高一第三单元学案.docx

Unit 3 Computers
Reading

Step one: Revision
1A 根据所给的汉语意思，写出单词的正确形式。
1) __________________ vt. 计算
2) __________________ n. 革命
3) __________________ adj. 人造的；假的
4) __________________ vt. 解决
5) __________________ n. 网络；网状物
6) __________________ n. 金融；财经
7) __________________ adj. 可移动的；机动的
8) __________________ adv. 无论如何；即使如此
9) __________________ n. 目标；目的；球门；得分
10) __________________ n. 火箭
2A 根据汉语意思写出短语
1) ________________________ 从……时起
2) ________________________ 结果
3) ________________________ 如此……以至于……
4) ________________________ 人类
3B 根据提示写出单词的另一形式。
1) __________________ vt. 简化 __________________ adj. 简单的
2) __________________ n. 操作员；接线员 __________________ vt. 操作；动手术
3) __________________ adj. 合逻辑的 __________________ adv. 合逻辑地
4) __________________ n. 工艺；科技 __________________ adj. 科技的
5) __________________ n. 智力；聪明 __________________ adj. 智能的；聪明的
6) __________________ n. 真实；事实 __________________ adj. 真的；真正的
7) __________________ adj. 私人的 __________________ adv. 就个人而言；亲自
8) __________________ adj. 总的；n. 总数 __________________ adv. 完全地
9) __________________ n. 应用；申请 __________________ vt. 申请；应用
10) __________________ vt.&vi. 探索；探测 __________________ n. 探索；探测
Step two: Fast reading
1B Go through the passage quickly and judge True or False. ( )
1) In 1642 I began as a calculating machine and could solve any mathematical problem. ( )
2) My real father was Charles Babbage, who wrote a book and built me in 1936. ( )
3) After I got my new transistors in the 1960s, I became smaller but cleverer and quicker. ( )
4) I was brought into people’s homes in the 1970s. ( )
5) Since my birth I have been built to take the place of the human race. ( )
2B Choose the best answers
1) What’s the main idea of the text?
A. The computer wants to find “who he is”.
B. The functional change of the computer.
C. The computer becomes popular around the world.
D. The history of the computer.
2) What can you infer from the text?
A. The computer has artificial intelligence.
B. The computer changes a lot over the years.
C. The computer was not connected by a network until in the early 1960s.
D. Now the computer can only be used to deal with information.
3B Scan the passage and try to find the answers
1) Where were you in 1642?
______________________________________________________.
2)What were you called in 1936?
______________________________________________________.
3) What happened to you in the 1970s?
______________________________________________________.
Step three: Careful reading
1C Fill in the table below
Time Events
1642  
1822 The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage.

1940s  
  The first family of computers was connected to each other.
1970s  
Now  
Step four:　Discussion and Debate
What are advantages and disadvantages of computers?
Step five: Homework
1:Write a passage about computers with 120 words or so
2:Read the text again and try to retell it
Unit 3 The Computers
Language Points
Step one: Revision
Have a dictation of some important words and expressions

Step two:　Language points
知识点一：（课文重现）Look at these. In pairs discuss what they have in common. 看这几幅图画，两个人一组，讨论他们之间的共性。
考查角度：common的用法和常见搭配
common n. 公共；常见 adj.共同的，共享的；常见的；普遍的，通常的
(1) in common 共有；共用。常常同have连用。
(2) have…in common的常见词组：
have nothing in common无共同之处
have little in common几乎无共同之处
have something in common有许多共同之处
根据上述知识，请完成1——5题
1 ..Letterboxes are much more ______ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.
A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual
知识点二：（课文重现）I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两年百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
考查角度一：develop的常见用法和派生词
develop vi.&vt. 养成，形成；发展；冲洗胶卷；使……发展；培养
常见派生词：
developed adj. 发达的 developing adj. 发展中的 development n. 发展
根据上述知识，请完成6——9题
2. (06, 湖北) One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to ______ healthy eating habits.
A. grow B. develop C. increase D. raise
考查角度二：It took/was + 一段时间+before从句是一固定句型，意思是“过……后才……”。
before用于这类句型的结构还有：
It didn’t take/was long (或一段时间)before…过了不久就……
It will take/be long (或一段时间)before…要过很久才……
It won’t take/be long(或一段时间)before…不久就会……
根据上述知识，请完成10——12题
3. It took five hours ______ we arrived at the village.
A. since B. than C. before D. after
知识点三：（课文重现）As time went by, I was made smaller. 随着时间的推移，我被做的越来越小。
考查角度：go by的常见用法和由go构成的其它短语
go by过去，经过，相当于pass。可用于时间或其他。go by一般不带宾语，带宾语时指从……旁边经过。
由go构成的其它常见短语：
go ahead开始（做某事），往前走，进行
go against 违反，违背，对……不利
go over 复习，检查
go through检查，审阅，查看，经历（困难，痛苦）
go out 熄灭
根据上述知识，请完成13——17题
4.You must _______ your papers before you hand them in.
A. go down B. go across
C. go out D. go through
5. Would you please _____ this form for me to see if I’ve filled it in right?
A. take off B. look after
C. give up D. go over
6. —Didn’t you have a good time at the party?
--Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to ____ so quickly.
A. go by B. go away
C. go out D. go over
知识点四：（课文重现）As a result I totally changed my shape. 结果，我的外形完全改变了。
考查角度：result的意思和由result构成的常见短语
result n. 结果，成果，成绩 result v. 导致，结果是
由result构成的常见短语：
as a result 因此；作为结果
as a result of 作为……的结果
result from因……造成
result in导致，结果是
根据上述知识，请完成18——21题
7. He runs every day. ____________（结果），he has lost weight.
8. She was late __________(作为结果)snow.
知识点五：（课文重现）But I was always so lonely standing there myself, …. 但是我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到60年代初，人们才给了我一个用网络联成的家庭。
考查角度：lonely的用法和与alone的区别
lonely adj. 寂寞的，孤独的，无人居住的，可用来做定语和表语。用来表述人们的一种心理感受。
alone也可以用作形容词，通常做表语，表示“独自一人，单独一人”。一般不做前置定语。
根据上述知识，请完成22——24题
用alone, lonely填空
9. No one feels ______ in our class.
10. My mother was sitting ______ when we came in.
11. He lived on a _______ island for three years.
12. We are not _______ in thinking that.
知识点六：（课文重现）Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans a life of high quality. 不管怎样，我的目标就是给人类提供高质量的生活。
考查角度：anyhow的用法
Anyhow 相当于anyway, adv. 无论如何，反正(转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题时说)；即使如此；，可放在句首或句末。
特别注意：somehow(someway) adv. 不知怎么地；不晓得什么缘故；以某种方法；以某种方式。
Step three: 课后小结
Step four: Homework
Review the language points and try to remember them well

Unit 3 Computers
Using language
Step one: revison
1A根据汉语提示，写出下列单词或短语
1) __________________ n. 幸福；快乐
2) __________________ vt. 下载
3) __________________ n. 病毒
4) __________________ v. 发信号；n. 信号
5) __________________ n. 类型；v. 打字
6) __________________ n. 教练
7) __________________ v. 出现；发生
8) __________________ adj. 电子的
9) __________________ n. 外表；外貌；出现
10) __________________ n. 性格；特点
11) __________________ 在某种程度上
12) __________________ 在……的帮助下
13) __________________ 处理；安排；对付
14) __________________ 看守；监视
Step two: Language points
知识点一：（课文重现）I’m as big as a human. In fact, I look like one too. 我同真人一样大小。事实上，我长得也像真人。
考查角度：one作为代词的常见用法和与it, that的区别
句中的one指代a human。不定代词one起名词作用时，可以用来代替人，泛指“人”，“任何一个人”，在句中作主语或宾语。
one, it和that的区别
one用于名称相同的另一事物，即一类中的一个。
it用来指名称相同的同一事物
that代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，通常含有定冠词the的意思，因此that=the + 名词。复数为those
根据上述知识，请完成1——5题
1. I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ______ in the city.
A. one B. ones C. it D. those
2. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ______ from wood we had.
A. it B. one C. himself D. another
用it one that填空
3. My pen was lost, and I couldn’t find ______.
4. My pen was lost, and I want to find _______.
5. The weather of Beijing is much colder than _______ of Shanghai.
知识点二：（课文重现）In a way our programmer is like our coach. 从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就好像是我们的教练。
考查角度：in a way的用法和由way构成的一些常见短语
in a/one way在某种程度上，就某个意义来说。
way构成的其他常见短语
by the way顺便说一句
all the way全程，一直地
in the way 挡着；阻碍
lose one’s way迷路
in no way绝不，没门
on one’s way to… 在往……的路上
根据上述知识，请完成6——10题
6. Don’t stand ______ ______ ______(挡我的道).
7. This is ______ _______ ______ (最好的办法) to solve the problem.
8. You have to do it _______ _______ _______(按照我的方法).
9. ______ _______ _______(顺便提一下), have you seen that movie?
10. ______ ______ ______ ______(在我回家的路上), I saw an accident.
知识点三：（课文重现）She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games. 她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我的程序。
考查角度：while + doing 的省略
While后接doing结构，此时现在分词与句子的主语是主动关系。While后可接现在分词或过去分词。当分词与主语是主动关系时，用现在分词；当分词与主语是被动关系时，用过去分词。当从句与主句主语一致，且谓语动词为be+分词时，常省略从句中的主语与谓语动词的“be”部分。
与when 有这种类似用法的常见词还有：if, unless, once, though, whenever, as if, even if 等。
根据上述知识，请完成11——14题
11. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
12. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
13. Unless ______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
14. When ______ help, one often says “Thank you”. ” Or “It is kind of you.
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
知识点四：（课文重现）In this way, I can make up new moves using my “artificial intelligence”. 这样，我就可以运用我的“人工智能”补充新的动作。
考查角度：make up的不同含义
(1) 补足(2)；编排；(3)化妆；(4) 组成 (be made up of… 由……组成) ；(5) 整理
特别注意：* make up for 补偿
根据上述知识，请完成15——18题
15. Everyone in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ______ jokes.
A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up
完成句子
16. She is very good at ______ ______ (编造) excuse.
17. You must ______ ______ _______ _______ (弥补损失) for the part of Macbeth.
18. We must ______ ______ (弥补) for the lost time.
知识点五：（课文重现）After all, with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything, …. 不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智慧就是我的一切。
考查角度：after all的含义和用法及all构成的常见短语
after all (尽管……)，到底，毕竟，终究，究竟。可用于句首、句中或句末，表示强调。含有all的常用短语还有：
above all首先，最重要的是 in all 总计 at all 根本，全然 first of all首先
根据上述知识，请完成19——22题
19. People may have different opinions about Kaven, but I admire her. ______ she is a great musician.
A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual
20. I’d like to buy a house-modern, comfortable, and _______ in a quiet neighborhood.
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
翻译下面的句子
21B. I haven’t been at all well recently.
______________________________________________________。
22B. The bill came to $25 in all.
______________________________________________________。
知识点六：（课文重现）This means that it should clean the house, mop the house, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls. 这就意味着它应该打扫房间，拖地板，做饭以及接电话。
考查角度：deal with的含义和用法
deal with, 有如下几个意思：和……打交道，对付，处理，论述，谈（某问题），和……做买卖。可单独使用，也常和how连用。
特别注意：do with也有“处理”的意思，但do with要与what连用，而deal with要与how连用，都表示“怎样处理”。
根据上述知识，请完成23——26题
21. How are you going to ______ such problems?
A. do with B. deal with C. deal D. do up
22. I’m sorry that I really don’t know ______ to deal with the trouble.
A. how B. that C. why D. which
Step three: 课堂小结
Step four: Homework
Try to remember the important language points
Unit 3 Computers
Grammar-The present Perfect Passive Voice
Step one: Revision
1A. 单词拼写
1.An abacus is a very useful __________. ( 计算器）
2.What are the _____________ of being famous.（缺点）
3.This so-called gold is ________, but it costs as much as real gold.（人造的）
4. John is ______________, so he can never come up with a way to get through.（头脑简单的）
5.The chief ______ of China’s football team is trying to improve his team’s performance.（教练）
6. IT, which means Information T____________, is very important.
7. Edison was a great inventor. He i__________ useful things for everyone.
8. After the Industrial R___________, farmers left their fields and went to work in factories.
9. If no new situation a_______, we will be successful.
10. Don’t be sad, a________, you tried your best.
Step two: 现在完成时被动语态的构成
【观察与思考】
1. 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式
由“have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：
Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。
2. 现在完成时被动语态的否定式
由“have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：
The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。
3. 现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式
由“Have ／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：
①─Has her work been finished？墓ぷ魍瓿闪寺穑?/P>
─Yes，it has．是的，完成了。
②─Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？
─No，they haven't．不，还没有。
4. 现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式
由“疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：
How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？
Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？
How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？
【小试牛刀】
根据上述知识，请完成1——4题
1. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard._______
A. Has it all been finished
B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all finished
D. Did it all finish
2 Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _____by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
A. has been caused            B. had been caused
C. will be caused             D. will have been caused
3. More patients _____in hospital this year than last year.
A. treated                   B. have treated
C. had been treated          D. have been treated
4. —The window is dirty.
   —I know. It _____for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned           B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned           D. hasn’t been cleaned
【触摸高考】（08, 安徽卷）33C. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.
A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught
【触摸高考】(08, 上海卷)32C. In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit.
A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run
Step three: 使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
【观察与思考】
1. 现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。
2. 注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：
The house was built last year．这房子是去年建造的。
The house has been built．这房子已经建好了。
3. 由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow， join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例如：
译：这本书买了多久了？
误：How long has this book been bought？
正：How long ago was this book bought？
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。例如：
No books have been bought since last week．自上周以来，没有人来买过书。
4. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：
The orphan has been well looked after．这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。
【小试牛刀】
根据上述知识，请完成5——13题
正误辨析
5. 能量饮料不允许在澳大利亚制造但是可以从新西兰引进。
误：Energy drinks are not allowed to be making in Australia but are bought in from New Zealand.
正：__________________________________________________________________________.
6 . 自去年以来，我们的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。
误：Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since last year.
正：__________________________________________________________________________.
7. 去年，那所学校超过十二名学生被保送出国留学。
误：More than a dozen students in that school sent abroad to study me