第五讲阅读能力提高的三个途1.doc

第五讲 阅读能力提高的三个途径

附文：
　　四级考试阅读理解技巧--根据上下文判断词汇的意义

关于词汇问题（Vocabu1ary） 　　
　　词汇（Vocabulary）是四级阅读理解测试中重要的一项。词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问，词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。因此考生可以利用上下文的特定语境推断生词的意思。阅读理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种：　　
（1）According to the author ,the word "…"means_______.　　
（2）What does the author probably mean by"..."in...paragraph?
(3) Which of the following is nearest in meaning to "…"?　
(4) From the passage, we can infer that the word"..."is ____.
(5) The term ".."in paragraph… can be best replaced by ….　
(6) What does the author probably mean by"..."in...paragraph?
(7)What's the meaning of "…"in line …of paragraph….?　　
(8)As used in the line …, the word "…"refers to _______.

　　一般来说，在文章的阅读中解决释义的最好的办法是猜测词义。猜测词义也需要一定的技巧，可以通过1)上下文间意义的联系；2）同义关系，反义关系；3）词的定义；4）对词的解释和举例；5）构词法知识猜测词义。

1. 利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义
Example :The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks .They go from island to island in these light narrow boats and collect turtles' eggs.

　　我们从上下文中可以得出以下信息："canoes"是一种渔夫用树木做的、来回于岛屿之间的、轻狭长的、类似于小船之类的东西。尽管我们可能还不能肯定它的确切解释，但这一生词已经不会影响我们的阅读和理解了。

Example ：Jogging has become very popular in some countries ,It is believed to be a good exercise for old people ."Jogging"的意思通过"a good exercise for old people "可以推断出是一种适合老年人的运动方式。

2. 利用文章中词与词的同义和反义关系猜测词义 Example :If you happened to be sitting in the woods outside the city ,you might have witnessed a strange sight . You would have seen a very proud looking man riding along horseback , saying something.

　　在文章中可以很容易地判断出"witnesss"的同义关系词是"seen",因此"witness"就是看见的意思。

Example :In the northern regions the winters are generally cold and humid ,and the summers hot and dry .

　　显然，冬天和夏天的气候是截然相反的，它们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反。"cold"与"hot"对应，"humid"与"dry"对应。因此，"humid"是"潮湿"　意思。

3.利用比较关系
Example:
The Asian monkey like other apes, is specially adapted for life in trees.
如果不认识ape ,但认识monkey ,这里用like把ape和monkey进行比较，还用了一个other说明monkey可能是ape的一种，即ape也就是“猿类”的意思了。

4.利用同位替代关系
Example:
Many famous scientists are trying to understand the problems modern people suffer from,but never these eminent scholars are confused about what causes them.
　　在句中，为避免重复，“these eminent scholars "替换”many famons scientists",既然scholars和scientists同义，eminent也就和famous同义，为“著名的“。