四、六级英语写作.doc

汪峰 e-mail: fengwang168@

英语作文
应试技巧及各种话题例文集

一. 作文重要关联词语提示:
1. 提出见解(Introduction of one’s opinion)
In my opinion/Personally, from my point of view, I think/believe/hold, my view is that, As for myself/For my part, As far as I am concerned
2. 表示对比的过度词如:
rather than, but, however, on the contrary, instead, yet, unlike, conversely(相反), different from, whereas, while, on the other hand, otherwise
3. 比较
Similarly, likewise, like, in the same way, in the same manner, in a like manner
4. 表示补充
Furthermore, in addition, moreover, in other words, besides, as well as, what’s more, also, in particular(=especially)
5. 表示强调
It goes without saying.(不用说), in any case, anyway, certainly/surely, indeed, evidently, exactly, for sure/for certain, in order to…, to some extent
6. 表示原因
Because, because of, due to(由于), was the reason for(…的原因), owing to(由于), thanks to
7. 表示结果
As a result, consequently, as a consequence, so, therefore, thus, because of this, for this reason, hence, accordingly
8. 表示举例
For example, for instance, such as…, to illustrate his point…
9. 表示列举
To begin with,…
First of all,…
First(ly),…Second(ly),…Third(ly),…
For one thing …, for another…
Last but not least,…
10. 表示时间或顺序关系
First of all, in the first place, to begin with, but later on, in the meantime, for the time being(暂时),eventfully, recently, during, soon, now and then
11. 表示空间关系
Beneath, behind, under, between, around, across, nearby, next to, on my right, on the tops of, in the middle of, in front of
12. 表示总结
In summary, in short, in brief, to sum up, in conclusion, all in all, on the whole, in a word, on account of this,
13. 表示重述或解释(restatement and explanation)
That is (to say)…, namely, in other words, as previously mentioned

二. 表达句型
经过分析， 近几十年的考级作文都是提纲式作文题材。提纲式作文的题目要求都是典型的三段式作文，提纲就是要点，给出的要点通常是三个。 每个要点写一段正好三段。三段通常包括引出话题或提出论点，论证或描述论点，和总结全文等三部分。
鉴于此，总结如下仅供参考。
1. 开头部分
1）. 引出话题（TOPIC）
When it comes to TOPIC, some think/hold/believe…
There is a public debate today that TOPIC.
Recently, TOPIC has been brought into focus.
In recent years, TOPIC has become a hot topic both on and off campus.
These days, we often hear about TOPIC.
Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to TOPIC.
Globalization was a double-edged Sword to the countries all over the world.
It has long been a contentious issue as to TOPIC.
Nowadays, it is a heated discussed topic to many families that TOPIC.
TOPIC has aroused much public concern in China.
A common ground has been reached that TOPIC.
There is no denying the fact that TOPIC.
It is a common scene in big cities that TOPIC.
Now there is a growing awareness that TOPIC.
It is time we explore the truth of TOPIC.
Nowhere in history has TOPIC been more visible.
2). 提出观点（ARGUMENT）。
In my opinion/Personally, ARGUMENT.
From my point of view, I think/believe/hold ARGUMENT.
My view is that ARGUMENT.
As for myself/For my part, I would like to ARGUMENT.
My answer is ARGUMENT.
I cannot agree more with ARGUMENT.
As far as I am concerned, I would prefer to ARGUMENT.

2. 主题部分
1）. 给出多条理由
First(ly),…Second(ly),…Third(ly),…
To begin with,…
First of all,…
The first and most important reason is that…
On the other hand…
Another equally important aspect is…
Besides, other reasons are …
For one thing …, for another…
Last but not least,…
2）. 提出假象例子的方式
We can assume…
Let’s assume that …
Suppose that …
Just imagine what would be like if …
It is reasonable to expect …
It is not surprising that …
3）. 举普通例子
For example(instance), …
…such as A, B, C and so on
A good case in point is …
A particular example for this is …
Consider the case of …
Let’s take … as an example, …
4). 引用
One of the greatest early writers/thinkers said …
“…”, such is the remark of somebody…
“…” That is how somebody comment(criticize/praise…)…
“…”How often we hear such words like there.
5). 提出原因
There are many reasons for …
The answer to this problem involves many factors.
Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves …
The first reason can be obviously seen.
Most people would agree that …
Some people may neglect that in fact …
Others suggest that …
Part of the explanation is …
6). 进行对比
The advantages of A outweigh the disadvantages of B.
Although … enjoys a distinct advantage …
Indeed, A carries much weight than B when something is concerned.
…maybe …, but it suffers from the disadvantage that …
Compared with…
In comparison/contrast, …
7). 承上启下
To understand the truth of …, it is also important to see …
A study of … will make this point clear.
8). 让步
Certainly/Admittedly, B has its own advantages, such as …
I do not deny that A has its own merits.

3. 结尾部分
In summary, …
In short, …
In brief, …
To sum up, …
In conclusion, …
All in all, …
On the whole, …
In a word, …
On account of this, …
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that …
Thus, it can be concluded that …
If all these factors are contemplated, therefore, I think …
Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that …
We can conclude from the foregoing reasons and examples that …
Now, after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that …

三. 写作摸版
1. 给定观点型
给定观点型的题目，在提出一个话题之后，同时也给定了关于这个话题的一种看法或观点，要求考生以这个给定的观点或看法作为作文的论点进行论证。
1）. 模版1（证明一个给定的论点）
引出话题（转述话题）. 提出给定的论点.
One possible reason is 支持论点的理由1. 证明理由1. Another reason is支持论点的理由2. 证明理由2.
On the whole, 总结全文. 提出建议或解决思路.

2). 模版 2（证明一个给定的论点）
In recent years, 引出话题（转述话题） has become a hot topic both on and off campus.
In my opinion, 提出给定的论点. Firstly, 支持论点的理由1. 证明理由1. Secondly, 支持论点的理由2. 证明理由2. Thirdly, 支持论点的理由3.证明理由3
In a word, 重申主题.

3). 模版3（证明一个给定的论点）
A common ground has been reach that, 引出话题（转述话题）. 提出给定的论点.
For one thing, 支持论点的理由1. 证明理由1. For another, 支持论点的理由2. 证明理由2.
So from what has been discussed, one can reach only this conclusion 重述论点.

4). 模版4（证明一个给定的论点）
I do strongly support the idea that提出给定的论点. This I support with the following reasons.
As we know, firstly, 支持论点的理由1. A small example could give some light to this point. It is said that 例证法证明理由1.
Under some circumstances, the deviation of 给定的论点 would be potentially harmful, or at least, unpredictable in its results. For instance, 举一事例. I illustrate this extreme example just in an attempt to state one thing clearly; 支持论点的理由2. Last but not the least, 支持论点的理由3. In order to see this point clearly, 证明理由3.
So, based on the above discussion, I agree with the opinion that重述论点.
5). 模版5（证明一个给定的论点）
I totally agree with 提出给定的论点, and I will explain why this is the case.
The first and most important reason is that it is human nature to支持论点的理由1. If you just look around, you will always see 理由1带来的正面效果. For instance, 论证理由1. Another reason why I agree with 论点 is that支持论点的理由2. In fact, a good example of this is that 举一事例证明理由2 . Moving on to wider themes, 支持论点的理由3.
It is very clear that 总结观点. There is no question in my mind that 重申观点.
6). 模版6（证明一个给定的论点）
Many of the world’s religions share a belief that 提出给定的论点. I agree with the above statement because one can clearly see 给出论点的好处.
History presented many examples of 支持论点的例子.
On a personal level, 我对论点的看法. It even might be said that 我对论点的更深一层次的看法. Sometimes, for instance, 举例支持我的看法.
Whatever may be or have been said, most people would hold this as a general truth: 给定论点的好处.
To take the idea further, 对论点的好处进一步的阐述.
I agree with the above statement because I believe that重申观点.

2. 对比选择型
对比选择型的题目，在提出一个话题之后，同时也给出了关于这个论题的两种对立观点（是或否）或两种有关的看法， 然后要求考生选择其中一个观点作为自己的论点，进行论证。
1）. 模版1（从A、B 两种不同的观点意见中选择一种）
Some people believe A. Other people take the view of B. In my opinion, the advantages of B are more than those of A because B fits me better in two ways. I will explain my opinion about it.
First, 支持论点的理由1. 证明理由1. Second, 支持论点的理由2. 证明理由2.
From the above, I think B has a lot of advantages comparing with A. So重申观点.
2）. 模版2（从A、B 两种不同的观点意见中选择一种）
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B. There are advantages and disadvantages on both sides. From my point of view, it is more advisable to choose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for A is that 支持论点的理由1. 就理由1进行解释. For instance, 例证法证明理由1. Another reason can be seen by every one is that支持论点的理由2. 就理由2进行解释.. For example, 例证法证明理由2.
Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as B的缺点.
In a word, 总结概括. So, it is sagacious to support the statement that B is better to A.
3）. 模版3（从A、B 两种不同的观点意见中选择一种）
引出话题（转述话题）. When faced with the decision of A/B, quite a few would deem that____, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point of view. According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer A rather than B.
The main reason for my inclination for A is that支持论点的理由1 证明理由1. The second reason can be seen by every person is that支持论点的理由2 证明理由2 . In addition, these reasons are also usable when we consider that___.
There are some disadvantages in 另一种观点的缺点.
In short, 重复观点句并缩写理由. Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that 结论.
4）. 模版4（从A、B 两种不同的观点意见中选择一种）
Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a 陈述对方观点. But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.
The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant of the basic fact that支持论点的理由1 证明理由1. Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that支持论点的理由2 证明理由2. What is more, 支持论点的理由3 证明理由3.
All in all, 概括总结.
5）. 模版5（从A、B 两种不同的观点意见中选择一种）
Nowadays, some may hold the opinion that______. But others have a negative attitude. As far as I am concerned, I agree that ______. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
I agree with the statement that_____ without reservation since支持论点的理由1 证明理由1. Another reason why I agree with the above statement is that I believe that支持论点的理由2 证明理由2.
To sum up, 重申作者态度. Taking into account of all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that 结论.

4. 自由发挥型
自由发挥型的题目，在提出一个话题之后，要求考生对此论题展开连通，发挥创造力，提出自己的观点，题目对此不加以任何限定。
1）. 模版1（基于给定话题提出一种自己的观点看法）
Nowadays, it is a heatedly discussed topic to many families that引出话题（转述话题）. As for me, 提出论点.
Of course there are many benefits of this, but generally they come down to two major ones. First of all, 支持论点的理由1 证明理由1. Another benefit is支持论点的理由2 证明理由2.
In conclusion, 重申作者态度. So 提出建议.
2）. 模版2（基于给定话题提出一种自己的观点看法）
引出话题（转述话题） is very important in our life. In my opinion, 提出论点.
For one thing, 支持论点的理由1 证明理由1. Besides, _____. For another, 支持论点的理由2 证明理由2.
To sum up, 总结作者观点.
3）. 模版3（基于给定话题提出一种自己的观点看法）
These days, we often hear about引出话题（转述话题）. People’s attitudes towards it vary greatly. From my point of view, it is a good way to提出论点.
To begin with, 支持论点的理由1 证明理由1. On the other hand, 支持论点的理由2 证明理由2.
All in all, 重述论点has more advantages than disadvantages. We should take into account 需要注意的地方.
4）. 模版4（基于给定话题提出一种自己的观点看法）
This problem is a much debated one in that it affects everybody in their daily lives. In my opinion, 提出论点.
It is an obvious fact that支持论点的理由1 . For example, 举例说明理由1. Perhaps another reason why 论点lies in the fact that支持论点的理由2. 证明理由2.
Let’s bring our discussion here to a more present and practical context. In today’s world, 举一个例子证明论点.
We can conclude from the foregoing reasons and examples that 总结观点.
5）. 模版5（基于给定话题提出一种自己的观点看法）
In my point of view, 提出论点.
The reasons are quite clear. First of all, 支持论点的理由1 Perhaps the most important example of 论点is that 举例说明理由1.A further reason why I prefer 论点is that支持论点的理由2 .There is good evidence to show that证明理由2.. The third and very important reason is that支持论点的理由3 .Finally, 支持论点的理由4.
Now, after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that总结观点.

四. 各级考试作文范文话题集
1. Advertising
Advertising is common through the world as a way of letting the public know about a product. Some people feel that advertising is generally helpful, while others feel it is often harmful. Discuss your idea of good and bad effects of advertising, and decide whether you think it is generally helpful or harmful.
Use specific examples to support your discussion.
Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
The Good and Bad Effects of Advertising
You are to write in four paragraphs.
In the first paragraph, state your point of view.
In the second paragraph, describe the harmful effects and give specific examples.
In the third paragraph, describe the helpful effects and give specific examples.
In the last paragraph, restate your point of view.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
In most countries in the world, advertising is common. You can see posters on doors, signs on buses, pictures in magazines, and commercials on TV. Though these signs of advertising are often disliked, I feel that, overall, advertising has very positive results.
The harmful effects of advertising are obvious. When you are listening to beautiful music on the radio, a commercial is disturbing when it interrupts your program and changes your mood. Television commercials are the worst of all. Your program is stopped, and you are forced to watch an advertisement unless you actively change the channel or leave the room. I think that there should be laws to limit the advertisers’ right to interrupt TV and radio programs.
In general, however, I think that the positive results of advertisements are beneficial to society and individuals. When I do shopping, I can use advertisements in newspapers to compare prices, features, and quality of the product I want to buy. By being more informed, I can buy something that will benefit me in the long run. With advertisements, people save a lot of time in shopping, looking for jobs, etc.
All in all, for a wise and educated shopper, the helpful effects of advertising outweigh the harmful effects.

2. Bicycle
Inventions such as the electric lamp and the television have had an important effect on our lives. Choose another invention that you think is important.
Give specific reasons for your choice.
Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
Bicycle
Bicycles have become more and more popular in China. People ride bikes to their work places, to shopping areas, to schools, and so on. During the rush hours, you can oft