PostgreSQL-Linux-安装及使用-简易手册.doc

PostgreSQL Linux 安装及使用，简易手册

一，配置方法：

1 ，首先下载任意版本的PostgreSQL For Linux X86_64

wget

2 ，文本模式安装

[root@ ~]# ./postgresql-8.4.1-1-linux-x64.bin –mode text
—————————————————————————-
Welcome to the PostgreSQL Setup Wizard.
—————————————————————————-
Please specify the directory where PostgreSQL will be installed.
Installation Directory [/opt/PostgreSQL/8.4]: /home/PostgreSQL/8.4
—————————————————————————-
Please select a directory under which to store your data.
Data Directory [/home/PostgreSQL/8.4/data]:
—————————————————————————-
Please provide a password for the database superuser (postgres). A locked Unix user account (postgres) will be created if not present.
Password :[ 输入密码]
Retype password :[ 重复输入哦]
—————————————————————————-
Please select the port number the server should listen on.
Port [5432]:[ 默认端口，那就回车]
[616] yi_US
[617] yi_US.utf8
[618] zh_CN
[619] zh_CN.utf8
[620] zh_HK
[621] zh_HK.utf8
[622] zh_SG
[623] zh_SG.utf8
[624] zh_TW
[625] zh_TW.euctw
[626] zh_TW.utf8
[627] zu_ZA
[628] zu_ZA.iso88591
[629] zu_ZA.utf8
Please choose an option [1] :619[ 默认字符集]
Install pl/pgsql in template1 database? [Y/n]: n[是否安装模板库]
—————————————————————————-
Setup is now ready to begin installing PostgreSQL on your computer.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]: y[ 是否继续安装]
—————————————————————————-
Please wait while Setup installs PostgreSQL on your computer.
Installing
0% ______________ 50% ______________ 100%
########################################
—————————————————————————-
Setup has finished installing PostgreSQL on your computer.
Launch Stack Builder at exit?
Stack Builder may be used to download and install additional tools, drivers and applications to complement your PostgreSQL installation. [Y/n]: y

3 ，以下是配置用户，环境变量，乱七八糟后就会成功

[root@ ~]# cp .bash_profile .bashrc /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/
cp: overwrite `/home/PostgreSQL/8.4/.bash_profile’? y
cp: overwrite `/home/PostgreSQL/8.4/.bashrc’? y
[root@ ~]# chown -R postgres.postgres /home/PostgreSQL/*
[root@ ~]# ls -ltr /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/.bash*
-rw-r–r– 1 postgres postgres 174 Nov 10 19:18 /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/.bash_profile
-rw-r–r– 1 postgres postgres 176 Nov 10 19:18 /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/.bashrc
[root@ ~]# su – postgres

4, 初始化数据库完毕，类似于MySQL的installdb

[root@ data]$ initdb -D /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/data/
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale en_US.
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to LATIN1.
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
fixing permissions on existing directory /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/data … ok
creating subdirectories … ok
selecting default max_connections … 100
selecting default shared_buffers … 32MB
creating configuration files … ok
creating template1 database in /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/data/base/1 … o
initializing pg_authid … ok
initializing dependencies … ok
creating system views … ok
loading system objects’ descriptions … ok
creating conversions … ok
creating dictionaries … ok
setting privileges on built-in objects … ok
creating information schema … ok
vacuuming database template1 … ok
copying template1 to template0 … ok
copying template1 to postgres … ok
WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the -A option the
next time you run initdb.
Success. You can now start the database server using:
postgres -D /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/data
or
pg_ctl -D /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/data -l logfile start
[root@ data]$

5, 启动PostgreSQL Server 后台服务

[root@ data]$ pg_ctl -D /home/PostgreSQL/8.4/data -l logfile start
server starting
[root@ data]$

二，使用方法

[root@ data]$ psql
psql (8.4.1)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#
[root@ bin]$ ./createdb imdba
[root@ bin]$ psql imdba
psql (8.4.1)
Type "help" for help.
imdba=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collation | Ctype | Access privileges
———–+———-+———-+———–+——-+———————–
imdba | postgres | LATIN1 | en_US | en_US |
postgres | postgres | LATIN1 | en_US | en_US |
template0 | postgres | LATIN1 | en_US | en_US | =c/postgres : postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | LATIN1 | en_US | en_US | =c/postgres : postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)
imdba=#
imdba=# \c postgres
psql (8.4.1)
You are now connected to database "postgres".
postgres=# \c imdba
psql (8.4.1)
You are now connected to database "imdba".
imdba=# create table imdba(id int4,name char(16));
CREATE TABLE
imdba=# drop table imdba;
DROP TABLE
imdba=# create table t_imdba(id int4,name char(16));
CREATE TABLE
imdba=# \d t_imdba
Table "public.t_imdba"
Column | Type | Modifiers
——–+—————+———–
id | integer |
name | character(16) |

imdba=# select * from t_imdba;
id | name
—-+——————
1 | imdba
2 | imdba
3 | imdba
(3 rows)
imdba=# create index idx_t_imdba on t_imdba(id);
CREATE INDEX
imdba=# \di
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table
——–+————-+——-+———-+———
public | idx_t_imdba | index | postgres | t_imdba
(1 row)

imdba=# insert into t_imdba values(2,’imdba’);
INSERT 0 1
imdba=# insert into t_imdba values(2,’imdba’);
INSERT 0 1
imdba=# insert into t_imdba values(2,’imdba’);
INSERT 0 1
imdba=# insert into t_imdba values(2,’imdba’);
INSERT 0 1
imdba=# insert into t_imdba values(2,’imdba’);
INSERT 0 1
imdba=# insert into t_imdba values(2,’imdba’);
INSERT 0 1
imdba=# select * from t_imdba;
id | name
—-+——————
1 | imdba
2 | imdba
3 | imdba
2 | imdba
2 | imdba
2 | imdba
2 | imdba
2 | imdba
2 | imdba
(9 rows)

imdba=# \q

1 ，备份数据库

[@tc_10.11.54.21_cnc bin]$ pg_dump
pg_dump pg_dumpall
[root@ bin]$ pg_dump imdba >imdba.pgsql
[root@ bin]$ more imdba.pgsql
–
– PostgreSQL database dump
–
SET statement_timeout = 0;
SET client_encoding = ‘LATIN1′;
SET standard_conforming_strings = off;
SET check_function_bodies = false;
SET client_min_messages = warning;
SET escape_string_warning = off;
SET search_path = public, pg_catalog;
SET default_tablespace = ”;
SET default_with_oids = false;
–
– Name: t_imdba; Type: TABLE; Schema: public; Owner: postgres; Tablespace:
–
CREATE TABLE t_imdba (
id integer,
name character(16)
);
ALTER TABLE public.t_imdba OWNER TO postgres;
–
– Data for Name: t_imdba; Type: TABLE DATA; Schema: public; Owner: postgres
–
COPY t_imdba (id, name) FROM stdin;
1 imdba
2 imdba
3 imdba
2 imdba
2 imdba
2 imdba
2 imdba
2 imdba
2 imdba
\.
–
– Name: idx_t_imdba; Type: INDEX; Schema: public; Owner: postgres; Tablespace:
–

CREATE INDEX idx_t_imdba ON t_imdba USING btree (id);
–
– Name: public; Type: ACL; Schema: -; Owner: postgres
–
REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM PUBLIC;
REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM postgres;
GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO postgres;
GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO PUBLIC;
–
– PostgreSQL database dump complete
–

2 ，恢复数据库

[root@ bin]$ dropdb imdba
[root@ bin]$ psql imdba < imdba.pgsql
[root@ bin]$ ./createdb imdba
[root@ bin]$ psql imdba < imdba.pgsql
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
SET
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE INDEX
REVOKE
REVOKE
GRANT
GRANT

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