外研版高中英语高一至高三重点短语、词汇.doc

高一英语重点短语，词汇
quality ( C ) quantity ( C )
fun ( U ) funny adj
make + sb/sth + n make him our leader
sb/sth + adj make the room clean
sb + do
sb/sth + done make me understood
agree + to sth
on sth
with sb
with + 从句
argue + with sb ( about/ over sth)
for/against sth 为/反对….而争辩
fill in 填写，添满，消磨时间
reason ( C ) 原因，理由
for … … reason   由于…的原因
the reason for + 短语 … … 的原因
the reason why + 句子 … … 的原因
the reason why + 句子 + is/was that + 表语从句
cause 起因，缘由 + of the cause of the accident
interest n ( C/U ) Vt
take/ feel an interest in sth = be interested in
with interest 怀着极大兴趣地
imagine Vt 想象，认为
imagine + n
+ doing sth
+ sb’s doing sth I can’t imagine their stealing.
+ that + 从句
Survive Vt Vi + from
He was very lucky to survive the war.
Many patients have survived from the disaster.
alone adv/adj （客观上）独自地 live alone
lonely adj （主观上）孤独的 feel lonely
on a flight 在飞行中
on a trip/journey 在旅行中
on the go 忙个不停
crash V 撞碎，撞坏，坠毁，倒塌，崩溃
desert n 沙漠，荒原 V 离弃，放弃，遗弃 逃离
deserted adj 荒芜的，无人的
learn to do sth 学会做… …
learn doing/n 学做… …
all alone = all by oneself
all along = always 一直，始终
collect 收集 （ 有目的，主观，有选择地搜）
gather 把散的东西集中在一起
fire n ( U )
make fire 生火
catch fire 着火
put out the fire 灭火
( be) on fire 着火/失火
set sth on fire 放火烧sth
challenge n (C) 挑战 Vt 向…挑战，对…质疑
accept a challenge to do … …
challenge sb to do 向sb挑战做….
develop V 发展，研制，开发，培养
develop a friendship with sb ( 建立 )
develop an interest in sth ( 培养 )
realise 认识到，体会，领悟，使…成为现实
think about = think over 仔细思考
think of
think back to 回想
think nothing of 觉得…不怎么样
think out 想出
think/speak highly/much of 对…评价高，赞赏
think little of 对…评价不高，不赞成
treat Vt 对待，治疗，处理，款待
treat A as B 把A当作B
treat sb for…. 给sb治…病
treat sb to sth 用……款待sb
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
have sth done 使… …被做 （ 主观有/无意 ）
get sth done 使… …被做 （ 主观有意 ）
make friends (with sb) 与sb交友
make enemies (with sb) 与 sb 树敌
care about 在意，在乎
care for 喜欢，照顾，关心
example n ( C )
take … for example 以… …为例
set an example to sb = set sb an example 为sb树立个榜样
joke n ( C )
tell jokes 说笑话
play a joke on sb 戏弄sb
share sth with sb 与sb分享/共用sth
be tired of sth/doing 厌烦做… ….
be tired from sth/doing 因做了… 而累
at all 真地，竟然，究竟，到底
not… ….at all 根本不，一点也不
半情态动词：need / dare
need / dare to do sth 用于肯定句，疑问句，否定句
need / dare do 用于疑问句，否定句
be/feel at home 随便，自由自在
make sb at home （使…）别客气，别拘束
mean to do
mean doing
in the/one’s way 妨碍，挡住…的路
in a way 从某种意义/程度上说
by way of 经由…. 取道…
lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way 努力向前
all the way 一路上
on one’s way to swh
not a bit 一点也不
not a little = very much
majority + n 复数，谓语用复数
the majority 做主语，谓语单复数均可
equal 相等的，同样的，平等的，
be equal + with/to
on one’s own = alone = all by oneself 独自地
situation 情况，处境，形势 （指环境/外在）
condition 状况，状态（指个体/内在）
state 状态，状况（只用单数，与in 连用）
in a state of …. …
wide adj /adv widely adv
high adj / adv highly adv
deep adj / adv deeply adv
close adj / adv closely adv
late adj / adv lately adv 最近 = recently
on/ over the radio 通过无线电 on TV
on the phone 通过电话
knowledge n [ U ]
to one’s knowledge 据… …所知
a/ the knowledge of … …. 的知识
in the future 在将来 in future 从今以后
exchange n / Vt 交换，交流，兑换
exchange sth with sb
come about = take place 发生，产生
come across （偶然）遇见/发现
come along with 随同
while 而，却，尽管
end up with 以… …结束/告终
begin/ start with 以… …开始
over + 时间段 （强调动作发生在时间后）
during + 时间段 （强调动作发生在时间内）
for + 时间段 动作或状态持续的时间
consider doing sth 考虑做….
consider sb/ sth to do … 认为… …
means n （单/复数）同形，“手段，方法”
meaning n [ C ] “意思，含义”
by means of 通过…的方式
by this/that means 通过这种/那种方式
by no means 决不
follow 跟随，理解，沿着…走，听从
follow one’s advice / instructions 听从某人的建议
follow the example of 以…为榜样
as follows 如下
go through = experience get through = finish
try to do sth 尽力地去做… try doing 试着做…
watch out for = be careful
wear 强调状态 put on 强调动作
have on 强调状态（不用进行时）
up : 向上/高，向北，进城，进入
down : 向下/低，向南，下乡，出去
in danger 处于险境 in danger of 有…的危险
out of danger 脱离险境
handle : n 柄，把手 Vt 操作，处理，管理，对待
separate: adj单独的，分开的 V 分离，分开，隔离（+from）
be off = leave be off to + 目的地 = leave for + 目的地
see sb off 送sb see sb out 送sb 出去
combine A and B = combine A with B
be good to sb/sth 对…好/有利
be bad to sb/sth 对…不好/不利
learn about 了解…的事
cause: n 原因 the cause of sth Vt 引起，造成，产生
sink sank sunk Vi 下沉，沉没，低下 = go down
for fun = in fun take place = happen
frighten Vt = scare 使…害怕，使…惊吓
frightened = scared 受惊吓的
firghtening = scaring 令人害怕的
be afraid of 对…担心 be afraid to do sth 不敢做…
a big mass of = masses of = lots of 大批的，大量的
advance ：使…前进/提出/提高 Vi 高升/涨价
n 前进/进展
advanced adj 先进的，高级的 in advance 预先，提前
drag：拉/拽/拖（大/重物） pull：拉/拔（用力可大可小）
draw：拉住/吸引 drawer：抽屉，支票
hold onto 抓住，抓牢，保持，不放弃，不卖掉
struggle against/for/with
fight over 为…而争吵 fight back：还击，忍住
finally = at last = in the end
flow flowed flowed flowing
fly flow flown flying
strike：用力打（一次或多次） hit：常用（一次性打中）
beat：后大多加人，多次/有节奏地打或跳 defeat：击败
day after day：日复一日地（无变化）
day by day： 一天天地（有变化）
cut down 砍倒，减少，降低，削减
destroy：V破坏，消灭 （不可修补）
damage：Vt/n 损坏，损失（可修补，补偿）
ruin：V/n 破坏，灭亡，夷为平地
refer to：意思是指… 提及，谈到，查阅
fear: n(U) / V 恐惧，害怕
for fear of 担心… 以防…
for fear that + 句子 担心… 以防…
in/with fear 惊恐地 fear for 为…而担心
look up at 抬头看… look up 抬头/查阅 look up to 尊敬...
look down at 低头看… look down upon 瞧不起…
look down 低头
catch sb doing sth 抓住sb正在做…
grow into = grow up to be 长成，发展成…
make a choice 做出选择
make no choice but todo sth：除了做…而别无选择
In the beginning ------in the end
At the beginning of ----- at the end of
Make money, save money , collect money
at a speed of 以…的速度
speed up 加速 slow down 减速
at full/top speed　全速地
work on 从事于…，致力于… work at sth/somewhere
owe：欠，感激，把…归功于…
owe sb sth　欠sb sth　　　owe … to …把…归功于…
owe it to sb that + 从句（it是形式宾语that 从句是真实宾语）
I owe it to you that I have made much progress in English.
a pair of… 一对，一双，一付
a couple of 　指两个…（不一定是一对）
above all　　　all along 一直　　　　after all
all the same 依然，仍然　　　all at once　突然
can’t help doing 情不自禁地做….
can’t help (to) do　不能帮着做…
can’t help but do= can’t choose but do
= can’t but do = have to do
take one’s place = take the place of sb 代替sb
take one’s place = be seated　　就座
keep on doing： 坚持做..
keep away from：离开…，不接近…
keep back： 阻止，抑制，隐瞒
keep out (of) 挡住，不让…进来
keep up 保持，继续，持续
keep up with 不落后于…，跟上
cause trouble = make trouble： 制造麻烦
get into trouble： 遇到麻烦
have trouble/difficult (in) doing sth：做…有麻烦
save/ spare trouble： 避免麻烦
put sb to trouble： 给sb添麻烦
decide to do == be determined to do sth
afford V 负担得起… afford + n afford to do sth
comment n [C ]/ [ U ] 评论
comment Vi + ( on / upon) sth 就…提出看法
in one’s opinion = in one’s eye’s 以…的观点来看
have a good/ poor/ high/ low opinion of sb
think well/ ill/ highly/ low opinion of sb
off work 在休假 out of work 失业
in work 有职业 at work 在工作中
cut…into 切成为……
cut through/ across 穿过，横过 cut away 切下，砍倒
cut down 砍倒，削减，减少 cut off 切断，停止供应
interrupt = get in a word 插嘴，打断
for a moment = for a while 一段时间 for the moment 暂时
the moment = as soon as at the moment = now
apologise v. 道歉 apology: n 道歉
apologise for ( doing) sth apologise to sb for ( doing) sth
make / offer an apology ( to sb for sth)
accept / refuse an apology
introduce:Vt介绍，引进，传入，使…认识/了解
seat：n [C] 座位，Vt 就座
take / have a seat = sit down take one’s seat 就座
no one 只指人不与of 短语连用，回答who 提问的句子
——Who is here? ——No one.
none ( 3个以上)指人/事或物。回答how many / much提问
—— How many people are there? —— None.
neither ( 两者都不) ，后谓语用单数
nothing 指物，不与of 短语连用，回答what提问的句子。
go over = review ：复习，检查，走过去。
宽恕，原谅：excuse(语气较轻) pardon( 赦免 )
forgive 从心里宽恕
question：课业上的，需要别人回答的问题用answer回答。
problem：客观存在的，社会的棘手的问题，用solve回答。
no question / no problem 毫无疑问／….不可能的
There is no question + that 从句
There is no question of / about
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question　＝ impossible
pay a visit to sb / sth 拜访…　
pay one’s respect to …　向…表示敬意
pay back　　偿还，报复　　　pay off　　还清
manners: (复)　礼貌，规矩，风俗，生活方式
manner: n 态度，样子，举止，与of 连用
impression：n ( C )　印象，感觉，印记
make / leave a + (adj) impression on sb 给sb留下…的印象
at the table 　= 　near the table
at table 在吃饭， at desk 在学习
sometimes：有时 , 　　sometime： 某时
some time：一段时间 , some times：一些次
custom：n ( C ) 风俗，习惯，习俗　　customs：关税
the Customs：海关　　　　　　　　　customer：顾客
course: n ( C )　一道菜，课程，进程，过程，航道
in course of 在…中　in / during the course of 在…过程中
raise： Vt 　　　rise： Vi
advice：n ( U ) 建议，意见　a piece of advice
give sb some advice on… …就某事给sb提建议
ask ( sb) for advice on …　 向sb征求建议
take / follow ( one’s ) advice 接受…建议
advise ( doing) sth　　advise sb ( not) to do sth
advise + that 从句
too much + n ( U ) much too + adj / adv
besides：而且，加之　＝　what’s more.
loud：adj / adv 大声的／地
aloud：adv　　出声地　（＝silently 安静地）
loudly：adv　　喧闹地，吵闹地，高声地
extra：adj 额外的，特别的。adv：特别地，非常地。
leak out ：漏掉，删去，忽略
It’s time for sth It’s time to do sth
It’s time for sb to do sth It’s time that sb did sth
give/ send one’s best wishes to sb 向sb致意
wish to do sth wish sb to do sth wish sb n /adj
make / tell a joke 　　　说笑话　　
have a joke with sb　　 与sb 说笑话
play a joke on sb　 戏弄sb
in joke = for / in fun 闹着玩地，非当真地
base … on … 把…建立在…，以…为基础
be based on　 以… …为基础
represent = stand for 代表
under attack 　遭受攻击　 under repair　　在维修中
under studuy　　在研究中　　　
under construction 在建设中 under control处于控制之下
give in　屈服，投降，上交
turn in = hand in 上交
give in to sb 向…让步，迁就
in pieces：成碎片，破碎，落空
break (sth ) to / into pieces
fall to pieces ：… …摔成碎片
tear (sth) into pieces 把… …撕成碎片
replace = take the place of 　替换，取代
change one’s mind
keep … in mind 记住
read one’s mind　　看出sb 的心思
pull down ：拆掉，摧毁，推翻，使…降低／下跌
not…but…　不是…而是…
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
lose one’s breath　　喘不过气来
out of breath　　　　上气不接下气
a deep breath　　　　深呼吸
be worth doing
值得做　　be worthy of being done
be worthy to be done
every two days 每两天
every other days 每隔几天
+ do sth
would rather + not do sth
+ do A than do B = would do A rather than do B
Compete Vi 竞争，比赛
compete in + 比赛
compete with / against + 人
compete for + sth
+ n
allow , permit + sb to do sth
+ doing sth
father：直接义　　further：引申义
make every possible effort to do sth
make the great effort to do sth
prepare for sth 　　　　　　 为…而准备
prepare to do sth 　　　　　准备做sth
prepare sb for sth / to do sth 使…准备好做某事
have an effect on /upon …. 对…有影响，对…起作用
more than 超过，多于，远不止
passive adj　积极的　　active adj 主动的，积极的
join + 组织，团体
join in + 活动
take part in + 活动（起到一定作用）
It depends.　看情况吧。
live a happy/ life
smile a sweet/ bitter smile
sing a beautiful/ sweet song
late : adj / adv 晚的／地，迟的地
latest: adj　　　 最新的，最近的
latter : pron / adj　后者，与former对应
lately: adv　　　 最近
add A to B 把Ａ加到Ｂ上
add to 增加
add up 加起来
add up to 总计，和计
remind sb of / about sth：提醒sb sth，使sb想起sth
remind sb to do sth
in case of ：万一…　….（指坏事）
in case：adv／pron　以防万一，
in no case ：　决不
in any case ： 无论如何
in that case：　如果那样
wonder: n ( U ) 奇迹，奇观，(C ) 令人惊奇的事，物
　　　 Ｖt = want to know ； no wonder ：难怪
force sb to do sth = force sb into doing sth 强迫sb 做sth
come up with：赶上，提出，相出　
succeed in ( doing ) sth
the reason for …. the cause of
die out：灭绝 die for：为…而死
die of：死于…（内因）die from：死于…（外因）
die off：相继去世
by turns = in turn 按次序地，依次地
take turns doing sth 轮流做….
take measures to do sth 采取措施去做…
make … to one’s measure 按照….的尺寸做
adapt to：适应，适合… （to是介词 ）
adapt….to… Vt 使…适合….
devote one’s life / money / time / oneself to sth
in common with …：与…有共同之处
set … free 释放…
free of charge　免费地
for free　　　　无偿地，免费地
free from　　　不受…的损害
respond = react 反应，　　respond to 对…作出反应
amount / deal 后加不可数名词
a large amount of + n ( U ) a great deal of + n ( U )
desire:n ( C) / ( U ) 愿望，渴望　+　(for sth)
advice n ( U) , suggestion n ( C )
经常用做插入词：think / know / believe / suppose
sure： 表语形容词，大多人作主语
certain：定语形容词，大多由sth作主语
dance to the music/ song 伴着音乐／歌跳舞
a world of + n ( C) / ( U ) 无数的，大量的……
have sth in common with …. 与…有共同之处
spread：传播，传开＝get round，伸展/延伸/展开/铺开
variety：多样性，种类，变化
a variety of = various different kinds of… …
record : n ( C ) 记录，唱片 Vt 记录下来，记载，录制
write a record of……. 记录下…
break a record 　　　打破记录
keep the record of … 保持…的记录
be similar to…. 　　与…相似
be satisfied / content with sb / sth 对….满意
be satisfied / content to do sth
totally = completely = thoroughly = wholly
express：Vt 表达　n 快车　adj 特快的
expression：n（C）表达，表情，表达方式
take down = put down = write down ：写下，记下
take back 收回
take in　　　接受，吸收，理解，欺骗
take on　　 呈现，雇佣，从事
take over　　接管
take up　　 占据，占领，开始做…
a series of … 一系列的，一连串的，
in trouble 处于困境中
have trouble (in) doing sth　做…有麻烦
get into trouble 　陷入困境
make trouble 　　制造麻烦
take trouble to do sth　费心做…
save / spare trouble　　省事，避免麻烦
learn … from 　向….学
learn of / about　　 听说／了解…
learn … by heart　　用心学…
be afraid to do sth 不敢做…
be afraid of (doing) sth　对做…担心
power：能力，电力，力量，动力，权力，政权
in power：执政
take power / come into power 上台，开始执政
come across = run across = meet with = happen to meet
= run into = meet…by chance 偶然遇见…
grow into 成长为，发展成…
grow up 长大
habit ：个人习惯
customs：群体习惯；国家、民族等风俗
have a habit of doing sth
form / develop the habit of … …养成… …的习惯
be in the habit of … 有…的习惯
get / fall into the habit of… 染上…的习惯
get sb into the habit of … 使sb染上…的习惯
out of habit 出于习惯
compare…to … 把…比作
compare … with… 把…和…相比
compared to / with 与…相比（句首，做伴随状语）
whisper：Vt 私语，低声说，Vi + to sb，n [ C] 低声
so good a boy = such a good boy
if only 要是…就好了
only if 只要，只有
what if 倘若…该怎么办？
as if = as though 似乎，好像
turn around / round 转回身
turn back 折回，返回
turn out 结果是，原来是，证明是
use up 用完
burn up 烧完
eat up 吃完
end up (with ) 结束/ 以…告终
make a list of… …列出..的清单
hurt ：指精神上，肉体上的伤害（强调疼痛，难受）
harm：指对人，对事有害。
wound：多指外伤
injure：指意外事故造成的伤害。
a bit = a little
not a bit = not … at all
not a little = very much
examine :Vt 仔细检查，测验（多指身体或考试）
check: Vt 查验，核对。
keep up with：跟上，不落后
catch up with：追上，赶上
offer：Vt 提供，给予，出…的价；n 提供，供给
offer to do sth：（主动地）答应做… …
choose ：选中，选定（强调结果）
choose from：从…中选择（强调选的过程）
select：精挑细选
however if + 从句：要是…就会更…（好/坏）
He did it very well, however, if he read it like this.
probably : adv 可能性最大
possibly: adv 可能性最小
likely: adj / adv sb be likely to do sth… sb 很可能做…
a large amount of = a great deal of