,acceptance;,deliver,documents,against,payment,and/or,against,acceptance,or,deliver,documents,on,other,terms,and,conditions.,Collection,is,a,settlement,type,of,reverse,remittance,on,commercial,credit,basis.,Four,main,parties,to,a,collection,transaction：,the,principal,(seller,/,exporter,/,drawer),the,remitting,bank,(principals,/,sellers,/,exporters,bank),the,collecting,or,presenting,bank,the,drawee,(buyer,/,importer),Types,of,Collection,：,(1),Clean,Collection,光票托收,Clean,collection,means,collection,of,financial,documents,not,accompanied,by,commercial,documents.,In,most,cases,the,financial,document,is,a,draft,only;,in,other,cases,it,may,be,a,check,promissory,not