2023年雅思写作Barchart.docx

Bar chart
1. The chart shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six different types of educational setting in the UK in 2023.

Model 1
The bar chart gives information about male and female teachers in six types of educational institution in the UK in 2023. It shows what percentage of teachers was male and what percentage was female.
Women predominated in schools for children. This was particularly true of schools for very young children. Over 95 percent of nursery school teachers, for example, were female. The situation was similarly one-sided in primary schools, where over 90 percent of teachers were women.
Men and women were more equally represented in teaching institutions catering for older children and young adults: secondary schools and colleges. College lectures, for example, were 50 percent female and 50 percent male.
Males held a larger share of teaching posts in higher-level institutions. This was particularly true for universities, where twice as many males were teaching staff than females.
Overall, women were more likely to hold the more typically maternal role of teaching young children. Males, on the other hand, predominated in the higher status teaching role of university lecturer.
Model 2
The chart compares the percentage of male and female teachers in different educational settings from nursery school to university. Significant differences between men and women are evident.
Women held nearly all of the teaching posts in nursery and primary schools and the majority of posts in secondary schools (approximately 56 percent). They held the same percentage of posts as did men at college level. However, a smaller proportion of women held teaching positions at training institutes, and, at universities, female lecturers were outnumbered by males by roughly two to one.
For men, the pattern of employment was the reverse. Only 2 percent of nursery school teachers and 10 percent of primary teachers were men. They were more equally represented at secondary and college level. However, a significantly higher percentage of university lecturers were male(roughly 70 percent).
Overall, the figure shows that gender is a significant factor in patterns of employment within the education sector.

2. The chart below shows the numbers of male and female research students studying six science-related subjects at a UK university in 2023. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The bar chart shows the gender distribution of students doing scientific research across a range of disciplines at a UK university in 2023.
In five of the six disciplines, males outnumbered females. Male students made up a particularly large proportion of the student group in subjects related to the study of inanimate objects and materials: physics, astronomy, and geology. The gender gap was particularly large in the field of physics, where there were five times as many male students as female students.
Men and women were more equally represented in subjects related to the study of living things: biology, medicine, and veterinary medicine. In biology, there were nearly as many women (approximately 200) as men (approximately 240). This was also true of medicine. Veterinary medicine was the only discipline in which women outnumbered men (roughly 110 women vs. 90 men).
Overall, the chart shows that at this university, science-related subjects continue to be male-dominated; however, women have a significant presence in fields related to medicine and the life sciences.
3. The graph compares the percentage of international and the percentage of UK students gaining second class degrees or better at major UK University.
Model 1
• The bar chart shows the proportion of UK students and international students achieving second class degrees or higher in seven different subjects at a university in the UK.
• Degree results were generally good for both home and international students, with well over 50 per cent gaining a second class degree or better in all seven subjects except International law. International students tended to do better than UK students in technology-related subjects. This was particularly true of Information Technology. Whereas over 80 per cent of international students gained a good degree in IT, only about half of the UK students did so.
• Degree results were similar for the two groups in Nursing and Accounting. In Arts and Social Science-related subjects, UK students tended to do better. The biggest gap in performance was in International Law, where three-quarters of UK students gained a second class degree or better. In contrast, fewer than half of the international students attained this level.
• Overall, the chart suggests that international and UK students had different strengths when studying for degrees in this UK University.
Model 2
• The bar chart shows the percentage of home and international students in the UK achieving at least a second class degree in eight subjects in 2023.
• For the UK students, over half of the degrees awarded were second class or better. The largest percentage of good passes was in Art History and Sociology (80 per cent). The lowest was in Information Technology (55 per cent).
• For international students, the rates were similarly high, though figures for individual subjects differed. In Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, four out of five degrees awarded to students from abroad were second class or better (versus fewer than two out of three for home students). However, the percentage gaining good degrees in subjects such as English Literature (55 per cent) and Law (50 per cent) was lower than the corresponding rate for home students (roughly 70 per cent).
• In brief, the chart shows that home students tended to do better in Arts and Social Science-related subjects, whereas international students tended to do better in technology related subjects.

4. The figure shows the results of a survey of 1000 adolescents in five different countries. The participants were asked at what age they believed certain rights and responsibilities should be granted to young people.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.

• The bar chart illustrates the views of 1000 young people in five countries around the world on the most suitable age for three key rights and responsibilities to be given to young people.
• There was some variation in the views of all five nationalities for all three categories. For marriage, the minimum age identified ranged from a low of sixteen in Egypt and Mexico to a high of twenty-two in Japan. Respondents in the UK and the US chose eighteen.
• A similar pattern was seen in the results concerning voting age. Again, this was highest among the Japanese participants and lowest (16) among those in Mexico and the UK.
• Interestingly, for all of the countries surveyed, the participants set their preferred age of criminal responsibility at a lower point than eight of the rights. The gap was particular wide in the US, where respondents indentified twelve as the age at which children should be held responsible for their crimes.
• Overall, the results show that adolescents in different countries have different views of when it is appropriate for young people to hold certain responsibilities associated with adulthood.

5. The figure gives information about smoking habits of the UK population by age. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

• The bar chart shows information about people’s smoking behaviour by age group in the UK. Several trends are evident.
• The highest proportion of those who have never smoked (nearly two-thirds) was in the 16-24 year group. The proportion tended to decrease with age. Only 40 per cent of people aged 65 to 74 had never smoked.
• On the other hand, the percentage of those who had quit smoking tended to increase with age. Only 5 per cent of those in the youngest age group (16 to 24) were ex-smokers, as opposed to roughly 40 per cent of those aged 65 to 75.
• The percentage of those classed as heavy smokers also showed a distinct pattern. People in middle age (35 to 54) tended to be the heaviest smokers – approximately 13 per cent of the total. A relatively small proportion of those in the youngest age group, and an even smaller percentage of those in the oldest group (roughly 3 per cent) smoked heavily.
• Overall, age appears to be a significant factor in patterns of smoking behaviour.