第11讲-阅读理解细节理解题(练)(全国通用)(解析版).docx

第11讲 阅读理解细节理解题 （练）
A
Sora observed in amazement as Weilun picked up two large metal cans. She followed Weilun with a pail (桶) of clothes, watching him carry the two cans effortlessly. They were large and were covering Weilun’s small frame.
Sora’s father had sent her to the village to learn about rural life. Sora had never once done any household chores back home. She did not understand why her father would always chant “Where is your willingness to learn?” whenever she asked him if she could stay home for the holidays. Her father had given her a checklist on the life skills that she needed to learn, one of which was to wash clothes. She recalled washing a table cloth after an art lesson in school. That was a piece of cake, she thought. So Sora refused Weilun’s offer to help. Weilun then went to fill the large cans with water at the far end of the river.
Suddenly, a big bird dived from the sky when Sora placed the last piece of clothing back in the pail. Sora released her grasp of the pail in shock. Then she was relaxed to find it was aiming for a worm near her. But the clothes were drifting in the river. Weilun immediately came to help and Sora shifted the blame to the bird.
He pointed at the detergent foam (洗涤剂泡沫) on the surface of the river. “Don’t tell me you rinsed (漂洗) the detergent from the clothes in the river. Don’t you know that it may kill the river creatures? You caused the problem, not the bird!” Sora looked down in shame. “You think that you know everything, but you actually don’t.”
Sora closed her eyes to let Weilun’s words sink in for a moment. She finally understood the meaning behind her father’s chants. She walked towards Weilun and whispered, “Could you teach me all the life skills that my father had planned for me to learn?”
1．Why was Sora amazed?
A．Weilun was too small in size for the two large cans.
B．Weilun was willing to help his parents do some chores.
C．Weilun managed to carry the two large cans easily.
D．Weilun was willing to accompany her to the riverside.
2．Why did Sora refuse Weilun’s offer to help wash the clothes?
A．She thought it was an easy task.
B．She had learned how to do it.
C．She wanted her father to be proud of her.
D．She wanted to learn new things by herself.
3．What happened when Sora found the bird flew towards her?
A．The bird was diving for food.
B．The bird was attacking her.
C．Sora was rinsing the detergent in the pail.
D．Sora was shocked to find a worm in the pail.
4．What do you think Sora “finally understood”?
A．She wasn’t capable of living on her own.
B．She really lacked the willingness to learn.
C．Life skills could be learned in the country.
D．Her father wanted her to learn from Weilun.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Sora的父亲让她去农村了解乡村生活，Sora从未做过家务，她也不明白父亲让她学什么。通过与Weilun的相处，她明白了自己缺乏独立生活的能力。
1．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第三句“Sora observed in amazement as Weilun picked up two large metal cans. They were large and were covering Weilun’s small frame.”（Sora惊讶地看着Weilun拿起两个大铁罐。它们很大，盖住了Weilun小小的身躯。）可知，Weilun的身体对这两个大铁罐来说太小了，所以Sora很惊奇。故选A。
2．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段倒第三句和倒第二句“That was a piece of cake, she thought. So Sora refused Weilun’s offer to help.”（那是小菜一碟，她想。所以Sora拒绝了Weilun的帮助。）可知，因为Sora觉得这很简单，所以她拒绝了Weilun的帮助。故选A。
3．C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Suddenly, a big bird dived from the sky when Sora placed the last piece of clothing back in the pail.”（当Sora把最后一件衣服放回桶里时，突然，一只大鸟从天上飞了下来。）和第四段第二句“Don’t tell me you rinsed (漂洗) the detergent from the clothes in the river. ”（别告诉我你在河里把衣服上的洗涤剂洗掉了。）可知，当Sora发现一只鸟飞向她时，她正在漂洗桶里的洗涤剂。故选C。
4．A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Could you teach me all the life skills that my father had planned for me to learn?”（你能教我所有我父亲计划让我学习的生活技能吗？）可知，Sora终于明白了她无法独立生活。故选A。
B
Independent living at home is the ideal for every aging person. But a fall or other health-threatening incidents can change everything rapidly.
The wearable “panic buttons” introduced in the late 1980s were a great advance. But they only work if people actually wear them and can reach the button in an emergency. Today there are passive wearables that automatically detect falls, and camera-based systems to monitor elder safety.
Coming from a 40-year career in the semiconductor and wireless communication field, Rafi Zack decided to find a better alternative. “People aren’t devoted to wearing small devices 24/7, and camera-based systems are an invasion（侵犯）of privacy,” he points out, “The most challenging aspect is a fall. How fast we can detect a fall matters because the medical situation worsens quickly. Sometimes people stay on the floor for a long time. We have to find out how to solve that problem.”
Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.
Because radar sees through walls, one ECHO unit fixed on the ceiling or wall can monitor one person (or two persons, in a future version) in a standard-sized apartment in a senior living facility. The device detects falls, breathing difficulties, drowning in a bathtub and other dangerous events. It gives out warnings to potential health worsening conditions by continuously monitoring and analyzing the person’s location, posture（姿势）, motion and breath. EchoCare tested the device in the United States, Japan, Australia and Israel. ECHO was certified（认证）in 2019 in Japan with the most aging population in the world.
“Bathrooms were the main testing area where about 17,000 deadly accidents happen annually.” said SMK Director and Executive Vice President Tetsuo Hara. “Bathroom makers, home security service providers and nursing homes are highly interested in EchoCare’s solution.” Zack noted, “As more and more elder people live alone as a result of social distancing, there is an increased need to monitor them without the burden of wearables or privacy-invading cameras.”
5．What’s the advantage of ECHO over “panic buttons”?
A．It has camera-based systems. B．It has been widely accepted.
C．It can function without cameras. D．Its buttons can be easily reached.
6．What can we know about ECHO from paragraph 5?
A．It is designed to send out warnings regularly.
B．It monitors dangerous health-related events.
C．It was certified in many developed countries.
D．It detects more than one person at the same time.
7．What can we infer about the future of ECHO?
A．It’ll become more popular with the elderly.
B．It’ll stop 17,000 deaths happening annually.
C．It’ll be used in nursing homes and hospitals.
D．It’ll help elderly people to live an active life.
8．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．An Advanced Medical Instrument
B．A High-tech Monitor for the Elderly
C．The Invention of a Healthcare Device
D．The Improvement of a Medical Facility
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在家独立生活是每个老年人的理想选择。但是，跌倒或其他危害健康的事件可能会迅速改变一切。EchoCare Technologies该公司开发了ECHO（老人护理家庭观察者），这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。该设备可以检测到跌倒，呼吸困难，溺水淹没浴缸和其他危险事件。
5．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“But they only work if people actually wear them and can reach the button in an emergency.”(但是，只有在人们实际佩戴它们并且在紧急情况下可以到达按钮时，它们才起作用。) 以及第四段“Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.( Zack是EchoCare Technologies的联合创始人，首席执行官兼研发副总裁，该公司开发了ECHO（老人护理家庭观察者），这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。)可知，ECH是机遇雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。以及最后一段最后一句话“without the burden of wearables or privacy-invading cameras”可知，ECHO让老人不承受可穿戴设备或侵犯隐私的相机的负担。所以C项说法正确。故选C项。
6．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“The device detects falls, breathing difficulties, drowning in a bathtub and other dangerous events. It gives out warnings to potential health worsening conditions by continuously monitoring and analyzing the person’s location, posture（姿势）, motion and breath.”(该设备可以检测到跌倒，呼吸困难，溺水淹没浴缸和其他危险事件。通过持续监视和分析人员的位置，姿势（姿势），运动和呼吸，它可以警告潜在的健康状况恶化状况。)可知，该设备不仅仅发送警告信号，同时可以检测和分析一系列危险事件。A项说法错误。以及“ECHO was certified（认证）in 2019 in Japan with the most aging population in the world.”(ECHO于2019年在日本获得了世界上人口老龄化最多的认证（认证）。)可知，只在日本获得了认证。C项说法错误。D项文中未提及。故选B项。
7．A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段Bathrooms were the main testing area where about 17,000 deadly accidents happen annually.( 浴室是主要的测试区域，每年约发生17,000起致命事故。) 以及“Bathroom makers, home security service providers and nursing homes are highly interested in EchoCare’s solution.”(浴室制造商，家庭安全服务提供商和疗养院对EchoCare的解决方案非常感兴趣。)可知，每年在浴室会发生17000起致命的事故是，不是死亡。B项说法错误。文中提到浴室制造商，家庭安全服务商以及疗养院会感兴趣。所以C项说法错误。D项文中未提及。故选A项。
8．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Independent living at home is the ideal for every aging person. But a fall or other health-threatening incidents can change everything rapidly.”( 在家独立生活是每个老年人的理想选择。但是，跌倒或其他危害健康的事件可能会迅速改变一切。)以及第四段“Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.( Zack是EchoCare Technologies的联合创始人，首席执行官兼研发副总裁，该公司开发了ECHO（老人护理家庭观察者），这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器。)可知，本文主要介绍了ECHO，这是一种基于雷达技术和机器学习的云连接显示器，旨在监测老人的安全。故选B项。
C
Nearly everyone knows eBay is a website where you can buy and sell pretty much anything. There are other Internet auction (拍卖) sites, but none come close to eBay for brand-name recognition. And for good reason: eBay is the largest English-language online auction site in the world. Buyers come to eBay for the best chance of finding the particular thing they want. Sellers come for the largest pool of buyers, which they hope means the best chance of selling at the highest possible price.
Buying things on eBay is pretty simple. You can type a term into the search field, or click through the categories list to get to what you want. Inside an individual item listing, you’ll see the current asking price, and a little button to click if you wish to place your own bid. Enter a price, occasionally come back to see if someone has bid higher than you and wait for the end of the auction period. If your bid is the highest, you win! Now all you have to do is arrange payment and shipping method with the seller. eBay is only in the business of putting buyers and sellers together for a small fee from the seller. It doesn’t handle the actual payment or shipping of goods. In other words, it isn’t a big department store, or a warehouse. It’s the owner of a flea market, and you have to do your own deals with the individual sellers in their virtual stalls.
To be a skillful eBay buyer, you should learn when to trust sellers and how a proxy (代理人) bid can save you from going online every half-hour to up your bid. Experienced eBay users also know how to use escrows (公正托管) to guarantee goods, and how to avoid selling tricks such as fake bids that push up prices. The more often you buy on eBay, the more you learn.
9．Why is eBay the best website for people to buy and sell things?
A．Because it has all brand products.
B．Because the trade language is English.
C．Because sellers and buyers can close their deals.
D．Because sellers can find a swimming pool there.
10．What should you do first if you want to buy something at the site?
A．Find the current asking price.
B．Click a button to place your own bid.
C．Enter a price which is higher than others.
D．Find what you want in the categories list.
11．What should the buyer do if he/she wins the bid?
A．Get goods from eBay.
B．Determine payment and shipment.
C．Send somebody for the goods.
D．Talk about the price of the goods.
12．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?
A．How to be a skillful buyer at eBay.
B．How to make sure of qualified goods.
C．How to avoid being cheated by others.
D．How to spare you from going online frequently.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一个可让全球网民上网买卖物品的线上拍卖及购物网站eBay，以及如何进行买卖的技巧等。
9. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Nearly everyone knows eBay is a website where you can buy and sell pretty much anything.”（几乎所有人都知道eBay是个网站，你可以买卖任何东西。）及“Buyers come to eBay for the best chance of finding the particular thing they want. Sellers come for the largest                    pool of buyers, which they hope means the best chance of selling at the highest possible price.”（买家来 eBay 是为了找到他们想要的东西。卖家的目标是最大的买家群体，他们希望这意味着最有可能以最高价格卖出的机会。）可知，eBay是人们买卖物品的最佳网站是因为在eBay，买卖双方都能成交，选项C与文意相符，故选C。
10. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Buying things on eBay is pretty simple. You can type a term into the search field, or click through the categories list to get to what you want. ”（在 eBay 上买东西很简单。您可以在搜索字段中键入术语，或者通过单击类别列表来获得所需的内容。）可知，如果你要在网站买东西，你需要在分类列表中找到你想要的或在搜索栏键入你需要的东西。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
11. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“ If your bid is the highest, you win! Now all you have to do is arrange payment and shipping method with the seller.”（如果你的出价最高，你就赢了！现在你所要做的就是与卖方安排付款和装运方式。）可知，在你获胜之后，你需要的是安排支付和装运的方式。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
12. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“To be a skillful eBay buyer, you should learn when to trust sellers and how a proxy (代理人) bid can save you from going online every half-hour to up your bid. ”（要成为一个熟练的 eBay 买家，你应该学会什么时候信任卖家，以及代理出价如何能让你省去每半小时上网一次的麻烦。）可知，本段主要谈论如何成为一个熟练的买主，选项A与文意相符，故选A。
D
The use of AI (artificial intelligence) is becoming more common in many branches of industry and online shopping. Traditional lines of work, such as goods transport and driving, are developing in a similar direction although mainly out of public view. Scientists at the University of Göttingen have now investigated how efficient (高效的) the use of AI can be in the commercial management of trucks.
“Digital applications—as well as machine leaning, a kind of AI—are increasingly applied to operations and courses in the transport area,” explains Professor Matthias Klumpp from the Faculty of Economics. “The question in the commercial area, however, is whether or not this contributes to achieving goals.”
To answer this question, the researchers compared the work efficiency of truck drivers with their main use of AI applications. Looking at trade delivery by truck, they studied three groups: the first drove completely following human decision-making models; the second used a combination of human and machine; and the third depended completely on fully automated decisions.
The researchers found that an intelligent combination of human work and decision-making abilities with AI applications promises the highest transport and driving efficiency. “On average, the second group achieved the most efficient transport trips, with the fewest interventions (干预) and off-course from the best path.” one researcher said, “Clearly, neither a completely human decision-making structure nor a fully automated driving system can promise to meet current goods transport requirements.” The scientists therefore summarized that despite the progress of AI in the field of transportation by truck, human experience and decision-making abilities will still be necessary in the longer term. However, the challenge is that a wide range of training and qualification (资格) needs will come along by working with Al applications, especially for simple goods transport activities.
13．What does Matthias Klumpp focus on?
A．The efficiency of AI.
B．The advantages o