企业行政管理英语复习.doc

Near peer 旗鼓相当
Status quo 现状
Throw off the yoke 摆脱束缚
Nuclear proliferation 核扩散
The House of Representatives 众议院
Ineluctable 不可避免的
At the helm 掌管
Drug trafficking 毒品贩卖
Disavow 抵赖
It is in vain to do 徒劳
Off-the-record 未经发表的，非正式的
Per-capita GDP 人均国民生产总值
Encroach up 侵略…
Lead sb. astray 把某人领入歧途
Partiality 偏袒、不公正
Self-fulfill 自我实现
Judicial power 司法权
Virtuous citizens 正直公民
Gloss over 掩盖
Belittle 轻视
Suffrage 投票权
Endeavor 努力
Reciprocal influence 互相影响
International order 国际秩序
Substitute A for B 用A代替B
In unison with 与…相一致
Monetary system 货币体系
Obnoxious 可恶的
Faction 党派
Pluralistic societies 多元社会
On one’s head 归罪于某人；由……承担责任

作文：本学期这门课学到了什么思想

阅读理解1篇

英译汉

Political realism refuses to identify the moral aspirations of a particular nation with the moral laws that govern the universe. As it distinguishes between truth and opinion, so it distinguishes between truth and idolatry. All nations are tempted-and few have been able to resist the temptation for long-to clothe their own particular aspirations and actions in the moral purposes of the universe. To know that nations are subject to the moral law is one thing, while to pretend to know with certainty what is good and evil in the relations among nations is quite another. There is a world of difference between the belief that all nations stand under the judgment of God, inscrutable to the human mind, and the blasphemous conviction that God is always on one’s side and that what one wills oneself cannot fail to be willed by God also.
He lighthearted equation between a particular nationalism and the counsels of Providence is morally indefensible, for it is that very sin of pride against which the Greek tragedians and the Biblical prophets have warned rulers and ruled. That equation is also politically pernicious, for it is liable to engender the distortion in judgment which, in the blindness of crusading frenzy, destroys nations and civilizations-in the name of moral principle, ideal, or God himself.
On the other hand, it is exactly the concept of interest defined in terms of power that saves us from both that moral excess and that political folly. For if we look at all nations, our own included, as political entities pursuing their respective interests defined in terms of power, we are able to do justice to all of them. And we are able to do justice to all of them in a dual sense: We are able to judge other nations as we judge our own and, having judged them in this fashion, we are then capable of pursuing policies that respect the interests of other nations, while protecting and promoting those of our own. Moderation in policy cannot fail to reflect the moderation of moral judgment.

译文：
政治现实主义拒绝把特定国家的道义愿望与普天下适用的道义法则等同起来。正如同它对真理和意见要加以区别一样，它也对真理和盲目崇拜加以区别。所有国家在诱惑下——没有几个国家能够长期抗拒那种诱惑——都以适用于全世界的道义目标来掩饰它们自己的特殊愿望和行动。知道国家受道义法则的约束是一国事，而确切知道在国家间关系中什么好什么不好则完全是另一回事。一种信念是，所有国家都将受到凡人之心不可测细的上帝的审判。另一种残害神明的信念是，上帝永远站在自己一边，自己的意愿必然也是上帝的意愿。这两种信念之间有天渊之别。
漫不经心地将某一特定的民族主义与上帝的意旨等同起来，在道义上是站不住脚的。因为希腊的悲剧作家们和圣经中的先知提醒统治者和被统治者注意的，正是那种傲慢的罪恶。这种等同在政治上也是有害的，因为它很容易造成歪曲的判断，这种歪曲的判断在盲目的十字军式的狂热中，毁灭了许多民族和文明；这种毁灭却是在道义原则，理想或上帝的名义下进行的。
另一方面，恰恰是以权力为定义的利益概念把我们从道义上的极端和政治上的愚蠢中拯救出来。因为如果我们把所有国家，包括我们自己的国家在内，都看作追求它们各自以权力为定义国家利益的政治单位，我们就能够以公正的态度对待所有国家：我们将能够像判断我们自己的国家一样判断其他国家。以这种态度判断它们之后，我们能够实行的政策，就既能尊重他国利益，同时又能保护和增进我们本国的利益.政策的适当必然反映道德判断的适当。
Summary of the text
政治现实主义强调，普遍的道德法则与某一特定国家的道德要求不可混为一谈，后者与各国国家利益的差异有关。而政策的适当则反映了道德的适当。