英语II(1)期末复习练习(5)写作.doc

英语II（1）期末复习 --- 写作练习题
深圳电大 苏曼华
写作部分占试卷总分的20%，考试建议时间是30分钟。在做这道题的时候，首先，要根据内容提示进行构思，并围绕提示语言进行拓展，不能离题。要尽量结合自己的生活和工作，如有可能应举出一至两个例子，这样才能做到言之有物。其次，要注意表达的条理分明、符合一般逻辑，切忌随意拼凑，影响短文的连贯性。在这一点上，应多用些连接词，表示句子乃至段落的逻辑关系。再次，从语言的角度看，多用简单结构（简单句），少用复杂结构（复合句），也就是说力求简单扼要，尽量避免由于套用复杂结构而导致语法错误的增多。最后，在完成初稿之后，一定要从语法、用词、拼写、乃至大小写、标点符号等方面认真检查，尤其要注意中国学生常见的错误。比如，逗号的滥用（习惯性用逗号连接句子等）以及动词的时态、主谓的一致、名词的单复数、代词的格、语态等等看似简单但又是很常见的错误要特别留意，用词方面则尽量用简单的常用词，避免用偏僻词汇等。
从体裁上讲，常见应用文包括信函、电子邮件、便条、明信片、通知等。在写应用文的时候，除了上述一些具有共性的问题外，还要注意格式方面的要求。比如，英语的信函格式跟汉语信函的格式就有很大不同。另外，要掌握并能正确使用一些常见的套语（如信首I’m writing to…，信末Look forward to your reply，及敬语或问候语yours sincerely, yours faithfully, love, best wishes, kind regards, all the best等）。电子邮件、便条、明信片等与普通的私人信函是很相似的，稍加注意就能正确掌握。从交际功能上讲，应用文往往是为了表达某一个（些）交际功能的，比如“答谢”、“发出/接受/拒绝邀请”、“提出请求/建议/忠告”、“告知”等等，因此，在备考的时候掌握一些相应的常用表达方式也会有所帮助的。
叙述文其实就是讲述所发生的事，从体裁结构上讲，可以根据事件实际发生的先后顺序进行讲述，也可以倒叙或插叙。一般来说，考生只要能按照事件发生的自然顺序进行讲述就行了。在讲述故事时，要注意细节的主次分明，切忌过分纠缠于没有直接关联甚至是无关的细节，以免离题或喧宾夺主。另一方面，可适当使用一些表示事件发生的先后顺序的词语，使讲述更有条理，如first, second, third, next, then, after that, finally等；也可以通过明确的时间表示，如in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening以及in 1990, in 1993, in 2000, last week, yesterday等。
说明文目的是为了讲清事实和道理，因此往往会借助一些写作策略提高陈述的逻辑性,如分类法、定义法、对比和对照、因果分析、举例说明等，这时也要学会通过适当的词汇手段点明句与句之间的逻辑关系。比如，first, second, third等表示分类；on the one hand, on the other hand, however, yet, but等表示对比和对照；so, therefor, because等表示因果分析；
for example 等表示举例说明。
议论文则是针对某一观点阐述自己的看法，并且通过摆事实、讲道理说明自己看法的依据是什么。由此可见，分类法、定义法、对比和对照、因果分析、举例说明等写作策略也经常被应用于议论文的写作中。从体裁结构上讲，可以同时摆出某一问题的正反两方面的意见，然后在综合考虑正反意见之后提出自己的看法，也可以直接陈述你所赞同或反对的一方的意见，表明你的态度。
写作技能的掌握不是一朝一夕的事情，因此平时要注意打好语言基础，掌握有关主题的词汇和基本语法，尽可能背颂一些短文，多阅读培养语感，并且还要多练笔，这样才能真正提高英语写作水平。

以下是期末考试的写作练习题，请反复练习前十套作文题。
1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an email to tell your American friend a day in your life. You should write at least 80 words and base your email on the Chinese outline below:
1) 日常生活 2) 主要工作（职业活动） 3）社交生活
2. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to a new friend, telling him/her about your ambitions and dreams. You should write at least 80 words and base your letter on the Chinese outline below:
1) 童年的梦想 2) 目前的情况 3）对未来的希望
3. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a criminal story. You should write at least 80 words and base your story on the Chinese outline below:
1) 事件发生的时间和地点 2) 人物 3）事件的经过
4. Directions: For this part, you are to write a short passage to express your views on a given topic. You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below:
1) 自主（autonomous）学习与远程教育
2) 自主学习与合作（collaborative）学习
3) 你自己的学习情况
5. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to defend your views on a given topic. You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below:
1) 有一种观点认为：城市生活比乡村生活好
2) 你对这种观点的看法
3) 你的结论
6. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to state your views on the topic: How to keep healthy. You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below:
1) 保持身体健康的重要性
2) 保持身体健康的方法
3) 重申保持身体健康的意义
7. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to state your views on the topic: My favorite means of transportation. You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below:
1) 哪一种是你最喜欢的交通方式 2) 阐述你的理由 3) 作出结论
8. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage on the topic: My home. You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below:
1) 描述你家的位置 2) 各个房间的功能 3）表达你对你们家居条件的态度
9. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to state your views on the topic: My favorite TV programme. You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below:
1) 你最喜欢的电视节目是什么 2) 你喜欢它的理由 3）作出结论
10. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a passage to state your views on the topic: My ideal job. You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below:
1) 你理想的工作是什么 2) 你的理由 3）如何实现你的理想
11. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a story about what happened to you or to someone else. You should write at least 80 words and base your story on the Chinese outline below:
1) 事件发生的时间和地点 2) 人物 3）事件的经过
12. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short passage to express your views on a given topic. You should write at least 80 words and base your writing on the Chinese outline below:
1) 远程学习的对象 2) 远程学习的好处 3）你自己的学习情况
13. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter of invitation. You should write at least 80 words and base your letter on the Chinese outline below:
1) 我的计划 2) 邀请的原因 3）请邀请你的朋友或家人参加
14. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter of application. You should write at least 80 words and base your letter on the Chinese outline below:
1) 获悉招聘信息的来源 2) 个人简历
15. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter of complaint. You should write at least 80 words and base your letter on the Chinese outline below:
1) 投诉的主要原因
2) 详细介绍产品的质量或售后服务问题
3) 要求立刻回复

参考范文
1. Dear Bob,
I’m writing to tell you something about my daily life in this email and hope you will find it interesting.
I usually get up early and go to work at 8 o’clock. I have lunch in the office. And I come back home at six. As a secretary, I deal with phone calls, emails and faxes during work hours. I also do the paper work for the manager.
After work, I like to do shopping with friends or watch TV at home. Sometimes, I also like to chat on the Internet.
How about your life in America? I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Best regards,
Michelle
2. 1st August 2005
Dear Jennifer,
Thank you for telling me about yourself. I’d like to let you know more about me too.
As a child, I wanted to be a detective. I thought a detective was really great because he could solve criminal cases to do justice. But my dream never came true. I’m now a librerian, dealing with books every day. The work is nothing thrilling, but I like it. Since there are more and more electronic materials, I hope that we will have an e-library built soon.
Looking forward to hearing from you again.
Best wishes,
Ian
3. One day last week, a girl parked her car outside a fashion house. As soon as she was inside, two men opened the car door, started the engine and drove away in just one minute. When the girl recovered from the shock, she called 110. Luckily, there was a police patrol car nearby. So the girl got in the police car and they drove in the direction where the thieves escaped. Twenty minutes later, they found the car waiting at a busy crossroad for the traffic lights to turn green. Needless to say, the car thieves were caught red-handed.
4. Autonomous learning is an important learning style in distance education. It is an essential skill for distance learners because they study alone most of the time. They do not meet their tutors or classmates very often. However, distance learners can learn a lot from each other. So autonomous learning and collaborative learning go hand in hand. I am a distance learner. I have to do most learning tasks by myself. Meanwhile we have group activities every two weeks to complete some learning tasks or share experiences. I have found both forms of learning very helpful.
5. Some people believe that town life is better than country life. I don’t agree with them. Town life can be convenient to us in many aspects. For example, you can move around easily. Shopping can be more fun in a big shopping mall and you can enjoy a more colorful nightlife. But there are also many disadvantages. It is much noisier than in the country. Air pollution is more serious. It is not easy to park your car. It costs more to live in town. Therefore, I think country life is better than town life , and I prefer country life.
6. Nowadays, more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy. Without a healthy body, we can do nothing. For me, there are three main ways to keep healthy.
First, it is necessary to keep a balanced diet, which is the basis of good health. It is better for us to have more fruit and vegetables everyday. Secondly, it is important to take regular exercises, such as swimming, jogging and so on. Last but not least, it’s essential to keep in a good mood. Relaxation and entertainment are ways to renew our spirits and release our stress.
When we make healthy habits a part of our everyday life, we are bound to keep healthy.
7. In a modern city, there are many means of transportation, such as subway, taxi, bus and so on. But my favorite means of transportation is by bike.
First, riding a bike is good for keeping healthy. I spend one hour riding a bike to my office on my working day, and I think it is a good form of physical exercise. Secondly, it is money-saving. Recently, the private car drivers always complain the price of gas is higher and higher, but if you ride a bike, it will cost you nothing. Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment, so it is a “green” form of transportation.
Therefore, although it has some disadvantages, I like riding a bike best.
8. My home is a newly-built house in the north of the city. We have three rooms in addition to the kitchen and bathroom. The first room is the main room or living room. It is for having meals, relaxing, reading, watching television and so on. It is the busiest room in the house. The second room is my daughter’s bedroom. She sleeps and dresses there. The third room belongs to my wife and me. It seems quite spacious because we have little furniture. We sleep, prepare lessons and generally relax there. I think my home is cozy and I like my home.
9. CCTV today offers a great variety of programmes to meet different needs and tastes, such as the weather forecast, serials, films, sports and so on. My favorite TV programme, however, is the news.
There are several points that are worth mentioning. For one thing, it covers news about important events both at home and abroad. Besides, the news it provides is timely and reliable. Finally, it broadcasts in the evening during the so-called “golden time”. It saves me much time reading through newspapers for current affairs.
In short, watching the news on CCTV has become part of my daily life.
10. 范文(1) Everyone has his own idea about their ideal job. Some want to be doctors, some want to be teachers, and some want to be engineers. My ideal job is to be a teacher.
Firstly, I like children very much, I would like to sing, to dance, and to play with them. Secondly, a teacher has two vacations. I can enjoy myself during the summer and winter holidays. Finally, I want to teach the students all that I know and help them to develop their potential so that they can work better for our country in the future.
In order to be a good teacher, I will study hard not only in class, but also in daily life. I will train my patience, improve my handwriting, and enrich my knowledge. In a word, I will study harder than ever to prepare for my future teaching job.
范文(1) Everybody has his dream for his career in the future. He or she might want to be a teacher, a doctor, a scientist, a sportsperson and so on. To tell you the truth, my ideal job is in business. The idea came into being when I was a child.
With the development of market economy, there are many prosperous opportunities in business. I like reading stories about some successful businessmen such as Bill Gates, Li Jiacheng, etc. I believe I will be a man like them some day.
Now, I am majoring in Computering. I must study hard to get myself qualified for my future job.
11. One morning last week, I ate breakfast in a small restaurant not far from my school. Unfortunately, I found that I did not have any money with me. I had forgotten my wallet at home. I tried to explain this to the manager of the restaurant, but he did not believe me and wanted to call the police. I tried to call my wife, but she was not at home. Just then, I saw a fromer classmate walking past the restaurant, and I asked him to pay for my breakfast.
12. Distance learning is for those who cannot study full time for some reasons. Many of them have a job, and some have to take care of a family. But they can study and meanwhile work or do other things. They can study with the help of a tutor and contact the tutor or other learners when having difficulties. They can study at any time and anywhere. For example, I work in a company during the day, but I am taking a course in law in the evening. I find distance learning is suitable for me.
13. Dear Li Hua,
I had such a good time in your hometown during the Spring Festival and I want to play hostess this time.
I have a vacation for two weeks next winter. I’d like to go to Guilin with my family. Could you come over to my home and join us? We can join the package tour to Guilin, where we have nevr been, to see the natural beauty.
How wonderful if you can come and bring your family along. I think we will be attracted by its “fairy tale-like” landscape.
Please let me know if you can go or not. I sincerely hope your decision will be in the affirmative.
With all my kindest wishes!
Yours,
Xiao Hong
14. Dear Sir/Madam,
I have learned from Shenzhen Daily that your company is looking for a secretary who is fluent in English. I would like to apply for the post.
I’ve been working as an English guide since I graduated from the English Department of Huazhong Normal University four years ago. I am very skillful in the use of Microsoft Word for word processing and can manage simple layout designs. I am seeking a position more challenging and with more opportunities than my current one. I think I am fit for the post.
I enclose a copy of my resume and would be pleased to provide any further information you may require.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
15. Dear Mr. White,
I am writing with reference to our order for 15 printers which we placed with you.
First, the printers did not arrive until two weeks after the agreed delivery date, causing us considerable inconvenience.