高考英语词法之名词考点笔记总结.pdf

1 高考英语词法之名词考点笔记总结高考英语词法之名词考点笔记总结 单选题 1、In the process of getting rid of racial _,the USA is left far behind.AdiscriminationBcompromiseCsubstituteDinvestigation 2、Thank goodness the lifeguard came to my _;otherwise,I might have drowned!AsenseBeffortCattentionDrescue 3、Is there anything else in _ that youd like to share with us?AparticularBpanicCeagernessDaddition 4、I have decided to take the entrance examinations to college.Wish you _.Aa luckBa good luckCluckDa success 5、We waited for them to give us the _ to move.AsymbolBsignalCsignDmark 6、The couples kindness gave me a deep _ and reminded me of the best things about Christmas.AimpressionBexpressionCdescriptionDcollection 7、As a _ who has left college for over half a year;Marry finds it challenging to get a good job after her _.Agraduate;graduatingBgraduation;graduating Cgraduation;graduate .Dgraduate;graduation 8、The _ also preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets whose owners hope they may one day return to life.AinstituteBinstanceCintensityDintention 2 9、The ability to keep calm is one of her many _.Owing to that,she was promoted to deal with the emergency.AbasesBchallengesCbenefitsDstrengths 10、I have a strong_ for country life because it brings me peace in mind.AbenefitBreliefCpreferenceDdefence 11、Many people make a sharp_ between humans and other animals.AbalanceBexaminationCdistinctionDconclusion 12、Linda wants to go abroad for further study after graduating from high school,but she needs to ask for her parents _.AmovementBprofessionCdestinationDpermission 13、Some department stores offer a 20%discount on food products six hours before the _ date on the product.ApackagingBexpirationCcomposition 14、The curious girl looked at the box_ and then she opened it out of _.Acurious,curiousBcuriously,curiosity Ccuriously,curiousDcuriosity,curiously 15、Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees,a great many _answered the call.AancestorsBapplicantsCoperatorsDboarders 16、The teacher often makes a(n)_ on how different the two boys are.AcommentBdecisionCimpressionDeffect 17、Last week his performance secured him the _ for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival.ArewardBprizeCawardDbonus 3 18、Linda gave us a vivid _ of her trip to Mount Lushan after her return.AdirectionBexplanationCimaginationDaccount 19、Mums“Little Bank”was used for sudden_,such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to be taken to a doctor.AemergenciesBproposalsCfunctionsDindividuality 20、From my hotel room window,I could see a large_ board with his face on it:Jason,the Great Magician.AamusementBadvertisementCmanuscriptDassignment 21、Finding time for both studies and extra-curricular activities is a big challenge,so I need to make a workable_.Athe timeBtimesCscheduleDschedules 22、The government has announced a new _ to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions.AadvisorBbudgetCinitiativeDperspective 23、“The next station is Bank!”comes the _.Thats my destination.AmovementBannouncementCtechniqueDdocumentary 24、I want you both to be on your best _ at Grandads.OK,we will,Mum.AopportunityBstruggleCbehaviorDpurpose 25、The earth is the planet _provides us with everything we need,fresh air,clean water,so its our duty to protect it.AwhichBwhereCwhatDin which 26、According to the result of a recent study published by Cambridge University,_,such as stubbornness and shyness,have a major impact on learning.AfeaturesBpersonalitiesCmemoriesDappearances 4 27、Some students think they enjoy reading just out of interest,but others argue that a better score is their main _.ArecognitionBattractionCoccupationDmotivation 28、The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa.AdeclarationBgravityCprocedureDporcelain 29、Since you have no child after ten years marriage,youd better _ a child from local government for _.Aadapt;companyBadapt;friend Cadopt;friendDadopt;company 30、I think he was born to be an/a _ of a newspaper.AsweatBeditorChelicopterDwhistle 31、Studying is very important,but as parents,wed better not put too much _ on children.ApersonalityBcreativityCpressureDadvance 32、The royal family has announced that the _ of the new baby is female.AweightBissueCgender 33、The _ on his face suggested that he was a little nervous.AinstructionBexpressionCattitudeDbehavior 34、Nowadays,food safety has become the _ of the government as well as the society.AadvantageBfocusCcompanyDanger 35、Every Cannon digital camera we sell comes with a two-year_.AguaranteeBsafetyCprotectionDpromise 36、The G20 Summit held on March 26th,2020 discussed how to promote international_against the COVID-19 5 outbreak.AexpectationBcooperation.CassociationDoperation 37、Anyway,whether they like it or not,they do give people a very good _.AimpressionBimpressCimpressiveDimpressed 38、A person can be judged by the books he reads and the _ he keeps.AscheduleBmeasureCperformanceDcompany 39、As you know,the _ of any species is largely influenced by its connections with other species.AevolutionBconclusionCappreciationDassociation 40、The whole _ have been hunting for the missing child.AbroadcastBstrategy CcontributionDneighborhood 41、We can guess when the play takes place,telling by the colorful _ on the stage.AsceneryBsightCsceneDview 42、The only way to improve is through hard work and strong _.AconfirmationBregistration CperseveranceDsignificance 43、The post card is sent by _.Aa friend of my fatherBa friend of my fathersCmy father friendDmy father friends 44、The plan was so shallow and impractical that no serious _ was ever made to realize it.AachievementBcommentCattemptDcredit 45、He,who had been granted(准许)an _ of his contract with the club for another two years,was over the 6 moon.AvisionBextensionCassumptionDconsumption 7 高考英语词法之名词_01B 参考答案 1、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在摆脱种族歧视的过程中，美国被远远抛在后面。A.discrimination 歧视；B.compromise 妥协；C.substitute 代替；D.investigation 调查。根据空前的“getting rid of racial”可知，此处指摆脱种族歧视，故选 A 项。2、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，救生员来救我；否则，我可能淹死了！A.sense 感觉，意识；B.effort 努力；C.attention 注意力；D.rescue 营救，援救。根据句意，此处涉及动词短语 come to ones rescue 为固定搭配，意为“营救某人”。故选 D 项。小提示：3、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有没有什么别的你特别要和我们分享的吗？A.particular 特别的，讲究的；B.panic 恐慌；C.eagerness 渴望；D.addition 加法，相加，附加。固定短语 in particular 相当于副词表示“尤其特别”，符合题意。in panic 恐慌，in eagerness 渴望地；inaddition 此外，都可以排除。故选 A 项。4、答案：C 解析：考查名词的数。句意：我已经决定参加大学入学考试了。祝你好运。success 表示“成功”时，为抽象概念和 luck(运气)均为不可数名词，前面不能用不定冠词，故排除 A、B 和 D 选项。wish you luck“祝你好运”。故选 C。8 5、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们等待他们给我们移动的信号。A.symbol 象征；B.signal 信号；C.sign 标志；D.mark 记号。根据句意可知，句中指给我们移动的信号，“signal”意为“信号”，名词词性，符合语境。故选 B 项。6、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇的善良给我留下了深刻的印象，让我想起了圣诞节最美好的事情。A.impression 印象；B.expression 表达；C.description 描述；D.collection 收集，收藏品。根据“and reminded me of the best things about Christmas.”可知，impression“印象”，符合题意。故选 A 项。7、答案：D 解析：考查名词。句意：作为一名离校半年以上的毕业生，玛丽觉得毕业后找份好工作很有挑战性。A 第一空处前为不定冠词 a，设空处应为名词单数形式，根据句意，表示“毕业生”应用名词 graduate；第二空处前为形容词性物主代词，设空处应为名词，结合句意，此处表示“毕业”，应用名词 graduation。故选 D。8、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该研究所还保存着 100 只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，它们的主人希望它们有朝一日能复活。A.institute 研究所；B.instance 例子；C.intensity 强度；D.intention 打算。由“preserves the bodies of 100 cats and dogs and other pets”可知，是研究所还保存着 100 只猫、狗和其他宠物的尸体，空格处是“研究所”，即institute，故选 A。9、答案：D 解析：9 考查名词词义辨析。句意：保持冷静的能力是她的许多优点之一。因此，她被提拔去处理紧急情况。A.bases基础，基地；B.challenges 挑战；C.benefits 好处；D.strengths 优点。结合句意可知，此处指保持冷静是她众多优点之一，strength 符合题意。故选 D。10、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对乡村生活有着强烈的喜好，因为它给我带来心灵的平和。A.benefit 益处；B.relief 慰藉；C.preference 爱好，偏好；D.defence 防御。由 because 引导的原因状语从句内容推断，这是“我”喜欢、向往乡村生活的理由。故选 C。11、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人把人类和其他动物区分得很清楚。A.balance 平衡；B.examination 检查；C.distinction 区分；D.conclusion 结论。根据后文“between humans and other animals”指区分人类和其它动物，应用 distinction。故选 C。12、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达高中毕业后想要出国深造，但是她需要征求父母的许可。A.movement 运动；B.profession 职业；C.destination 目的地；D.permission 准许。结合句意可知，permission“准许”符合题意，故选择 D 项。13、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些百货公司在食品保质期前 6 小时提供 20%的折扣。A.packaging 外包装;B.expiration 到期;C.composition 作文。根据“offer a 20%discount on food products”可知，食品到期之前百货公 10 司才会打折，expiration date“(食物的)有效期”。故选 B。14、答案：B 解析：考查词副词和名词。句意：这个好奇的女孩好奇地看了看盒子，然后出于好奇把它打开了。A.curious 好奇的；curious 好奇的；B.curiously 好奇地，curiosity 好奇心；C.curiously 好奇地,curious 好奇的；D.curiosity 好奇心,curiously 好奇地。分析句子结构可知，第一空应填写副词修饰动词 looked；根据“out of”可知，第二空应填写名词，out of curiosity 意为“出于好奇”，故选 B。15、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：读了招聘合格员工的广告后，很多求职者都应征了。A.ancestors 祖先；B.applicants 申请人，求职者；C.operators 操作员；D.boarders 寄宿者。根据上文“Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees”可知此处指求职者应征，应用 applicants。故选 B。16、答案：A 解析：考查名词。句意：老师经常评论这两个男孩有多么不同。A.comment 评论；B.decision 决定；C.impression 印象；D.effect 影响。根据后句“on how different the two boys are（这两个男孩有多么不同）”可知为评论的具体内容，固定短语 make a comment on 对做出评论。故选 A。17、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周，他的表演为他赢得了好莱坞电影节的年度最佳男演员奖。reward“报酬；奖励”；prize“奖金”；award“奖；奖品”；bonus“额外津贴；红利”，根据下文“for Actor of the Year at the Hollywood Film Festival”可知，此处说的是“好莱坞电影节的年度最佳男演员奖”，故选 C。11 18、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达回来后给我们生动地描述了她的庐山之行。A.direction 方向；B.explanation 解释；C.imagination 想象力；D.account 描述。由“of her trip to Mount Lushan”可知，句子表示“琳达回来后给我们生动地描述了她的庐山之行”，空格处是“描述”，故选 D。19、答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈的“小银行”被用于应对突然发生对的紧急情况，例如当克里斯丁弄伤胳膊并且不得不带去看医生时。A.emergencies 紧急情况；B.proposals 建议；C.functions 功能；D.individuality 个性。结合下文“例如当克里斯丁弄伤胳膊并且不得不带去看医生时”可知，上文说的是突然发生的紧急情况，emergencies“紧急情况”符合句意，故选择 A 项。20、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：透过酒店房间的窗户，我可以看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌:杰森，大魔术师。A.amusement 有趣；B.advertisement 广告；C.manuscript 手稿；D.assignment 任务。根据下文“with his face on it:Jason,the Great Magician.”可知，看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌。故选 B 项。小提示：21、答案：C 解析：考查名词辨析。句意：抽出时间来学习和参加课外活动是一个巨大的挑战。因此我需要做一个切实可行的时间表。A.the time 时间；B.times 时代；C.schedule 时间表；D.schedules 时间表（复数）。根据句意可知，抽出时间学习和做课外活动是一个挑战，所以要制定计划，而且根据单词 a 可知，应选可数名词单数，故选 C。12 小提示：根据句意来选择合适的词，根据名词前面的冠词可知应填单数还是复数。22、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府宣布了一项新举措，以帮助减少温室气体的排放。A.advisor 顾问；B.budget预算；C.initiative 倡议；新方案；D.perspective 态度。根据“announced”及“to help lower the greenhouse gas emissions”可知，initiative“倡议；新方案”符合句意。故选 C。23、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：广播传来“下一站是银行站!”。那是我的目的地。A.movement 运动，活动；B.announcement 公告，通告，广播；C.technique 技术；D.documentary 记录电影节目。根据 The next station is Bank!可知这是广播的通知。故选 B 项。24、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要你们两个在你爷爷家好好表现。好的，我们会的，妈妈。A.opportunity机会；B.struggle 斗争；C.behavior 行为，举止；D.purpose 目的。根据句意这是妈妈对孩子的告诫，要求他们注意行为举止。故选 C。25、答案：A 解析：考查定语从句。句意：地球是提供我们需要的一切新鲜的空气，干净的水的星球，所以保护它是我们的责任。分析句子结构可知，planet 为先行词，后接限制性定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中做主语，可用which 或者 that，根 据 所 给 选 择 项，故选 A 项。13 26、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据剑桥大学最近发表的一项研究结果，性格，例如固执和害羞对学习有重大影响。A.feature 特征；B.personality 性格，气质；C.memory 回忆；D.appearance 外表。空后 such as stubbornness and shyness 表示“例如固执和害羞”，都是在对人的性格进行举例，故空处需填名词 personalities 表示“性格”。故选 B 项。27、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些学生认为他们喜欢阅读只是出于兴趣，但其他人认为更好的成绩是他们的主要动机。A.recognition 识别；B.attraction 吸引；C.occupation 职业；D.motivation 动机。根据上文“a better score is their main”指更好的成绩是喜欢阅读的动机，应用 motivation。故选 D。28、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员坚持说，迈克尔在申请签证时没有按照正确的程序。A.declaration 宣布；B.gravity 重力；C.procedure 程序；D.porcelain 瓷器。根据“applying for a visa”可知，签证要按照程序申请。故选 C。29、答案：D 解析：考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：既然你婚后十年没有孩子，你最好从当地政府收养一个孩子做伴。adapt v.适应；adopt v.收养；company n.陪伴；friend n.朋友。根据“you have no child after ten years marriage”可知，第一空是建议收养(adopt)一个孩子,第二空表示收养孩子的目的，“for company”为固定搭配，表示“做伴”。故选 D 项。30、答案：B 14 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为他天生就是当报纸编辑的料。A.sweat 汗水；B.editor 编辑；C.helicopter 直升机；D.whistle 口哨。结合空后名词 newspaper 可知，此处指报纸编辑。故选 B。31、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：学习很重要，但作为父母，我们最好不要给孩子太大的压力。A.personality 性格；B.creativity 创造力；C.pressure 压力；D.advance 进步。由 Studying is very important 可知，父母不要给孩子学习施加太大的压力。故选 C 项。32、答案：C 解析：考查名词。句意：皇室宣布新生儿的性别为女性。A.weight 重量；B.issue 问题；C.gender 性别。根据空格后“female”可知，空格处指性别。故选 C。33、答案：B 解析：考查名词。句意：他脸上的表情表明他有点紧张。A.instruction 用法说明；B.expression 表情；C.attitude 态度；D.behavior 行为。根据下文“of his face（他脸上的）”可知说的是表情，故选择 B 项。34、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，食品安全以及成为政府和社会关注的焦点。A.advantage 优点；B.focus 焦点；C.company 公司，陪伴；D.anger 愤怒。根据句意，政府和社会关注食品安全，故选 B 项。35、答案：A 15 解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我们出售的每台佳能数码相机都有两年的保修期。A.guarantee 保修；B.safety 安全；C.protection 保护；D.promise 承诺。根据“Cannon digital camera we sell”及“two-year”可知，出售的相机产品会有保修期。故选 A。36、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：2020 年 3 月 26 日召开的 G20 峰会议讨论了如何促进国际合作应对新冠疫情。A.expectation 期盼；B.cooperation 合作；C.association 协会，社团；D.operation 手术，运行。根据“against the COVID-19 outbreak.”可知表示促进 international cooperation（国际合作）应对新冠疫情。故选 B。37、答案：A 解析：考查名词。句意：不管怎样，不管他们喜欢与否，他们确实给人们一个很好的印象。A.impression 印象；B.impress 留下深刻印象；C.impressive 令人印象深刻的；D.impressed 印象深刻的。“a very good”后跟名词的单数形式，因此空格处是“impression”，故选 A。38、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以通过一个人所看的书和他交的朋友判断他是什么样的人。A.schedule 工作计划，日程安排，时刻表；B.measure 尺度，判断，度量单位；C.performance 表演，表现，业绩，性能；D.company在一起的一群人。根据句子结构和句意可知，这里考查 keep company 与某人为伍，和某人交朋友的意思。“he keeps”是做先行词“the company”的定语从句，“company”在定语从句中做宾语，指代人，关系代词 that/whom可以省略。故选 D 项。39、答案：A 16 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如你所知，任何物种的进化在很大程度上都受其与其他物种的联系的影响。A.evolution 进化；B.conclusion 结论；C.appreciation 欣赏；D.association 联盟。根据句中的“species(物种)”可知，“evolution 进化”符合句意。故选 A。40、答案：D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个社区的人都在寻找那个失踪的孩子。A.broadcast 广播；B.strategy 策略；C.contribution 贡献；D.neighborhood 街坊。根据句意并结合各选项可知，是大家都在寻找丢失的孩子。故选 D。41、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以通过舞台上五彩缤纷的场景猜出这出戏发生的时间。A.scenery 风景；B.sight 视野；C.scene 布景；D.view 观点。由“on the stage”可知，此处指的是“舞台上五彩缤纷的布景”，故选 C。42、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：进步的唯一途径是通过努力和坚强的毅力。A.confirmation 确认，证实；B.registration 登记，注册；C.perseverance 毅力；D.significance 重要性。根据句意及常识可知，只有通过努力和坚定的毅力才能取得进步。故选 C。43、答案：B 解析：考查名词所有格辨析。句意：这张明信片是我父亲的一个朋友寄来的。根据句意分析，此处表达“我的父亲的一个朋友”，应用双重所有格结构，a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一个朋友，符合题意。故选 B 项。17 44、答案：C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个计划是如此肤浅和不切实际，以至于从来没有人认真尝试去实现它。A.achievement 成就；B.comment 评论；C.attempt 尝试；D.credit 信用。根据“The plan was so shallow and impractical”可知，没有人进行认真的尝试来实现这个计划。故选 C。45、答案：B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被俱乐部准许将合同再延长两年，这真是太高兴了。A.vision 视力、视野；B.extension 延长；C.assumption 假定；D.consumption 消费、消耗量。根据句意可知，合同续约了，他非常高兴，因此合同延长符合语境。故选 B 项。