高中语法定语从句讲解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,撸起袖子加油干心得体会_撸起袖子加油干心得纵观李合军总经理在集团公司机关收心会上的讲话，振奋人心，催人奋进，20 xx年集团公司以超强的举措推进提质增效、改革创新、转型升级，收获颇丰，广大干部职工建功新鲁泰的信心更足、干劲更大。2017年的奋斗目标更是鼓舞人心，激励斗志，释放出无限力量。我们 一定要撸起袖子加油干。“大家撸起袖子加油干”是动员令。任何工作的开展都要经过前期动员，这样才能激发斗志，形成克难攻坚的合力，金威水泥的建设也不例外。金威水泥是再建项目，在建设过程中我们肯定会遇到这样、那样的问题，面对的问题我们应该怎么办?“大家撸起袖子加油干”无疑就是最有力的动员令，面对问题，我们毫不畏惧，积极寻找最佳的解决方案，在大家的共同努力下，确保了金威水泥施工进度和施工质量，整个项目在建设过程中实现了20 xx年集团公司下达的各项任务目标。“大家撸起袖子加油干”是冲锋号，在金威水泥建设过程中涌现出大量的优秀员工，他们兢兢业业，毫无怨言，按时完成每一项工作，工作不完成他们加班加点在规定的时间完成，将该项目的建设当做自家的事，自己的事来干。甚至有的职工半年来没有休过一天班，以单位,Unit 4 Grammar,The Attributive Clause,定语从句,What is an attributive?(,何为定语？,),There is a,huge,cake,This is the,real,me,用于,修饰名词、代词,的句子成分为定语。,定语常由,形容词,或,形容词性短语,来充当。,What is an attributive clause?(,何为定语从句？),在主从复合句中，用于,充当主句的定语成分,(用于修饰某名词,代词或名词短语)的从句，称为定语从句(形容词性从句)。,There is a,cake,that is huge,.,This is,the part of me,that is real,.,Justin Bieber,is a famous,singer,.,+,He,sings the song,As long as you love me,in the album of,Believe,.,Justin Bieber is a famous singer,who,sings the song,As long as you love me,in the album of,Believe,.,He is a little,boy,.,He,is eating.,He is a little boy,who,is eating.,He is a popular,singer,.,His,song is popular among young people.,He is a popular singer,whose,song is popular among young people.,谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。,真正的友谊犹如健康的身体,失去时,方知其可贵。,Proverbs,Friendship is like health,the value of,which,is seldom known until it is lost.,He,who,laughs last,laughs best.,定语从句的结构,e.g.,Justin Bieber is,a famous singer,who,sings the song,Baby,.,先行词（可放入从句中充当一定成分）,定语从句（在先行词后；从句中常缺成分）,Do you know,the man,?,He,spoke just now.,Do you know the man,who spoke just now,?,关系词（引导定从；代替先行词；在从句中作一定成分）,I showed him,the letter,.,I received,it,this morning.,I showed him the letter,(which)I received this morning,.,引导定语从句的关联词有：,关系代词：,that,which,who,whom,whose,关系副词：,when,where,why,关系词的选择与,先行词的意思,，及,先行词在从句中充当的句子成分,决定。,引导定语从句的关系代词,that,即指人又指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。,which,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。,who,whom,指人,who,在从句中作主语或宾语,whom,作宾语。,whose,既指人又指物,在从句中作定语,表“某某的,”,。,that,which,whom,who,在定语从句中作,宾语,时,可省去。(动词+宾语；介词+宾语),介词+关系词,时，指物只能用which,指人只能用whom,Tips,whom,指人,在从句中作宾语，可省略。,e.g.Do you know the man,(,whom),we saw at the Beijing Hotel,?,The girl is from America.,I called,her,just now.,The girl,(whom),I called just now,is from America.,1.that,在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。,1)A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,2)The noodles,that,I cooked were delicious.,3)Lets ask the man,that,is reading the,book over there.,4)The girl,that,we saw yesterday is Jims,sister.,(,主语,),(,宾语,),(,主语,),(,宾语,),定语从句三要素：先行词，关系词，先行词,/,关系词 在从句中充当的句子成分。,哪几个,that,可省略？3、4句还可用什么关系词？,2.,Which,在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。,They planted the trees,which,didnt,need much water.,2)The fish,which,we bought were not,fresh.,3.,who,whom,在从句中分别作主语和,宾语,(,口语中,who,也可作宾语,),。,The foreigner,who,visited our school,yesterday is from Canada.,(,主语,),(,宾语,),(,主语,),2)The boy,who,broke the window is called,Michael.,3)The person to,whom,you just talked is Mr.,Li.,=The person,whom/who,you just talked to,is Mr.Li.,4)Mr.Read is the professor to,whom,you should write.,(,主语,),(,宾语,),（宾,语,),4.,whose,在从句中作定语，指人或物。,Miss Flower is the teacher,whose,house,caught fire last week,.,2)This is the boy,whose,composition the teacher talked of.,This is the boy.,The teacher talked of his composition.,3)This is the book,whose,cover is blue.,3.The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.,Fill in the blanks with who,whom,that,which or whose.,1.The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.,2.We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.,that/which,that/who,which/that,Practice 1,5.Harry is the boy _ mother,is our maths teacher.,whose,4.The person to_ you just talked is Mr.Li.,whom,将下面的两个句子合并成一个句子,The reason was very simple.,The local policeman explained the reason.,The reason that/which the local policeman explained was very simple.,Tommy is our monitor.,His vocabulary is very large.,Tommy whose vocabulary is very large is our monitor.,The little girl is my niece.,I walked my dog with my niece.,The little girl,whom/that/who,I walked my dog,with,is my niece.,The little girl,with whom,I walked my dog is my niece.,Practice 2,Translation,1.他就是住在隔壁的医生。,He is the doctor who/that lives next door.,2.请把那本绿皮的书传给我。,Please pass me the book whose cover is green.,3.穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来很多欢乐。,The river which/that runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.,Practice 3,that,和,which,在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用,that,而不用,which,。,I am sure she has,something,(that),you can borrow.,先行词本身为,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much,all,none,some,等不定代词时。,Note,This is,the,first,book,(that),he has read.,This is,the,very,book,that,belongs to him.,(3),先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4),先行词被,the only,the very,the same,the last,修饰时。,Ive read,all,the books,that,are not mine.,(2),先行词被,all,every,any,no,some,few,little,much,等修饰时。,(5)先行词不止一个，既有人，又有物，用that。,He mentioned the,people and things,that he saw in his trip.,(6)先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词。,Which,is the T-shirt that fits me most？,Who,is the girl that you spoke to just now?,(7)主句是there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that,There is,a book on the desk that belongs to my sister.,(,8,),当先行词,time,与序数词连用，表示“次数”时，定语从句关系代词用,that.,This is,the second time,that,Mr.White has visited the Great Wall.,The boss,whose company,my father worked,in,is a very kind person.,关系代词,whose,还可以在从句中,与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。,Note,The boss,in,whose company,my father worked is a very kind person.,1.当先行词是he,she 等人称代词，以及one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those 等,指人,时一般用who,不用that.(若指物，则用which),Those,who want to go to the cinema will have,to wait at the gate of the school.,What is,that,which is shining in the room?,2.,关系代词在从句中作表语时,用,that,不用,who,。,She is not the girl,that,she used to be.,Note,Complete the following sentences with,that,which,who or whose,.Then translate them into Chinese orally.,1.Here are my neighbours _home was,destroyed by earthquake.,2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up,all,the people _were asleep.,3.The next day people put up shelters in the,open air made with,anything,_ they,could find.,whose,that/,who,(that),4.Several days later,most of,the buildings,_had been damaged were repaired.,5.This frightened boy _ mother were lost,in the disaster is looking for her now.,6.We went to see our teacher_,husband lost his life in the earthquake.,7.“Is this the young man _ saved several,people trapped under buildings?”she asked.,8.A number of children _parents had,died in the quake were sent to live with families,in the other cities.,that/which,whose,whose,whose,who,/that,关系代词,as,as 引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。,常用句型：,asas,such+名词+as.像.一样的,the same+名词+as.和.同样的,As,we all know,Lei Feng is a warm-hearted man.,We have found,such,materials,as,are used in their factory.(主语),我们已经找到了他们工厂里用的那种材料。,He is not,the same,man,as,he was.,他和过去不同了。（表语）,such.as.,引导的定语从句,&such.that.,引导的状语从句,This is,such,a heavy stone,that,nobody can carry,it,.,结果状语从句，从句中的句子成分完整。,This is,such,a heavy stone,as,nobody can carry.,定语从句，从句中缺少句子成分,-,宾语。,the same that&the same as,This is,the same,train,that,I rode on yesterday.,这就是我昨天坐过的那辆火车。,This is,the same,train,as,I rode on yesterday.,这辆火车像我昨天坐过的那辆一样。,表同种类的事物,表同一件事物,Thank You!,关系副词relative adverbs,关系代词：,在从句中作 主语，宾语，定语和表语,关系副词：,在从句中作 时间、地点、原因,状语,when：作 时间状语,where：作 地点状语,why：作 原因状语,This is,the factory,I worked ten years ago.,This is the factory.,I worked,in the factory,ten years ago.,先行词：,the factory，,与介词in一起放入从句中作状语,从句部分：,I worked ten years ago.,关系词：,where,1.作连词，引导定语从句,2.代替先行词，在从句中充当,状语,成分,3.关系副词=介词+关系代词,This is,the factory,in which,I worked ten years ago.,凡是先行词放入从句当中，需加介词的，,该结构（介词+先行词）,在从句中都是充当状语成分，关系词都应使用,关系副词,，或,介词+关系代词,。,where,The school is near a park.My son studies in this school.,The school,where,my son studies,is near a park.,=The school,in which,my son studies,is near a park.,关系副词,where,We visited the house.LuXun once lived in the house.,We visited the house,where,LuXun once lived.,=We visited the house,in which,Lusun once lived.,where,引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词，并在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“,in/at/on+which”,。,Theyll never forget July 1.,Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1.,Theyll never forget July 1,when,Hong Kong returned to its motherland.,=Theyll never forget July 1,on which,Hong Kong returned,to its motherland.,关系副词,when,Ill never forget the day.,I joined the league on that day.,Ill never forget,the day,when,I joined the league,.,Ill never forget,the day,on which,I joined the league,.,when,引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“,in/at/on/during+which”,。,There are many reasons.,People like traveling for these reasons.,There are,many reasons,why,people like traveling.,There are,many reasons,for which,people like traveling.,关系副词,why,why,引导的定语从句修饰表示原因的名词，并在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“,for+which”,。,在口语中,关系副词,why,有时可以省略。,That is the reason,(why/for which),I did it.,总结,关系副词:where,when,why,时间 when=in/at/on/during which,地点 where=at/in/on which,原因 why=for which,“when”,means,“at that time”,“where”,means,“at that place”,“why”,is used after the word,“reason”.,Practice 1,1.Do the exercise 2 on page 37.,2.Change the relative adverbs into the structure of“prep+relative nouns”.,a.,This is,the place,where,he works.,This is,the place,(,which/that),we visited last year.,b.That was,the time,when,he arrived.,Do you still remember,the time,(,that/,which),we spent together?,Notes:,关系副词与关系代词的区别,c.This is,the reason,why/for which,he went.,The reason,that(which),he gave us was quite reasonable.,1.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.that B.where C.which D.the one,2.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A.That B.where C.which D.the one,Exercise,B,D,3.I shall never forget those years _ I,live in the farm _ you visited last week.,A.when;where B.which;which,C.when;which D.which;where,4.Do you know the reason _ he was late?,A.for which B.for what,C.which D.that,C,A,5.May the fourth is the day _ we,Chinese people will never forget.,A.which B.when,C.on which D.about which,6.Is that the reason _ you are in,favor of the proposal?,A.which B.what,C.why D.for that,A,C,“介词+关系代词”介词的选择,1.与从句中谓语动词的搭配相关,This is the book,on which,I,spent,10 yuan.,This is the book,for which,I,paid,10 yuan.,2.与先行词的搭配相关,I will never forget,the time,during which,I spent my childhood in the country.,3.与所表达的意义相关,The colorless,gas,without which,we can not live is called oxygen.,不可拆开的“动词+介词”短语：,look for,look after,call on,等。,Tip 1,whose=of+关系代词(which/whom),They live in a house,whose door,opens to the south.,=They lived in a house,of which,the,door,opens to the south.,=They lived in a house,the,door of,which,faces the south.,Tip 2,We went to see our teacher,whose,husband lost his life in the earthquake.,=We went to see our teacher,of whom,the,husband lost his life in the earthquake.,=We went to see our teacher,the husband,of whom,lost his life in the earthquake.,the way 作为先行词时的特殊用法,全程设计P77,This is a good way,in which,the problem can be solved.,=This is a good way,that,the problem can be solved.,=This is a good way the problem can be solved.,(不用引导词),这是解决问题的好方法。,Tip 3,situation(情景),case（实例）,point（阶段）,Internet,stage（阶段）,等表抽象“地点”的名词作先行词时,关系副词选择,where,The,Internet,where,we can search for a large amount of information,has become an indispensable part of many peoples life.,Tip 4,occasion(,时机，场合,),作为先行词时，关系副词选择,when,Social parties are the,occasions,when,people can develop their interpersonal relationship.,限定性定语从句&非限定性定语从句,We walked down the village street,where they were having market day.,Do you remember the girl who taught us English?,1.在句中作用，即主句与从句的关系密切程度不同。,2.外在表现形式不同。,，,3.先行词的位置不同。（,是否紧靠关系词？,）,4.非限制定从，可以是整个主句作为先行项，用which引导。,5.非限定从中，关系词,不得用that,。,6.非限定从中，关系词作宾语也,不得省略,。,7.非限定从中，who 不可代替whom 引导作宾语的关系代词。,Tip 5,as&which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别,as,which都可引导非限制性定语从句，均可指代整个句子的内容，但所处位置不同。,(1)“as+从句”可置于主句前，主句后，甚至句中。,常用结构有：as we all know；as is(well)known to all；as can be seen;as has been said before,as was mentioned above;as is often the case,As everyone knows,the moon moves around the earth.,Lei Feng is a warm-hearted person,as is known to all.,(2)“which+从句”只可置于主句后。,A group of German exchange students have come to visit our school,which,makes everyone here excited or curious.,Practice 2,全程设计P77，第1题。,1.The person _ you,should write to is Mr.Ball.,2.The person to _ you should write,is Mr.Ball.,3.The games _ he competed in,were swimming and shooting.,4.The games in _ he competed were,swimming and shooting.,who/that/whom,whom,which/that,which,Complete the following sentences using attributive clauses.,5.October 1,1949 is the day,_we will never forget.,6.Is this the shop _ sells,childrens clothing?,7.His parents wouldnt let him marry,anyone _ family was poor.,8.The pen _ he is writing,now was bought yesterday.,with,which,that/which,which/that,whose,9.He is the man _ you can,turn for help.,10.This is the tree under _ we,used to play games.,11.The farm _ we worked ten,years ago isnt what is used to be.,12.A biologist is a man _ has,a great knowledge of biology.,to whom,which,where/on which,who,/that,13.The poor boy _ lost both,his parents last year lives with his,grandfather.,14.This is the factory _,he worked ten years ago.,15.This is the factory _,makes toys.,16.He is the boy _ family was poor.,who/that,where/in which,whose,which/that,Ill never forget the days,_ we,worked,together.,2.Ill never forget the days _,_ we,spent,together.,3.I went to the place _,I,worked,ten years ago.,when/in which,which,where/in which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,4.I went to the place _,I,visited,ten years ago.,5.This is the reason _,he was late.,6.This is the reason _,_ he,gave,.,which,why/for which,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,1.We are just to reach a point _both,sides will sit down together and talk.,(2007 山东),A.where B.that C.when D.which,解析:A,本句中先行词a point=a stage in,sths development 表发展的阶段、地步,为抽象地点，故选关系副词where 引导,定语从句。,真题解析,2.In the dark street there wasnt a single,person _ she could turn for help.,A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom,解析:答案为 D,介词 to 和定语从句中的,turn 构成固定搭配 turn to sb.for help。,3.In the office I never seem to have time,until after 5:30pm _ many people have,got home.,A.whose time B.that,C.on which D.by which,解析:答案为 D,根据句意“到下午 5:30,时，许多人已经到家了”，且定语从句中又,用了完成时，故应用介词 by。,4.The film brought the hours back to me,_ I was taken good care of in that,far-away village.,A.until B.that C.when D.where,解析:C,本题考察定语从句，主句中的,先行词the hours被其它成分分割，只要,考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难,得出答案，the hours表示时间，所以应该,选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即when。,1.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.that B.where C.which D.the one,2.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A.That B.where C.which D.the one,Exercise,B,D,3.I shall never forget those years _ I,live in the farm _ you visited last week.,A.when;where B.which;which,C.when;which D.which;where,4.Do you know the reason _ he was late?,A.for which B.for what,C.which D.that,C,A,5.May the fourth is the day _ we,Chinese people will never forget.,A.which B.when,C.on which D.about which,6.Is that the reason _ you are in,favor of the proposal?,A.which B.what,C.why D.for that,A,C,7.I like the second football match _ was held last week.A.which B.who C.that D./,8.I will never forget the day _ we studied tog