全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试模拟试题.doc

2010年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试模拟试题
（理工类） 

考试时间：120分钟    考试总分：100分

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题l分，共15分）
    下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1  It is irritating to be forced to listen to such silly conversation.
   A  chilly                   B  annoying              C  accessory     D  furtive
2  Many of novelist Carson McGullers' characters are isolated, disappointed people.
   A  solitary                 B  grumpy               C      feeble      D  frugal
3  One-room schoolhouses can still be found in isolated areas of North America.
   A  bare                   B  deprived               C  remote        D  developed
4  The benzene molecule contains six carbon atoms joined together in the form of a six-sided ring.
   A  represented              B  connected            C  contained     D  included
5  The old car jolted along the country road at a snail's pace.
   A  rode                   B  dawdled              C  honked       D  bounced
6  Literary historians believe Emily Dickinson had a lonely existence, finding joy only in her poetry.
   A  friendship              B  happiness             C  expression           D  interest
7  Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses.
   A  supremacy              B  authority             C  guidance      D  obedience
8  Maine is justly famous, for its beautiful lakes and ponds.
   A  only                   B  rightfully             C  legally        D  simply
9  In some libraries young people can check out ten juvenile hooks at one time.
   A  adventure               B  large-print            C  hardcover      D  children's
10  Cough syrups and cold remedies that are manufactured with alcohol will last much longer than those prepared with water.
    A  float                 B  finish                C  remain effective  D  be prescribed
11  The works of Walt Whitman had a lasting effect on the development of modern American poetry.
    A  an enduring            B  an unknown           C  a startling             D  a final
12  Not until his play "Beyond the Horizon" was produced wag Eugene O'Neill lauded as the foremost creative American playwright.
    A  compensated      B  secretly named         C  given preference   D  praised
13  A prominent advocate of woman suffrage. Susan B. Anthony lectured throughout the Unites States for the cause of women's rights.
    A  raised money      B  arranged meetings  C  wrote articles      D  gave speeches
14  Helen Keller's achievements as an author and lecturer were an inspiration to millions.
    A  editor             B  director                 C  correspondent      D  speaker
15  A corporation is a business organization that is formed to act as a single person and is legally endowed with particular rights and duties.
    A  by word           B  by law               C  laudably               D  liberally

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题l分，共7分）
    阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Dining Custom
    Every land has its own dining custom, and the United States is no exception. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6 : 30, the hostess expects him to be there at 6 : 30 or not more than a few minutes after. Be-cause she usually does her own cooking, she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come. If he is late，the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest cannot come on time，he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, gives the reason, and tells at what time he thinks he can come.
    As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she has found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman. A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman un-less the woman is much older.
    When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them.
    Even an American may be confused by the number of knives, forks, and spoons beside his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple, however, use them in the order
in which they lie, beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do what she does. The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often served with the soup. The spoon on the outside at the right is for soup, and so on. Sometimes there is a separate little knife, called a butter spreader, on a small bread-and-butter plate at the left. As the bread is passed, each guest puts his piece on the bread-and-butter plate.
16  As a country of immigrants, the U.S. does not have its own dining customs.
    A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
17  The guest is expected to arrive on time because the coffee and meat will be at their best at    the time he is required to come.
    A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
18  A woman usually rises when she is being introduced to an aged gentleman.
    A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
19  At a dinner table, it is customary for the men to arrange chairs for ladies.
    A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
20  At formal American dinner, the knives, forks, and spoons beside the plate are placed in a    certain order.
    A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
21  The right order to use the knives, forks and spoons at a formal dinner is from the left to the right.
    A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned
22  At a formal dinner, bread is usually served together with salad and soup.
    A  Right    B  Wrong    C  Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题l分，共8分）
    阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Paris
 1  Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation's population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the
site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nation's activities.
2  Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the l9th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived.
3  The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than l00 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.
4  In the late l980s about 4.1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately l.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late l980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.
5  Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation's manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.
23  Paragraph 2 ________
24  Paragraph 3 ________
25  Paragraph 4 ________
26  Paragraph 5 ________
A  History of the city
B  Industries of the city
C  Population growth
D  Education
E  Cultural center
F  Immigration
27  Paris has in history been the center of ________.
28  Since the 10th century, the population of Paris ________.
29  Many valuable works of art ________.
30  Paris is not only the center of education of France, but also the center ________.
A  can be found in Paris
B  the major events of the nation
C  of the country's industries
D  a lot of cinemas and theatres
E  has been growing steadily
F  has been decreasing rapidly

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
    下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇                          Cultural Code
Every culture attempts to create a "universe of discourse" for its members. a way in which people can interpret their experience and convey it to one another. Without a common system of codifying sensations, life would be absurd and all efforts to share meanings doomed to failure. This universe of discourse—one of the most precious of all cultural legacies—is
transmitted to each generation in part consciously and in part unconsciously. Parents and teachers give explicit instruction in it by praising or criticizing certain ways of dressing, of thinking, of gesturing, of responding to the acts of others. But the most significant aspects of any cultural code may be conveyed implicitly, not by rule or lesson but through modeling behavior. The child is surrounded by others who, through the mere consistency of their actions as males and females, mothers and fathers, salesclerks and policemen, display what is appropriate behavior. Thus the grammar of any culture is sent and received largely unconsciously, making one's own cultural assumptions and biases difficult to recognize. They seem so obviously right that they require no explanation.
In The Open and Closed Mind, Milton Rokeach poses the problem of cultural understanding in its simplest form, but one that can readily demonstrate the complication of communication between cultures. It is called the "Denny Doodlebug Problem". Readers are given all the rules that govern this culture: Denny is an animal that always faces North, and can move only by jumping; he can jump large distances or small distances, but can change direction only after jumping four times I any direction; he can jump North, South, East or West, but not diagonally. Upon concluding a jump ms master places some food three feet directly West of him. Surveying the situation, Denny concludes he must jump four times to reach the food. No mote or less. And he is right. All the reader has to do is to explain the circumstances that make his conclusion correct.
The large majority of people who attempt this problem fail to solve it, despite the fact that they are given all the rules that control behavior in this culture. If there is difficulty in getting inside the simplistic world of Denny Doodlebug—where the cultural code has already been broken and handed to us—imagine the complexity of comprehending behavior in societies whose codes have to yet been deciphered. And where even those who obey these codes are only vaguely aware and can rarely describe the underlying sources of their own actions.
31  We acquire the greater part of our cultural codes by ________.
A  creating a universe of discourse
B  imitating the behavior of others, especially those of the previous generation
C  sharing the same experiences with other people
D  taking in the various information we're given with no discrimination
32  What does "the grammar of any culture" refer to in the first paragraph? ________
A  The grammatical rules in the language used by the largest population in a culture.
B  Rules in a culture that can be modeled on by another culture.
C  Any rules that people in a culture receive throughout his life time.
D  Rules and codes that shape one’s cultural perspective and behavior.
33  By reading The Open and Closed Mind, we may________.
A  find a way of solving the Denny Doodlebug problem
B  realize how little we know about the complexity of human behavior
C  bring to light codes of some societies which we didn't know before
D  be aware of the difficulties of communications between different cultures
34  It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A  in some societies, people's behaviors are not governed by cultural codes
B  there are still societies whose cultural codes still remain a mystery to us
C  once people accept a cultural code, they'll have a full understanding of their behavior
D  The Open and Closed Mind exerts great impact on people's behavior
35  Which one of the following statements about cultural code is TRUE? ________
A  People in the same society may be governed by different cultural codes.
B  Cultural codes are passed on from one generation to another either in written form or in oral form or in both.
C  Cultural codes in different cultures may differ sharply from one another.
D  The influence of cultural codes on an individual may decrease as he becomes older.

第二篇     Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste
The withdrawal of Nevada’s Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located.
“The main goal.., should be to provide the United States with multiple alternatives and substantial public involvement in an open siting and design process that requires acceptance by host communities and states,” the authors write.
Ewing and von Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress in 1987 as the only site to be investigated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved after more than three decades of often controversial debate. The reasons include the site’s geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agency’s standard, unreliable funding and the failure to involve local communities in the decision-making process.
Going forward, efforts should be directed at locating storage facilities in the nation’ s northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western regions, and states within a given region should be responsible for developing solutions that suit their pa