高中英语短文改错题做题技巧探秘(1).doc

高中英语短文改错题做题技巧探秘
一、高考对短文改错题型的定位：
短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，旨在考查学生对语言的评价与校正的能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇,三要素的把握能力。它是专门针对考生们平时学习英语过程中，尤其是写作练中常犯的又是较为普遍的错误而设计的。对考生们而言，该题又是拉开距离和档次的题型。
短文改错这种题型对同学们来说有一定的难度，要想做好并不容易，所以学生平时一定要注意积累更多的语言知识，扩大词汇量，掌握丰富的英语短语，了解更多的句型结构和习惯表达，这样在考试中才能游刃有余，迅速地找到错误并加以纠正。
二、体裁和句式：
体裁以记叙文为主，句子结构以简单句为主过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。从近几年考试题来看，短文改错的句子平均长度趋于平稳，由于多数句子不是只占一行，所以只有读完整个句子，仔细分析，才能发现错误、纠正错误。但几乎每篇都有一个长达20多个词的句子。这就需要考生在这个句子中判断出二到三个地方有错或无错，增加了试题的难度。
三、归纳短文改错错误类型:
(一) 词法的测试
1.名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。
eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
    Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。
   2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。
   3) Reading books is one of my hobby. 
    one of 后的名词应用复数形式。
2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的
内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。
1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him. 
2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.
    先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。
3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改    
错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.
1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things…
letter为可数名词,故write后应加a.
       2) I like playing the football.  去the
        3) He is a honest boy.    a改为an
4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，
介词惯用词组等是否正确。
1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
 thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，故应将with 改为for.
2) …I’m the happiest in all.
此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of.
     3) Under the help of my father, I …      under  改为 with
     4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday.   in 改为on
5.     形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误
用也是常考的改错项目之一。
1) I had not interest in English .interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名
2) These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen.(NMET2007)
此处有I’ve ever seen限定，应用最高级，故happier应改为 happiest.
3) You can borrow a book very easy.   easy 改为easily.
4) These books are very worth reading.   用well 修饰
6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否  
符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此
外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题
平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but ,
not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等。
1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.
        由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。 
       2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
       根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，
所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。
7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误  
   包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动  
词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。
1) 动词的时态、语态错误
 a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos动作发生在过去，应用过去时.
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.
  根据本句意义，should后应加上been，构成被动语态。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.  
  playing改为 play;  for 改为with
2) 易混动词使用错误
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
    persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 he   
didn’t listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded为 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
         rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用 
raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。
3) 非谓语动词使用错误
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
          look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
在任何情况下keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth.;
keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep …from doing… 等.
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.
8. 词语固定搭配:
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、
动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.
2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
        To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3) I thought that was dull to watch a game…(NMET2005)
此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。
4) …the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析：  
not only… but also…为固定结构，故将and 改为but.
5) I have no difficulty learn maths.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构
6) He spends too much time play games.
spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构
(一) 词法的测试
1.  名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。
2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指的
内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。
3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.
4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭
配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。
5.     容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的
地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误
用也是常考的改错项目之一。
6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，
是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题
平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as。
7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的
错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。
  8. 词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。
(二) 句法的测试：
1主谓语在数上的一致；
 I hope everything are ok with you.  are 改为is
2名词性从句；
 A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。
3定语从句；
This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out.
them改为 which
4强调句型；It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who…
 It was in 1949 when he joined the army.  when改为that
5句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。
(三)语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括：
1上下文中的时态是否一致；
2上下文中的代词是否一致；
3上下文中的逻辑是否一致；
4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。
四、注意问题：
短文改错时改“错”，而不是把文中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多考生对这个概念比较模糊。把原文中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。
五、复习建议：
除了多做改错专项练习外，也要做与短文改错题型相关的其他练习。比如：1.在平时写作过程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的语法错误。2.还可以通过看其他同学的习作，欣赏的同时也可有意识地把该习作进行一下“改错”。3.平时还可以多进行单句改错练习，逐渐体会和把握短文改错这一题型的规律。
（一）改前通读全文, 切忌拿来就改，这一步很关键。这一步的目标是了解短文的中心意思，把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。记叙文强调时间、地点、人物和事件四要素，在通读全文理解全文的同时把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先改好
（二）分句阅读，逐行找错。在纠错时要仔细地读懂每一个句子，这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇(详见考查要点)角度着重分析和特别注意。把涉及   到以上错误类型的词多斟酌一下。
（三）做将答案放回原文,再重读全文。其目的主要是查看有无不符合逻辑,语句不通畅,不符合英语习惯的问题。

 第一节短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
    假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在此处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出修改的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从十一处起）不计分。
I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over
in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon become best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. LiMing came∧see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other.
(一)
I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For∧long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete difference life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to∧able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try∧guess its meaning if coming across any.
第一节短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
    假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在此处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出修改的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从十一处起）不计分。
I first met Li Ming at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Ming over
in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon become best friends. Three years ago, Li Ming’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Ming and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. LiMing came see me every day. Then his father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much. But we’ve kept writing to each other.
(一)
I live and study in a small town to the south of Jiangsu, and now I am a Senior 3 student. For long time, I’ve been dreaming of study in a famous university in a big city, such as Beijing, Xi’an and Guangzhou. I often talk with my parent about my dream. But until now they haven’t been agreed with me. They always said that I am just a girl and the only child in the family, so you’d better choose a university within the province, I can understand they will certainly feel alone if I leave them. But I really want to experience an exciting and complete difference life. I don’t know what I can do to persuade them.
(二)
You may have learned English for some years. This is natural that you want to able to read some English books or magazines. Just think of how happy you will be when you finish reading a book and a passage in English. It is important to choose a book that interest you. Then you may ask what kind of book to enjoy. I think you should choose something that is either too difficult nor too easily. While reading, never let new words take too much of you attention. Just do it as you often do with your own language. Try guess its meaning if coming across any.

1.动词使用错误2.冠词使用错误 3.名词使用错误 4.介词使用错误 5.形容词‘副词使用错误
6.连词使用错误 7.代词的误用 8.引导词的误用 9.上下文逻辑错误

考点设置:
1.名词
近几年短文改错中涉及名词考点的特点是:
1)题量为每年1题;
2)错误均为本应用复数形式,却用了单数形式
3)所有要求改动的名词前都无数词限定.
2000)She said that she and my schoolmate all……
2001) …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
2002)On the way up I was busy taking picture.
schoolmate-schoolmates; subject-subjects picture-pictures.

2.并列连词:
涉及并列连词考点的特点是:“and” , “but”, 或“or”三个词的混用而导致句意出现逻辑错误.
2000) She was smiling but nodding at me.
2001) …as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
2002)The food was expensive and the service was good.
but-and. and-or ,and-but

3.时态
近几年短文改错中涉及时态的考点有如下特点:
1.)题量为每年1 题;
2)考点局限在两种时态之间,即现在时与过去时混用;
3) 句中没有时间状语可供分析参考.
2000) I remembered her words and calm down.
2001) They did not want me to do any work at family.
2002) The time passes quickly.
calm-calmed did-do passes-passed
4.从句
近几年短文改错所涉及从句的考具有以下特点:
1) 每年必有1-2题;
2) 错误出现在从句的引导词上;
3) 句子较长,一般排列两行以上.
2000) …,but it didn’t matter that I would win or not.
2000)…felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.
2001) What thing are in other homes, I wonder.
2002)It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.
that-whether; as-that ;What-How; when

5.习惯用语
这方面的考点有以下特点;
1)题量大,从2000-2002为例,3年共有5题;
2)设疑方式一般为多余一词或少一词;
3)多余的这一词主要是介词,冠词,副词等三类词.
2000)Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in…
2001)…in any other words , I am an only child.
2001)…not seem to get much time to talk about together.
2002)Evening came down,we spent the night…
2002) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
删去a;删去any;删去about;删去down;删去at
6.无错
历年的短文改错题都要求判断出无错行,其特点如下:
1)无错为每篇1行;
2)其检测的是考生对整个语篇的把握能力,此题失分率较高,其主要原因之一是考生平时在做改错练习时养成了没错也要找出错的习惯,结果把本来无错的地方增加或删去某个词,句子可能仍然正确,但不得分.因此,在短文改错中如果改动了9处,剩余行中有没有明显的错误,就应该大胆地确定该行为无错行.

My Favourite Sport
My favourite sport is football. I was a member of 1_________
our school football team. We practise for three times 2_________
every week and often watch football match on TV 3_________
together. Play football not only makes us grow up 4_________
tall and strong but also give us a senes of fair play and 5_________
team spirit. We must keep in mind ghat we play 6_________
for the team instead ourselves. Also, the sport 7_________
teaches us the important of obedience(服从). Each 8_________
player must obey captain, who is the leader of 9_________
the team. And they must not break the rules too 10_________
often if we want to the game

The Problem with Television
    Now I can't watch much television but a few years ago 86._________
I was used to watch it every night. I was often 87._________
a little tired after a day's work and watch TV 88._________
demands very little effort. Unfortunate, there are 89._________
too many people among my family. Some wanted 90._________
to see the programme while others preferred 91._________
another. I am happy with any programme but 92._________
the others spent a lot time arguing and there 93._________
was no way of settling the matter except by 94._________
selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. 95._______

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