高考英语本复习必修五-Unit-15人教新课标.pptx

1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?B.ArchimedesC.ThomasEdisonA.CharlesDarwin2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?A.MarieCurieC.CharlesDarwinB.GregorMendel3.Whoinventthefirststeamengine?A.ThomasNewcomenC.ThomasEdisonB.Archimedes4.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren.A.ThomasEdisonC.ArchimedesB.GregorMendel5.Whodiscoveredradium?A.MarieCurieC.NewtonB.ZhangHeng6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?A.StephenHawkingC.ThomasEdisonB.Archimedes7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?A.GregorMendelC.MarieCurieB.LeonardodaVinci8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?A.SirHumphryDavyC.FaradayB.ThomasNewcomen9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?A.CharlesDarwinC.Watt B.ZhangHeng10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?A.StephenHawkingC.CopernicusB.ArchimedesSpeakingactivityDiscussingroupsoffour,whichfielddoyouwanttocontributeyourselftointhefuture?Onetakesdownthegroupmatesopinions,afterthat,reportthegroupmatesopinionstothewholeclass.Speaking(3m)一、单词拼写一、单词拼写根据读音、词性和词义写出单词。根据读音、词性和词义写出单词。1._5hAndl5hAndln.柄；把手柄；把手v.处理处理2._E5naunsE5naunsvt.宣告；通知宣告；通知3._i5mi:djEtlii5mi:djEtliadv.立即；马上立即；马上4._kEn5klu:dkEn5klu:dvt.&vi.结束；推断出结束；推断出5._ri5pi:tri5pi:tvt.&vi.重复；重做重复；重做6._kjuEkjuE n.治愈；痊愈治愈；痊愈vt.痊愈痊愈7._iks5pEuziks5pEuzvt.暴露；揭露暴露；揭露8._vjuvju:n.看法，见解；景色看法，见解；景色9._E5diFEnE5diFEnn.增加；加增加；加10._5bAkwEd5bAkwEdadv.&adj.向后地向后地handleannounceimmediatelyconcluderepeatcureexposeviewadditionbackward11._striktstriktadj.严格的，严密的严格的，严密的12._ri5dVektri5dVektvt.拒绝拒绝13._bleimbleimv.责备；责备；谴责谴责n.过失；责备过失；责备14._kEm5pli:tkEm5pli:t adj.完成的完成的vt.完成，结束完成，结束15._kEn5trEulkEn5trEulvt.&n.控制；支配控制；支配16._5vaiErEs5vaiErEsn.病毒病毒17._E5tendE5tendv.看护；照料；出席；参加看护；照料；出席；参加18._5endVin5endVinn.发动机；引擎发动机；引擎19._di5fi:tdi5fi:tvt.击败；战胜击败；战胜n.失败失败20._in5strQktn5strQktvt.通知；指示；教导通知；指示；教导instructstrictrejectblamecompletecontrolvirusattendenginedefeat二、单词运用二、单词运用根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。个恰当的单词或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Wilson_Jasonbyaboutameterandwontheraceatlast.2.Keepindoorsanddont_yourskintothesun,oryoullgetsunburned.3.TheotherdayHenrylost_ofhimselfandhithiswife,butlaterhemadeanapologytoher.4.Afterthinkinglonghardaboutit,wevec_thattherightdecisionistomovetoChicago.5.By a_thepartsofthesentencewecanlearnmoreaboutEnglishgrammar.defeatedexposecontrolconcludeanalysing6.Thec_Ilikebestinherishermodestyandkindness.7.A_inherpapers,shedidntnoticemycoming.8.Theresultofthisexaminationwillbe_(宣布宣布)tomorrow.9.Apart_theconstructionmentionedabove,youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.10.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsled_thesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.tocharacteristicAbsorbedannouncedfrom三、词语派生三、词语派生用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Thenewswasso_(inspire)thatallofuswere_(inspire).2.Wemustpreventthewaterfrom_(pollute).3.Weshouldstudyhardandbereadytomakegreater_(contribute)toourcountryinthefuture.4.Hedidnotshowany_(enthusiastic)forournewplans.5.TheMay4th_(move)of1919isveryimportantinthehistoryofChina.inspiringinspiredbeingpollutedcontributionsenthusiasmMovement6.Therewasalarge_(attend)atthemeeting.7.Thereusedtobeakindofwhatwascalled“literatureof_(expose)”inthe1980sinChina.8.Thearrivalofcanalswasofgreat_(valuable)tomanyindustries.9.Heisverycautiousaboutcommittinghimselftoanythingwhilehisbrotherisvery_(cautious).10.Hetookastepbackwardinordertotakethreesteps_(backward).attendanceexposurevalueincautiousforward四、词语互译四、词语互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。1._ 1._ 蒸汽机蒸汽机 2._ 2._ 提出提出 3._ 3._ 得出结论得出结论 4._ 4._ 也；另外也；另外 5._ 5._ 将将和和连接起来连接起来6._ 6._ 除除之外；此外之外；此外 7._ 7._ 对对严格严格 8._ 8._ 通向；导致通向；导致 9._ 9._ 有意义；说得通有意义；说得通 steamengineputforwarddraw/makeaconclusioninadditionlinktoapartfrom(be)strictwithleadtomakesense10.pointofview_11.curesb.ofadisease_12.attend(on)sb._13.makeup_14.theway_etoanend_16.takeup_17.knowabout_18.lookinto_态度；观点态度；观点治愈某人嫉病治愈某人嫉病看护看护/照料某人照料某人和解；化妆和解；化妆/装；虚构（故事等）装；虚构（故事等）道路；方法；程度道路；方法；程度结束；完成结束；完成开始从事；占据开始从事；占据知道；了解知道；了解调查；研究调查；研究五、词组运用五、词组运用词组填空词组填空根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当的形式填空。个适当的词组并用其适当的形式填空。1.Severalimportantplans_atyesterdaysmeeting.2._,thechildrenweretaughthowtoplaythepiano.3.Differencesofopinion_heateddiscussion.4.Thankyouverymuchfortheinformation,SirandIllgetoneofourdetectivesto_thematter.wereputforwardInadditionledtolookinto翻译填空翻译填空根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选出一个恰当根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。的词组完成句子。5.在经过了长期的繁荣之后，在经过了长期的繁荣之后，这个家族最终走向灭亡。这个家族最终走向灭亡。Afteralongperiodofprosperity,thefamily_.6.除了沉溺于电脑游戏，除了沉溺于电脑游戏，他似乎无事可做。他似乎无事可做。_hisbeingaddictedtothecomputergames,heseemstohavenothingtodo.7.这段不知所云的文章读起来很费劲。这段不知所云的文章读起来很费劲。Theparagraphwhichdoesnt_ishardtoread.cametoanendApartfrommakesense句子翻译句子翻译从上述短语中选出一个恰当的短语翻译下列从上述短语中选出一个恰当的短语翻译下列句子。句子。8.你在国外时，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？你在国外时，是哪些好心人在照料你呀？_?9.他擅长编故事。他擅长编故事。_.10.五十岁时，他开始从事一门新的职业，对于这个职五十岁时，他开始从事一门新的职业，对于这个职业他一直梦寐以求。业他一直梦寐以求。_.Hebegantotakeupanewcareerattheageoffifty,whichhehadbeendreamingof.Whichkindpeoplewereattending(on)youwhenyouwereabroad?Heisgoodatmakingupstories.六、语法填空六、语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个恰当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。正确形式填空。JohnSnowwas31_well-knowndoctorinLondonin32_19thcentury.Hewantedtofindthecauseofcholerainordertocontrol33_.In1854whenacholerabrokeout,hebegantogatherinformation.Hemarkedonamapwhereallthe34_(die)peoplehadlived35_hefoundthatmanypeople36_haddrunkthedirtywaterfromthewaterpumpdied.Sohedecidedthatthe37_(pollute)watercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersupply38_examinedandnewmethods39_dealingwithpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”was40_(defeat).atheitdeadandwho/thatpolluted(should)beofdefeatedGrammar一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语1 1、单单个个的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时一一般般兼兼有有被被动动和和完完成成的意义，常作前置定语。的意义，常作前置定语。eg：a lostlost animal一只迷路的动物一只迷路的动物 a usedused stamp一枚用过的邮票一枚用过的邮票an injuredinjured finger 一个受伤的手指一个受伤的手指 a brokenbroken coin 一枚破损的硬币一枚破损的硬币 a lightedlighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛一支点燃的蜡烛注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。e.g.：spokenspoken English 英语口语英语口语 writtenwritten exercises 书面练习书面练习少少数数表表示示位位移移或或状状态态改改变变的的不不及及物物动动词词的的过过去分词只有完成的意义去分词只有完成的意义fallenfallenleaves落叶落叶 therisenrisensun升起来的太阳升起来的太阳theadvancedadvancedcountries发达国家发达国家drunkendrunkenman一个醉鬼一个醉鬼areturnedreturnedstudent一名留学生一名留学生aretiredretiredteacher一名退休教师一名退休教师anescapedescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯by-goneby-gonedays过去的岁月过去的岁月2 2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和或完成意义。e.g.：How I regretted the hours wastedwasted in the woods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊I like wearing clothes mademade of this kind of cloth我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。e.g.：The books writtenwritten by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎鲁迅写的书很受欢迎Well go to visit the bridge builtbuilt hundreds of years ago我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Practice:ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.1）Hetoldusofthegreatwrongdonetohim.=Hetoldusofthegreatwrong_tohim.whichhadbeendone注注：本本句句中中的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，既既表表被被动又表完成。动又表完成。2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry _.whichhasdeveloped注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3）Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge_there?whichisbeingbuilt注注：本本句句中中的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，表表示示被被动动的的动作正在进行。动作正在进行。二、过去分词作表语二、过去分词作表语1 1、过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，表表示示主主语语的的特特点点或或所所处处的的状状态态，其其前前的的系系动动词词有有包包括括bebe在在内内的的多多种种形式。形式。e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。You seem frightened.你似乎受了惊吓。你似乎受了惊吓。2 2、过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，构构成成的的系系表表结结构构与与被动语态的区别：被动语态的区别：过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，强强调调主主语语的的特特点点或或所所处处的的状状态态；而而被被动动语语态态中中，主主语语是是动动词所表示动作的承受者。词所表示动作的承受者。e.g.：This shop is now closedclosed 这家商店现在已经关门了。这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态状态)This shop is closedclosed at 6 pm everyday 这家商店每天这家商店每天6 6点关门。点关门。(动作动作）Practice:Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.1.丢了钱他自责不已。丢了钱他自责不已。He_aboutlosingthemoney.2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？Whydoyoualways_?Doyousleepwellthesedays?3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。I_thefilmIsawlastnight,Ihadexpectedittobebetter.gotblamedlooksotiredwasdisappointedwith4.听听说说那那位位明明星星死死了了，人人人人都都很很惊惊讶讶。Everybody _to hear thedeathofthefamousfilmstar5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。Thechildren_goingtothezoo6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.His wound _ anewviruswasshockedarereallyexcitedaboutbecameinfectedwith1.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M.2.A.knowing B.known3.C.being known D.to be known高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，3M3M与与knowknow之间是被动关系，故用过之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。2.The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。此处考查过去分词作后置。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，定语，discdisc与与recordrecord之间是被动关系，故之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。用过去分词表示。3.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。knowknow与与wordswords，expressionsexpressions，phrasesphrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。示被动。4.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt高考链接B解析：答案解析：答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语，。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰修饰flowersflowers。smellsmell为系动词，不能用于为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于被动语态，相当于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。Language points for Reading I Language points for Reading II1.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London-so famous,indeed that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.约翰约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生-他的确他的确太富盛名了太富盛名了,以至于维多利亚女王生孩子时都以至于维多利亚女王生孩子时都是他去照料是他去照料,帮助她顺利分娩帮助她顺利分娩.attend v.(1)to take care;give attention注意注意,留意留意.如如:Well attendattend to the solution of that problem later.(2)to take good care of(a sick person,for example)照看照看,照料照料.如如:医生照看病人医生照看病人.The doctor attendedattended the patients.(3)to be present at出席出席,到场到场.如如:attendattend school上学上学attendattend a lecture听讲座听讲座attendattend church去教堂去教堂attendattend(at)a wedding出席婚礼出席婚礼2.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.exposed to cholera在句子中是过去分词用作后在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语置定语,表示被动表示被动.意为意为 “患霍乱的患霍乱的”.如如:The book writtenwritten by LuXun is very popular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的.昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生.The man seenseen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.发散思维：发散思维：exposed adj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的无掩蔽的exposedness n.暴露，显露暴露，显露开放思维开放思维:expose to使易受，使受使易受，使受expose sth to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下 expose a fraud 揭穿骗局揭穿骗局3.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.every time在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为意为“每次，每当每次，每当”e.g.Every timeEvery time I meet him,I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。注意注意:immediately,the moment,directly,instantly等与等与every time一样，都可以用作连词引导时间一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为状语从句，意为 “一一.就就”。如：。如：I will give the letter to him immediatelyimmediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他。我一见到他就把这封信给他。I came directlydirectly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了。我一接到你的信就来了。4.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.absorb.into吸收吸收 如：如：e.g.The big company has gradually absorbedabsorbed these small companies intointo its own organization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。absorb v.(1)(1)吸收（液体）；承受；承担吸收（液体）；承受；承担.如如:(2)to occupy the full attention,interest,or time of;engross吸引；使专心；使全神贯注吸引；使专心；使全神贯注 如如:我们不能承担这些费用。我们不能承担这些费用。作家全神贯注的进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟作家全神贯注的进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰的烟灰.The writer was so absorbedabsorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.Well not absorbabsorb these charges.他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特别他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特别厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。5.He found that in two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.severe v.(1)unsparing or harsh,as in treatment of others;strict严厉的；苛刻的；严格的严厉的；苛刻的；严格的.如如:The severesevere trainer has gone abroad.You can breathe freely again.(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress;extremely violent or intense;very serious.剧痛的，剧烈的，剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的，难熬的严重的，难熬的 如如:a severesevere attack of toothache.要求苛严的教官已经出国要求苛严的教官已经出国.你可以完全放心。你可以完全放心。牙痛的剧烈发作。牙痛的剧烈发作。这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。价值的线索。6.The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.valuable(1)adj.worth of a lot of money 值钱的，贵重的值钱的，贵重的 如：如：The watch is valuablevaluable.这表很值钱。这表很值钱。a valuablevaluable diamond.贵重的钻石。贵重的钻石。(2)adj.having great usefulness or value 如如:valuablevaluable information(3)n.(常用复数形式常用复数形式)sth that worth a lot of money.如如:Cathy kept her valuablesvaluables in a safe.重大的消息重大的消息凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.7.It seemed the water was to blame.看来霍乱看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。的流行要归罪于饮水了。be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于情，相当于must,should,ought to等。等。如：如：No one is to leaveis to leave this buildingthis building without the permission of the police.没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。You are not to dropare not to drop litterlitter in the park.公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。8.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其次，约翰其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。look into看看.里面；里面；to investigate检查；检查；了解。了解。如：如：Well look intolook into this matter together.我们将一起调查这个问题。我们将一起调查这个问题。开放思维：开放思维：lookon观看，面向，旁观，看待观看，面向，旁观，看待lookout面朝，留神，照料面朝，留神，照料lookover从上面看，察看，检查从上面看，察看，检查lookaround环顾，观光，察看环顾，观光，察看lookthrough看穿，审核，浏览，温习看穿，审核，浏览，温习lookupanddown仔细打量，到处寻找仔细打量，到处寻找lookafter寻求，照顾，关心寻求，照顾，关心9.In addition,he found two other deaths in another parts of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.除此之外，他发现在伦敦的另一个地方有两除此之外，他发现在伦敦的另一个地方有两个死亡的病例与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联。个死亡的病例与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联。in addition adv.as well as另外另外 如：如：In additionIn addition,the course also produces practical experience.此外这门功课还提供了实践的基础。此外这门功课还提供了实践的基础。linkto.把把与与连接；联系连接；联系 如：如：Fingerprints linkedlinked the suspect to to the crime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。be linked to连接连接 如：如：The two towns are linkedlinked by a railway.10.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease.announce v.to make known publicly 如：如：The captain announcedannounced that the plane was going to land.有了这个证据，约翰有了这个证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。这种被污染的水携带病毒。机长宣布飞机就要着陆了机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。1.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。行星的运动才能说得清楚。only if 只有；只要。当以只有；只要。当以onlyonly引导的短语或状引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。要倒装。1)Only ifOnly if a teacher page permission is a student allowed to enter the room.2)Only byOnly by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.make sensemake sense 讲得通；有道理讲得通；有道理 1)1)看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。Here,read the sentence.It doesnt seem to make sensemake sense.2)2)你编的故事我听不明白你编的故事我听不明白。Your story doesnt make sensemake sense to me.2.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。with the planets going round it是wi