专题02-个人与家庭生活-2024年高考英语一轮复习主题词汇&阅读一遍过.docx

话题二 个人与家庭生活
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1.___________vt.抛弃，舍弃，放弃，丢弃；遗弃；离弃
2.___________vt.虐待，伤害；辱骂，诋毁；滥用，妄用
3.___________vt.陪伴；陪同；伴奏；伴随发生
4.___________n.相识(的人);熟人；相识，了解
5.___________adj.值得赞赏的；可钦佩的；钦佩的
6.___________vt.收养，领养；采用，采取；通过
7.___________n.祖宗；祖先；最初之物；起源；先驱
8.___________vt.欣赏；感激；赏识，鉴赏；意识到
9.___________vi.争辩，争论；辩论，说服；主张9.
10.___________n.争论，辩论，争辩；论点，论据，理由
11.___________vt.使联合；使发生联系，把……联想在一起
12.___________n.态度；意见；看法；判断
13.___________n.屏障，障碍(物),关卡；栅栏；检票口
14.___________adj.有利的，有帮助的，有用的
15.___________n.益处，好处；v.受益，得益；有益于
16.___________vt.打扰；麻烦；烦扰；迷惑；烦恼
17.___________vt.责备，指责；把……归咎于
18.___________n.新娘
19.___________n.新郎
20.___________v.埋葬；埋藏，隐藏；遮盖
21.___________adj.关系亲密的；靠近的；紧密的
22.___________n.同伴；同事；伴侣；朋友
23.___________v.抱怨，发牢骚；投诉
24.___________vt.谴责，指责；宣判，判以死刑
25.___________n.冲突；(意见)不和；争执；争论
26.___________vt.祝贺
27.___________n.祝贺，庆贺
28.___________n.良心；良知；道义感
29.___________vi.合作，协作
30.___________n.同事；同僚
31.___________vt.使离婚；断绝关系
32.___________v.管理；指挥；导演
33.___________adj.热情的；热烈的；热心的
34.___________adj.熟悉的，常见的；通晓的，谙熟的
35.___________n.摩擦，摩擦力；冲突
36.___________adj.友好的；友善的
37.___________vt.原谅；饶恕，宽恕
38.___________n.代；世代；一代人
39.___________adj.感激的，感谢的；令人愉快的
40.___________n.和睦；和谐；协调；调和；相符一致
41.___________adj.和谐的，协调的；一致的
42.___________n.(中小学)校长
43.___________n.班主任；(中小学)校长
44.___________n.一家人；家庭；同住一所房子的人
45.___________n.年幼者；低年级学生
46.___________adj.宽大的；仁慈的；宽大的
47.___________vt.误会；不理解；误解
48.___________adj.谦虚的；谦逊的；有礼貌的
49.___________n.社区；街坊；邻里，附近一带，近邻
50.___________n.侄子；外甥
51.___________n.伙伴；搭档；同伴；配偶
52.___________n.(13～19岁的)青少年
53.___________adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的；有能耐的
54.___________adv.耐心地；有毅力地；有能耐地
55.___________adv.礼貌地，客气地
56.___________adj.珍贵的，宝贵的
57.___________n.偏见，成见；侵害
58.___________adj.私人的；个人的；私有的；秘密的；私立的
59.___________vt.促进；提升；推动，发扬；宣传
60.___________n.&vi.争吵；吵架；口角
61.___________n.亲戚；亲属
62.___________n.关系，联系，关联
63.___________adj.可信赖的，可靠的
64.___________vt.尊重；尊敬；遵守n.敬意
65.___________adj.恭敬的，有礼貌的
66.___________n.年长者；高年级学生；上司
67.___________v.使分离，分开；分割；划分
68.___________vt.分享；合用；分摊n.股份；份额
69.___________adj.真诚的；诚挚的；真实的
70.___________n.紧张局势(或关系、状况);拉紧状态
71.a lack of understanding_______________________
72.be concerned for/about_______________________
73.be familiar to_______________________
74.be in harmony with..._______________________
75.be on good terms_______________________
76.be tolerant with_______________________
77.be to blame_______________________
78.break up_______________________
79.bring up_______________________
80.care for_______________________
81.依靠，相信，信赖；凭借_______________________
82.与……相适应/合得来_______________________
83.与某人相处融洽_______________________
84.与……取得联系_______________________
85.出毛病；失败；弄错；发生故障_______________________
86.有共同之处_______________________
87.与……发生口角_______________________
88.保持冷静，保持镇定_______________________
89.与……保持联系_______________________
90._鄙视，看不起；轻视；俯视_______________________
91.make up_______________________
词汇拓展
1.accept v.收受；接受(建议、邀请等);(认为合适或足够好而)接受；同意；认可
They offered her a job,and she _____________________with out hesitation.
他们提出给她一份工作，她毫不犹豫地接受了。
For a long time, he simply could not_____________________that she was dead.
在很长一段时间里，他就是无法接受她死了的事实。
It's_____________________that the universe is endless.
众所周知宇宙是无穷尽的。
I finally_____________________to work with them.我最后同意和他们一起工作。
【辨析】
accept与receive的区别
(1) receive通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,而accept则指主动地“接受”。
如：She_______________his present, but she didn't accept it.她收到了他的礼物，但是没有接受。
(2) 【搭配】“接受礼物”说成英语是accept a gift,“接受教育”却是receive an education。
(2)表示“接见”“接待”时，要用receive而不用accept。
如：She was warmly_____________________.她受到热情接待。
2.adjust v.调整；调节；适应；习惯；整理
He smoothed his hair and_____________________his tie.他捋平头发，整了整领带。
【辨析】 adapt与adjust的区别
两者均有“使适合，适应”之意。adapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”,强调改变的目的和重要性。adjust与adapt含义很接近，但adjust指“调整”“调节”使之适应，所改变的幅度要小一些，侧重过程，主要用于调整角度、高度、光点等。
You should_____________________yourself to the new environment.你应该适应新环境。
You can't see through the telescope until it is _____________________to your eyes.
你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后，你才看得见。
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.This kind of desk can be adjusted________________the height you need.
2.I had to keep the video camera readily________________(access)in case I saw something that needed to be filmed.
3.This________________(adapt)perfectly captures the spirit of Kurt Vonnegut's novel.
4.The government will provide temporary________________(accommodate)for up to three thousand people.
5. Even as a child, he was________________(absorb)in practising his calligraphy that he would often forget to eat.
二、翻译句子
1.你应该积极参加你们学校的运动会。(take part in)
_______________________________________________________________
2.怀特夫人听说自己的儿子被哈佛大学录取了，脸上显出非常高兴的样子。(admit)
_______________________________________________________________
3.孩子一旦对这些游戏上了瘾，就不会再去烦他们的父母了。(be addicted to)
_______________________________________________________________
4.别责怪他，他毕竞还是个孩子。(after all)
_______________________________________________________________
答案：
单词&短语
1.abandon 2.abuse 3.accompany 4.acquaintance5.admirable 6.adopt 7.ancestor 8.appreciate
9.argue 10.argument 11.associate 12.attitude13.barrier 14.beneficial 15.benefit 16.bother
17.blame 18.bride 19.bridegroom 20.bury panion plain 24.condemn 25.conflict26.congratulate 27.congratulation 28.conscience29.cooperate 30.colleague 31.divorce 32.direct33.enthusiastic 34.familiar 35.friction 36.friendly37.forgive 38.generation 39.grateful 40.harmony41. harmonious 42.headmaster 43. headteacher44.household 45.junior 46.merciful 47.misunderstand48.modest 49.neighbourhood 50.nephew 51.partner52.teenager 53.patient 54.patiently 55. politely56.precious 57.prejudice 58.private 59.promote60.quarrel 61.relative 62.relationship 63.reliable64.respect 65.respectful 66.senior 67.separate68.share 69.sincere 70.tension71.缺乏理解 72.对……担心/关心 73.为……所熟悉74.与……和谐相处/协调 75.(与某人)关系好 76.包容77.应受责备 78.分手；解散；结束 79.养育；抚养；教育80.喜欢 81.depend/rely on 82.fit in with 83.get on/along well with sb. 84.get in touch with 85.go wrong86.have... in common 87.have words with 88.keep cool89.keep in touch with 90.look down upon/on
91.和解
词汇拓展
1.accepted;accept;accepted;accepted;received; received
2.adjusted;adapt;adjusted
活学活用
一、1.to 2.accessible 3.adaptation 4.accommodation5.absorbed
二、1.You should take an active part in the sports meeting in your school.
2.Her face expressed great joy when Mrs White knew that her son had been admitted to Harvard.
3. Once the children are addicted to these games, they will leave their parents alone.
4.Don't blame him. After all,he's only a child.

第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）完形填空
Twenty years ago, cable services (有线服务)were relatively expensive. When we requested our cable services be lowered to the basic package, we found the cable company had____1____ our service instead. After learning that we would have to pay for____2____, we decided to give it up altogether.
____3____they could no longer watch their favorite television shows, our daughter____4____into her bedroom, screaming about the injustice of it all. Our son looked upset while he____5____that the only shows he ever watched were cable-only stations.
I admit that the first week was the____6____. With so much time in hand, my children began____7____over little things. After a week of listening to my children constantly quarreling, I was almost____8____to re-order cable but gave up at the last minute. In the third week I was pleased to announce that no one had died of____9____. The children started enjoying more physical activities. We also organized____10____activities that requested the whole family's involvement. Besides, when I needed the children's help, I____11____heard, "Just a minute, Mom. I'll be there during the next____12____"
We found more time to talk with each other. We____13____the pleasure of reading, and board games had become a family affair. It truly was a___14____and a great way to reacquaint (重新熟悉) ourselves with one another. After all, shared activities and family affection____15____anything.
1．A．put off B．cut off C．turned down D．taken down
2．A．reconnection B．repair C．improvement D．change
3．A．Wondering B．Remembering C．Assuming D．Realizing
4．A．slid B．wandered C．stormed D．skipped
5．A．complained B．explained C．admitted D．described
6．A．silliest B．strangest C．busiest D．hardest
7．A．arguing B．worrying C．thinking D．watching
8．A．able B．ready C．stressful D．grateful
9．A．illness B．sadness C．anger D．boredom
10．A．bonding B．pleasant C．complex D．training
11．A．accidentally B．usually C．hardly D．eventually
12．A．absence B．commercial C．activity D．game
13．A．reevaluated B．rediscovered C．reconsidered D．redefined
14．A．relief B．reward C．blessing D．sacrifice
15．A．deserve B．show C．outweigh D．influence
答案：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B
13．B 14．C 15．C
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者关闭有线电视服务后，利用这些时间去增加 亲人之间的互动，让亲情联系更紧密。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们要求把我们的有线电视服务降低到基本套餐时，我们发现有线电视公司反而切断了我们的有线电视服务。A. put off推迟；B. cut off停止，中断（供给）；C. turned down拒绝；D. taken down拆除，记录。根据下文“After learning that we would have to pay for 　　　2　　　　, we decided to give it up altogether. (在得知我们必须支付重新连接的费用后，我们决定完全放弃。)”，作者家的有线电视需要重装的话，需要支付费用，以及本句中的instead，可推知，有线电视公司切断了作者家的有线电视服务在先。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在得知我们必须支付重新连接的费用后，我们决定完全放弃。A. reconnection重新连接；B. repair修理；C. improvement改善；D. change改变。根据下文中的“we decided to give it up altogether”以及生活常识可知，作 者放弃有线电视是因为重新接通有线电视服务还需要付费。故选A项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到他们再也不能看他们喜欢的电视节目，我们的女儿冲进她的卧室，尖叫着说这一切都是不公平的。A.Wondering好奇；B. Remembering记得；C. Assuming假定；D. Realizing实现。结合上文“we decided to give it up altogether. (我们决定完全放弃)”，导致的结果“they could no longer watch their favorite television shows, (他们再也不能看他们喜欢的电视节目)”可推断，此处指孩子们意识到再也不能看自己喜欢 的电视节目了。故选D项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到他们再也不能看他们喜欢的电视节目，我们的女儿冲进她的卧室，尖叫着说这一切都是不公平的。A. slid快捷而悄声地移动；B. wandered漫游；C. stormed气冲冲地走；D. skipped蹦蹦跳跳地走。根据上文中的“they could no longer watch their favorite television shows”和下文中的“screaming”可知，女儿因再也看不到自己喜欢的电视节目而很生气，怒气冲冲回到了自己的卧室。故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的儿子看起来很沮丧，他抱怨说他只看有线电视台的节目。A. complained抱怨；B. explained解释；C. admitted承认；D. described描述。根据上文中的“Our son looked upset”和下文中的“the only shows he ever watched were cable-only stations”可知，作者的儿子看的节目都是有线电视台独有的，因此才会抱怨。故选A项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认第一周是最难的。A. silliest蠢的；B. strangest奇怪的；C. busiest忙的；D. hardest困难的。根据下文中的“With so much time in hand, my children began 7 over little things. After a week of listening to my children constantly quarreling, I was almost　　　8　　　to re-order cable but gave up at the last minute. (有了这么多的时间，我的孩子们开始为一些小事争吵。在听了一个星期的孩子们不停的争吵后，我几乎想要重新订购有线电视，但在最后一刻放弃了。)”可知，作者承认关闭有线电视后的第一周是最难熬。故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了这么多的时间，我的孩子们开始为一些小事争吵。A. arguing争吵；B. worrying担心；C. thinking思考；D. watching观看。根据下文中的“a week of listening to my children constantly quarreling (一个星期听我的孩子不停地吵架)”可知，第一周中，孩子们经常争吵。故选A项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在听了一个星期的孩子们不停的争吵后，我几乎想要重新订购有线电视，但在最后一刻放弃了。A. able能；B. ready准备好；C. stressful紧张的；D. grateful感谢的。因为没有电视可看，孩子们为了一些小事争吵了一周，作者受不了孩子们的争吵，几乎准备（ready）重新订购有线电视服务。故选B项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了第三周，我高兴地宣布，没有人死于无聊。A. illness疾病；B. sadness悲伤；C. anger愤怒；D. boredom无聊。由上文中的“With so much time in hand, my children began　　　7　　　　over little things. After a week of listening to my children constantly quarreling, I was almost　　　8　　　　to re-order cable but gave up at the last minute. (有了这么多的时间，我的孩子们开始为一些小事争吵。在听了一个星期的孩子们不停的争吵后，我几乎想要重新订购有线电视，但在最后一刻放弃了。)”，以及本句中的“pleased”和下文内容可知，此处指作者一家人没有人因为不看电视而死于无 聊。故选D项。
10．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我们还组织了让人关系更紧密的需要全家参与的活动。A. bonding人与人之间的关系（或联结）；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. complex复杂的；D. training训练。根据下文中的“that requested the whole family’s involvement”可知，作者 一家组织的活动能让家人之间关系更紧密的（bonding）。故选A项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，当我需要孩子们的帮助时，我几乎听不到“等一下，妈妈。下一个广告的时候我就来。”A. accidentally意外地；B. usually通常地；C. hardly几乎；D. eventually最终。结合生活常识可知，孩子们看电视人迷时应该会说“等一下，妈妈。下 一个广告的时候我会去的”，但是当孩子们不看有线电视后，作者几乎没有（hardly）听到这 样的话。故选C项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，当我需要孩子们的帮助时，我几乎听不到“等一下，妈妈。下一个广告的时候我就来。”A. absence缺席；B. commercial电视广告；C. activity活动；D. game游戏。根据语境，作者家里有电视的时候，孩子们沉迷于电视，只有在广告时间才会离开电视，去帮妈妈做事。commercial符合语境。故选B项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们重新发现了阅读的乐趣，桌游也成了一家人的事。A. reevaluated再次评估；B. rediscovered重新发现；C. reconsidered重新考虑；D. redefined重新定义。根据语境，作者一家有了更多的时间去阅读，重新发现阅读使人快乐。rediscovered符合语境。故选B项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这真的是一种幸事，也是一种重新认识彼此的好方法。A. relief宽慰；B. reward回报；C. blessing福祉，幸事；D. sacrifice牺牲。根据语境，虽然有线电视服务被关闭了，但是作者一家人的关系更紧密了，这真的是一件好事（blessing）。故选C项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，共同的活动和亲情比什么都重要。A. deserve值得，应受；B. show显示；C. outweigh(在重要性或意义上)超过；D. influence影响。根据语境可知，此处指没有了电视之后，一家人有了更多时间进行共同的活动，增进了亲情，这些收获重于（outweigh）任何事情。故选C项。
（B）七选五
Improving your family life can help make your family members closer and prevent conflicts from getting in the way of everyone's happiness. But at times it seems difficult. ____1____ Here are some concrete steps to make your life more enjoyable.
Do household chores (杂务) together. ____2____ However, sharing household responsibilities can help everyone in your family feel happy. Try to make it as fun as possible, such as by playing music or having contests. Besides, divide chores up into age-appropriate categories. After dinner, the youngest could wipe the table, the oldest could fill the dishwasher, and you could put away leftovers.
_____3__ When someone expresses an opinion, don't interrupt them before they can finish speaking. Maintaining respectful communication channels will strengthen your bond.
Express love and appreciation frequently. Little verbal (口头的) and nonverbal gestures of affection go a long way. ___4____ If your sibling is doing their homework and there's an empty glass on their desk, ask them, "Hey, can I get you more water?"
Respect your parents' need to protect you. While children need increasing degrees of freedom as they get older, remember that your parents are in charge. Their job is to keep you safe and give you the tools you'll need to take care of yourself when you' re an adult. If your parent doesn't allow you to go out without an adult or makes you go to bed early, remember that they have your best interests in mind. ____5____A．Why do you feel so?
B．Where do you start?
C．Few people actually enjoy that.
D．Chores mean more responsibilities.
E．Respect what your family members say.
F．Don't yell to get your way if they say no!
G．Find small ways to show you care for each other.
答案：1．B 2．C 3．E 4．G 5．F
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了让家庭生活更好的方法。
1．前文“But at times it seems difficult.”说的是提升家庭生活比较难，后文“Here are some concrete steps to make your life more enjoyable.”总领全文给出方法，可见题干是设问性质的，B项“你该从哪里开始？”符合语境。故选B项。
2．根据空后一句“However, sharing household responsibilities can help everyone in your family feel happy.”可知，分担家庭责任可以让你家里的每个人都感到快乐，与空处是转折关系，由此可推知，C项“很少有人真的喜欢做家务”符合语境，即很少有人喜欢做家务，但是共同参与的责任感就能提升幸福感。故选C项。
3．空处是段落主题句，下文“When someone expresses an opinion, don't interrupt them before they can finish speaking. Maintaining respectful communication channels will strengthen your bond.(当有人表达意见时，不要在他们说完之前打断他们。保持相互尊重的沟通渠道会加强你们之间的联系。)”说的是不要打断家庭成员说的话，要尊重。E项“尊重家庭成员说的话”符合语境。故选E项。
4．根据本段主题句“Express love and appreciation frequently.”可知，要经常性地展现自己对家庭成员的关心，后文“If your sibling