写作教程-第二册-答案.ppt

Unit1Follow-upexercises2021/5/241Write a focused topic sentence for the following subjectLooking for jobs A person can look for a job in several ways.PenguinsPenguins resemble human beings in many respects.2021/5/242Personality Ones personality plays an important role in foreign language learning.WeatherLiving in a place where the weather is always warm has many advantages.2021/5/2434.Paragraph I All inventions are either basic inventions or improvements on earlier inventions.Paragraph 2 There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3 Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.2021/5/2445.Paragraph 1 The world has enjoyed many benefits from the invention of telephone.Paragraph 2 I had a terrible morning today.2021/5/2456.Topic sentence:5,7,4,1,6,9,8,3,2 2021/5/2467.1)First of all 2)Secondly 3)By and by 4)In addition 5)In short 2021/5/2478.Several techniques have been used to achieve coherence:l)Repetition of key words:junk food,students(as are underlined)2)Use of transitional signals:For one reason,Also,As a result,however(as are italicized)3)Use of pronouns:they,their,this(as are boldfaced)2021/5/248Unit 2 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES 3.When I was a child,we never varied our Christmas Eve ritual.We always began our private celebration promptly at 6 p.m.on December 24 when the whole family assembled in our small kitchen.We watched as Mother and my older sister prepared a light supper.As soon as we finished the meal,we rushed into the living room to decorate the tree.The younger children started the decorating by putting tinsel and colorful2021/5/249 balls on the branches near the base of the tree.Meanwhile,the two older children were placing ornaments on the higher branches.Finally,our parents completed the decorating by placing a beautiful golden-haired angel at the very top of the tree.After we finished the tree,we hurriedly dressed and walked down the street to Midnight Mass.As we listened to the service,we remembered the reason we celebrated Christmas.Then we returned home where we ate some of Mothers Christmas goodies.We always ended our Christmas Eve ritual around 2 a.m.by gathering around the tree and singing Silent Night.2021/5/24104.Logical sequence of the sentences:4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6-1Topic sentence:My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.2021/5/24112021/5/24122021/5/24132021/5/2414Concluding sentence:Although we were very tired at midnight,we agreed that our two-day vacation at Disney World was one of the best we had ever had.5.(1)Then (2)morning (3)afternoon (4)Then(5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)after2021/5/24156.Sample paragraph The New Year celebration was so unforgettable for me when I was a child.Weeks before the New Years Day,my mother would let me help her send out New Years cards and go shopping with her.In the crowded markets 1 bought firecrackers,like all the other kids.Then,beginning on New Years Eve,the sound of exploding firecrackers was everywhere,day and night.On New Years Day,I watched huge parades go by in the middle of the streets.People wearing costumes danced past us.Some of them were playing instruments;some were having lion dances,and dragon dances.Afterwards,we worshiped our ancestors in a temple and visited friends and r e l a t i v e s t o w i s h t h e m H a p p y N e w Y e a r.2021/5/2416Unit3 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES3.Logical sequence of the sentences:3 6 1 4 7 5 2 Relationship:Primarily,the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.2021/5/24174.l)Standing in the burned-out shell of my living room was a shocking experience.Above my head were charred beams,all that remained of our ceiling.In front of me,where our television and stereo had once stood,were twisted pieces of metal and chunks of blackened glass.Strangely,some items seemed little damaged by the fire.For example,I could see the TV tuner knob and a dusty CD under the rubble.I walked through the ashes until I came to what was left of our sofa.Behind the sofa had been a wall of family photographs.Now,the wall and the pictures were gone.I found only a water-logged scrap of my wedding picture.2021/5/2418 2)The central focus is a shocking experience.To support the main idea,the writer uses a lot of descriptions and organizes these details according to the space relationship,and thus coherence is achieved.2021/5/24195.(1)into (2)crosses (3)In the center of (4)Outside (5)inside(6)On the front(7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10)At the rear2021/5/24206.This paragraph is developed in a circular order,i.e.from east to north,and then to south.You are encouraged to describe the house using other ways of arrangement.2021/5/2421Unit 4 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES Look at each others paragraph on the procedures of completing some housework in pairs,comment on each others writing,using what you have learned in this unit.2021/5/24223.Pattern:description with supplementary explanations.2021/5/24232021/5/24244.(1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)With(6)By this time(7)Suddenly (8)final (9)ending (10)applause2021/5/24255.Task 12021/5/2426Linking words and phrases that connect these procedures:firstly,also,afterward,Then,signals the end2021/5/24276.According to the Chinese lunar calendar,the 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the day for the Mid-Autumn Festival,and the day usually falls on one of the days in the latter half of September.For this occasion people need to buy moon cakes in advance.And when that evening comes with a full moon rising,Chinese families begin to have a big dinner together.The family members enjoy many delicacies,including sweet or salty moon cakes as well as some2021/5/2428 special food like taros and young soya beans.For those who are absent from the family,moon cakes have already been sent to them days before.When the family enjoy all of these,they will look up at the full moon,chatting or missing their faraway relatives or friends.For them,the full moon symbolizes reunion.Such feelings and scenes are fully expressed by a Chinese saying:the moon at home is exceptionally brighter.2021/5/2429Unit5 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES The outline for Paragraph B:Topic sentence:Working in an apple plant was the worst job I ever had.Examples:I.First of all.the work was physically hard.2021/5/2430Specific details:l)For ten hours a night i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy.2021/5/2431 2.The second bad feature of the job was the pay.Specific details:I was getting the minimum wage at that time,$1.25 an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.2021/5/2432 3.The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.Specific details:1)During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch.2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice:the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding sentence:I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.2021/5/24334.Logical sequence of the sentences:3-6-1-8-2-4-7-5Pattern:It follows Pattern l and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.2021/5/24345.(l)For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance (4)Even(5)his (6)these (7)contemporary2021/5/24356.Examples 2,3 and 5 are relevant and specific,Theyre effective examples that can be used.Examples 1 and 7 are not specific,thought relevant.Examples 4 and 6 are completely irrelevant.They dont refer to a Massachusetts law.2021/5/24367.1)Ive never seen a girl as lazy as Arena.2)English teachers are applying different means to teach the English language.3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours since early 19/)0s.4)My father has been a generous man to his children.2021/5/2437Unit 6 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES3.Subject;Class;CharacteristicsRepublic:a form of government in which power resides in the people(the electorate)Wolf:a large,dog-like carnivorous mammal with yellowish or brownish gray and coarse fur,erect pointed ears,and a bushy tail2021/5/2438Jazz:a style of music that features improvisation and performancePersistence:a kind of quality not giving up even during rough times2021/5/24394.Improved definitions1.A stadium is a structure or building in which sports spectaculars are held.2.Socialism is a theory or system of community organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production,capital,land and so forth,in the community as a whole.2021/5/24403.Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy of light to produce compounds,such as sugar and starch,from a number of substances including water and carbon dioxide.4.Surreptitious means secret.2021/5/24415.Political conservatives are people who are dedicated to preserving the existing conditions,such as William F.Buckley,Jr.,and Pat Robertson.6.Hearing aids are a kind of device which enables deaf people to hear sounds such as normal speech.2021/5/2442Unit 7 Follow-up ExercisesKey to exercises3.1)Pattern:single effect and multiple causes2)Causes Effectgot drunk at the partyhad taken the drug of Bart Jr.s suicide Accutaneadolescent depression2021/5/24434.Logical sequence of the sentences:2 4 1 3 6 5Pattern of cause and effect:single effect and multiple causes.5.Task OneTopic:Society itself may be producing the distortions of personality,mental illness,and emotional instability.2021/5/2444Points Causes Effect1 societys compartmentalizing2.societys competitive demands distortions of personality,etc.3.inability to rebel2021/5/24456.Points of cause and effect:1)The lorry is on the left of the motorcyclist.2)The car is not traveling in the same direction.3)a dog is running in front of the car.4)A woman is running after her child who is holding a ball.2021/5/2446Unit 8 Follow-up ExercisesKey to exercises3.1)Topic:University Students Entertainment Topic sentence:University students entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes place.Division:a)entertainment at homeb)entertainment on campusc)entertainment elsewhere2)Topic:Roles of Young Married Women in SocietyTopic sentence:The average young married women in todays society has her life divided into three different roles.2021/5/2447Division:a)the role of wifeb)the role of motherc)the role of self3)Topic:NeighborsTopic sentence:Neighbors fall into three categories accordign to their different attitudes towards you.Division:a)those who are friendlyb)those who are indifferentc)those who hate you2021/5/24484.1)Mattresses:Queen;twin;firm;doubleSingle basis:size2)Exercise:Fatigue;swimming;gymnastics;jogglingSingle basis:field 3)Churches:Roman Catholic;Baptism;Protestant;OrthodoxSingle Basis:branch 2021/5/24494)Vacation:Seashore;winter;summer;weekendsSingle basis:time2021/5/24505.Logical sequence of the sentence:73 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6Subject:Christmas giftsTopic sentence:Christmas gifts can be divided into three groups,according to their after-Christmas fate.2021/5/2451Division:a)those that are welcomed and put into use very soonb)those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc)those that you banish as soon as possible.Concluding sentence:By New Years Day,you have either used,stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts.2021/5/24526.1)types 2)Though 3)Finally 4)however 5)Even though 6)Before 7)third 8)If 9)Then 10)these2021/5/2453Unit 9 Follow-up Exercises3.Pattern:point-by-point2021/5/24542021/5/24554.Logical sequence of the sentences:53 6 2 4 8 7 1Pattern of comparison and contrast:subject by subject5.similar;although;difference;identical;again;while;But;difference;consistency completely2021/5/24565.1.similar 2.although3.difference4.identical5.again6.while7.But8.difference9.consistency pletely2021/5/24576.Task One2021/5/2458Unit 10 Follow-up Exercises3.General statement:The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed press.2021/5/24596.1.Thus 2.When 3.also 4.however 5.Moreover 6.indeed 7.also 8.Yet 9.and 10.Thus2021/5/2460Unit 11 Follow-up Exercises3.The description centers on one trait of personality:Uncle Amoss being ordinary and average in life.4.Four methods used:comparison(1),generalization(2,4),cause-effect(3).The one that stands out is generalization.2021/5/2461Unit 12 Follow-up ExercisesRead again the original composition you wrote on generation gap and rewrite it.Please pay attention to the organizational structure of your composition.2021/5/24623.2021/5/2463Unit 13 Follow-up Exercises3.sentences that tell:1,3,6 sentences that show:2,4,65.Logical sequence of the sentence:83 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 102021/5/2464Unit 143.Conclusion:Washingtons demeanor was at all times composed and dignified./George Washington was dignified-looking man./George Washingtons appearance projected an air of composure and dignity.2021/5/24654.The following underlined sentences do not contribute to the central impression.We used to go sled riding down its curving garden paths.Once my father wanted to buy the house and fix it up.In nice weather,we played pirates and outlaws in the lilac bushes.It was the favorite place to play in our neighborhood.2021/5/24665.Logical sequence of the sentences:3 2 7 1 8 5 6 4 2021/5/24676.1)cozy 2)soft 3)On one side of 4)Next to 5)muted 6)On the other side of 7)nap 8)orange 9)lighted 10)sizzling 2021/5/24687.1)The wirer employs the spatial order in his description.The opening sentence presents an image of both ends of the table,with the rest of the description organized from these points in space.Sentence 2 shows the progression of objects from the ends of the table to the center.Sentence 3 focuses on the objects in the middle of the table.Thus the reader can visualize the scene very vividly.2)The prepositional phrases of location and direction are:At one end of the table,At the other end of the table.On a bed of creased paper,Round its shin,Beside this,Between these rival ends,Ion which lay bunches of purple raisins,On which lay a solid rectangle of Smyrna figs,In which stood some tall celery stalks,in the center of the table3)The verbs used are primarily static verbs,like“to be,”“lay,”and“stood,”which reinforce the spatial pattern and contribute to the central impression.They are effective for the purpose as the pint of view is that of an observer who is close to the scene being described.2021/5/24694)2021/5/2470Unit 153.paragraph 1:Introduction/thesis statement)Paragraph 2:Supporting paragraph Topic:discoveries of manufactures Examples:sugar,foods and cosmetics Paragraph 3:Supporting paragraph Topic:discoveries of experiments Examples:red,blue,yellow.2021/5/24714.1)The thesis statement is the fist sentence in the first paragraph.2)the purpose is to inform.Methods of development:a)process of calcium collection in bones over long times;b)scientific deduction from the change in bones;c)example to support the thesis.2021/5/24723)Unity:by intr