高中英语语法精讲精练---名词性从句.docx

高中英语语法精讲精练----名词性从句
一、名词性从句的语法功能及分类
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。
1) What he is going to do is not clear.
2) Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.
宾语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作宾语，那么这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
1) Jack said that he had something important to do.
2) I want to know if/whether there is a train to Beijing.
表语从句：如果一个句子在复合句中用作表语，那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
同位语从句：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词，如news，idea，fact，word（消息），question，thought，doubt，order，promise，hope，message，information等的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。关联词多用从属连词that。
1) They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
2) Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
3) Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
【注意】that引导的同位语从句及定语从句的区别
☆ 定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词，因此，它是属于形容词性从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句，它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的，或者说是解释前面名词的内容。
换而言之：
同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。

区别
同位语从句
定语从句
①阐明它前面的名词具体内容。
☆The suggestion that we 【should】 clean the room buy turns is good.

①限定它前面的名词的范围或补充一些情况。
☆The suggestion 【that】 he put forward at the meeting is good.

②that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省略。
☆ The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.

② that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分（主语或宾语）。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。
☆ The news 【that/which】 he told me yesterday is true.
③ 只有在内容方面可进一步阐明的名词。（可以带同位语的名词多为抽象名词）。如： news，fact， idea，question， suggestion等。
③ 几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。
☆ The apple 【that/which】 he gave me is a red one.

区别： Galileo collected facts __B___ the Earth goes round the sun.
Galileo collected facts __D___ proved the Earth goes round the sun.
A. which B. that C. of which D. A and B
【考点点拨】
在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，名词性从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：
☆ My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
☆ This is our only request that this（should）be settled as soon as possible.
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
此类词有：
一“坚持” insist
二“命令” order, command
三“建议” advise(advice), suggest(suggestion), propose (proposal)
四“要求” require, request, desire, demand
二、名词性从句连接词的选用
名词性从句一般有以下三种连接词：
1. 从属连词that，if和whether。that在句中无实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可以省略；if不可以用于句首。
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 
He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 
2. 连接代词主要有who, whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whosever， whatever，whichever等。
Whoever comes is welcome.  
What concerns me most is who will be my teacher next term.
3. 连接副词主要有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。
None of us knows where these new books can be bought.
The question under discussion is where we will hold the meeting.
[注意] 不能使用if的情况
a. 主语从句
b. 表语从句
c. 同位语从句
d. 介词后的宾语从句
e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.
f. 及 or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.
注意1：that / what的辨用
1.______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3. We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
4. He told us ______ he felt ill.
5. The result is ______ we won the game.
6. This is _____ we want to know.
7. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
8. The fact______ she works hard is well known to us all.
规则： 1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用
2. what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。
注意2：whether及if的辨用
规则：1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， whether/if 都可以用；
2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”， 只能用whether；
3.在whether… or not 和whether to do 中whether 不能换成if
练习：if / whether
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
3.___________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
4.It hasn't been decided____________ we shall attend the meeting.
5.We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
6. The question is _________ he should do it.
7.The doctor can hardly answer the question__________ the old man will recover soon.
8. I don’t know _______ to go or to stay at home.
附加练习
1.I doubt____________ he can speak English.
2.I don’t doubt ____________ he can speak English.
注意3：whatever及no matter what的辨用
Whatever有两个用法，一是引导名词性从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句），二是用于引导让步状语从句。
No matter what只能引导让步状语从句（不能引导名词性从句），其意为“无论什么”。
【注意】这样用的no matter what及引导状语从句的whatever用法相同，有时可互换。如：No matter what you say, I believe you. =Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。

一、2010年高考真题链接
1.(全国卷I卷33).We haven’t discussed yet _______ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that            B. which          C. what          D. where
2.(全国II卷10) —Have you finished the book？
—No. I’ve read up to _____ the children discover the secret cave.
A. which          B. what           C. that          D. where
3.(北京卷31).I want to be liked and loved for               I am inside.
  A. who             B. where          C. what            D. how
4.(北京卷32). Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __       it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
  A. what            B. that             C. why             D. whether
5.(北京卷33).               some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.
A. Whether         B. What            C. That             D. How
6.(福建卷35). We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have              we have here and treat food nicely.
A. that           B. which              C. what               D. whether
7.(湖南卷35). Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears .No one in the office knew _____ she was so angry.
A. where            B. whether          C. that                D. why
8.(江苏卷35).—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
   —That’s_______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where           B. how             C. when         D. what
9.(辽宁卷34). —-It’s no use having ideas only .
—-Don’t worry. Peter can show you ________to turn an idea into an act.
A. how            B. who             C. what            D. where
10.(山东卷26). Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.
  A. why           B. what          C. how          D. which
11.(陕西卷18). It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.  
  A. which           B. what          C. that           D. if
12.(四川卷14). How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on              he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
  A. what            B. who             C. how             D. why
13.(天津卷14). As a new graduate, he doesn’t know _______ it takes to start a business here.
A. how              B. what              C. when           D. which
14.(重庆卷25). To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions            had used the products.
A. whoever          B. who              C. whichever       D. which
15.(浙江卷1).－How about camping this weekend, just for a change?
   －OK,__        you want.
   A. whichever          B. however            C. whatever            D. whoever
16.(浙江卷9). It is uncertain _          side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
  A. that                B. what             C. how              D. whether
17.(上海卷36). One reason for her preference for city life is              she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that           B. how              C. what             D. why
18.(上海卷37). When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know                  .           
    A. he is entering which lane             B. which lane he is entering
    C. is he entering which lane             D. which lane is he entering
二、句子翻译
1. 请把奖品给先来的人。
_______________________________________________________________________
2. 孩子长大后，要鼓励他们做力所能及的家务。
_______________________________________________________________________
3. 越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实, 找一份合适的工作实属不易。(face)
_______________________________________________________________________
4. 他近视眼的原因是连续四五个小时不停地看书。
_______________________________________________________________________
5. 毫无疑问政府会采取措施来阻止疾病的蔓延。（doubt）
_______________________________________________________________________
6. 会议是否会如期举行还没有被最后决定。（decide）
_______________________________________________________________________
7. 她迟到的原因是要照顾她生病的妹妹。（take care of）
_______________________________________________________________________
8. 中国参加了世贸组织不仅是个巨大的挑战，而且是个很好的机遇。（not only …but also）
_______________________________________________________________________
9. 据报道， 到目前为止，已经有2个孩子在洪水中失去了生命。（It）
_______________________________________________________________________
10. 人类不得不接受这样一个事实：由于温室效应， 全球气候正在变暖。（because of）
_______________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
一、2010年高考真题链接 DDCBB  6-10CDAAB  11-15CBBAC  16-18BAB
二、句子翻译
1. 请把奖品给先来的人。
Please give the prize to whoever comes first.
2. 孩子长大后，要鼓励他们做力所能及的家务。
When children grow up, they should be encouraged to do whatever housework they can do.
3. 越来越多的大学生面临着这样一个事实,:找一份合适的工作实属不易。(face)
More and more college students are faced with the fact that it is very hard to find a suitable job.
4. 他近视眼的原因是连续四五个小时不停地看书。
The reason why he became short-sighted was that he often kept reading books for 4 to 5 hours.
5. 毫无疑问政府会采取措施来阻止疾病的蔓延。（doubt）
There is no doubt that the government will take measures to prevent the disease form spreading.
6. 会议是否会如期举行还没有被最后决定。（decide）
Whether the meeting will be held as planned hasn't been decided yet.
7. 她迟到的原因是要照顾她生病的妹妹。（take care of）
The reason why she was late was that she had to take care of her sick sister.
8. 中国参加了世贸组织不仅诗歌巨大的挑战，而且是个很好的机遇。（not only …but also）
That China joined WTO is not only a great challenge but also a good opportunity.
9. 据报道， 到目前为止，已经有91个孩子在洪水中失去了生命。（It）
It is reported that so far 91 children have died in the flood.
10. 人类不得不接受这样一个事实，：由于温室效应， 全球气候正在变暖。（because of）
Human beings have to accept the fact that because of the green house effect, the climate over the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.
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