全国医学博士统一考试2005.doc

2005
Part II vocabulary
section A
31.There was no_____but to close the road until February.
A.dilemma B.denying C.alternative D.doubt
32.I______when I heard that my grandfather had died.
A.fell apart B.fell away
C.fell out D.fall back
33.I’m_____passing a new law that helps poor children get better medicine.
A.taking advantage of B.standing up for
C.looking up to D.taking hold of
34.In front of the platform,the students were talking with the professor over the quizzes of their_____subjects.
A.compulsory B.compulsive C.alternative D.predominant
35.The tutor tells the undergraduates that one can acquire____in a foreign language through more practice.
A.proficiency B.efficiency C.efficacy D.frequency
36.The teacher explained the new lesson_____to the students.
A.at random B.at a loss C.at length D.at hand
37.I shall ___the loss of my reading-glasses in newspaper with a reward for the finder. A.advertise B.inform C.announce D.publish
38.The poor nutrition in the early stages of infancy can ___adult growth. A.degenerate B.deteriorate C.boost D.retard
39.She had a terrible accident,but___she was’t killed.
A.at all events B.in the long run C.at large D.in vain
40.His weak chest___him to winter illness .
A.predicts B.preoccupies C.prevails D.predisposes
Section B
41.The company was losing money,so they had to lay off some of its employees for three months.
A.owe B.dismiss C.recruit D.summon
42.The north American states agrreed to sign the agreement of economical and military union in Ottawa.
A.convention B.conviction C.contradiction D.confrontation
43 The statue would be perfect but for a few small defects in its base.
A.faults B.weaknesses C.flaws D.errors
44.When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days.John was startlingly pale. A.amazingly B.astonishingly C.uniquely D.dramatically
45.If you want to set up a company,you must comply with the regulations laid down by the authorities.
A.abide by B.work out C.check out D.succumb to
46.The school master applauded the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.
A.praise B.appraised C.cheered D.clapped
47.The local government leaders are making every effort to tackle the problem of poverty.
A.abolish B.address C.extinguish D.encounter
48.This report would be intelligible only to an expert in computing.
A.intelligent B.comprehensive C.competent D.comprehensible
49.Reading a book and listening to music simultaneously seems to be mo problem for them.
A.intermittently B.constantly C.concurrently D.continuously
50.He was given a laptop computer in acknowledgement of his work for the company.
A.accomplishment B.recognition C.apprehension D.commitment

Part III Close
In Mr.Allen’s high school class,all students have to “get married”.However,the wedding ceremonies are not real ones but 51 .These mock ceremonies sometimes become so 52 that the loud laughter drowns out the voive of the “minister”.Even the two students getting married often begin to giggle.
The teacher Mr. Allen,believes that marriage is a difficult and serious business.He wants young people to understand that there are many changes that 53 take place after marriage.He believes that the need for these psychological and financial 54 should be understood before people marry.
Mr.Allen does’t only introduce his students to major problems 55 in marriage such as illness or unemployment.He also expose them to nitty-gritty problems they will face every day.He wants to introduce young people to all the trials and 56 that can strain a marriage to the breaking point .He even 57 his students with the problems of divorced men must pay child support money for their wives.
It has been upsetting for some of the students to see the problems that a married couple often faces. 58 they took the course,they had not worried much about the problems of marriage.However,both students and parents feel that Mr.Allen’s course is valuable and have 59 the course publicly.There statements and letters supporting the class have, 60 the school to offer the course again,
51. A.duplications B.imitations C.assumption D.fantasies
52. A.noisy B.artificial C.graceful D.real
53. A.might B.would C.must D.need
54. A.issues B.adjustments C.matters D.expectancies
55. A.to face B.facing C.having faced D.faced
56. A.tribulations B.errors C.triumphs D.verdicts
57. A.informs B.concerns C. triumphs D.associates
58. A.Until B.Before C.After D.As.
59. A.taken B.suggested C.endorsed D.reproched
60. A.confined B.convinced C.compromised D.conceived
passage one
Why do people always want to get up and dance when they hear music? The usual explanation is that there is something embeded in every culture-----that dancing is a “cultural universal”. A researcher in Manchester thingks the impulse may be more deeply rooted than that. He says it may be a reflex reaction.
Neil Todd,a psychologist at the University of Manchester. told the BA that he first got an inkling that biology was the key after watching people dance to deafeningly loud music.“There is a compulsion about it.”he says.He reckoned there might be a more direct,biological,explanation for the disre to dance,so he started to look at the inner ear.
The human ear has two main functions:hearing and maintaining balance.The standard view is that these tasks are segregated so that organs for balance,for insance,do not have an acoustic function.But Todd says animal studies have shown that the sacculus,which is part of the balance---regulating vestibular system,has retain some sensitivity to sound.The sacculus is especially sensitive to extremely loud noise,above 70 decibel.
“There’s no question that in a contemporary dance environment,the sacculus will be stimulated.”says Todd.The average rave,he says,blares music at a painful 110 to 140 decibels.But no one really knows what an acoustically stimulated sacculus does.
Todd speculates that listening to extremely loud music is a form of “vestibular self-stimulation”:it gives a heightened sensation of motion. “We don’t know exactly why it causes pleasure.”he says.”But we know that people go to extraordinary length to get it.”He list bungee jumping,playing on swings or even rocking to and fro in a rocking chair as other example of pursuits designed to stimulate the sacculus.
The same pulsing that makes us feel as though we are moving may make us get up and dances as well,says Todd.Loud music sends signals to the inner ear which may prompt reflex movement. “The typical pulse rate of dance music is around the rate of locomotion.”he says,“It’s quite possible you’re triggering a spinal reflex.”
61.The passage begins with______
A. a new explanation of music B. a cultural universal questioned
C. a common psychological abnormality D. a deep insight into human physical movenents
62.What intrigued Todd was ______
A.human instinct reflexes
B.people’s biological heritages
C.people’s compulsion about loud music
D.the damages loud music wrecks on human hearing
63.Todd’s biological explanation for the desire to dance refers to_____
A.the mechanism of hearing sounds
B.the response evoked from the sacculus
C.the two main functions performed by the human ear
D.the segregation of the hearing and balance maintaining function
64.When the sacculus is acoustically stimulated,according to Todd_____
A.functional balance will be maintained in the ear
B.pleasure will be aroused
C.decibel will shoot up
D.hearing will occur
65.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The human ear does more than hearing than expcted.
B.Dancing is capable of heighten the sensation of hearing
C.Loud music stimulates the inner ear and generates the urge to dance
D.The human inner ear does more to help hear than to help maintain balance.
passage 2
Have you switch off your compter? How about your television? Your video? Your CD player? And even your coffee percolator? Really switched them off,not just pressed the button on some conrtol panel and left your machine with a telltale bright red light warning you that it is ready to jump back to life at your command?
Because if you haven’t,you are one of the guilty people who help pollute the planet.It does’t matter if you’ve joined the neighborhood recycling scheme, conscientiously sorted your garbage and avoided driving to work. You still can’t sleep easy while just one of those little red lights is glowing in the dark.
The awful truth is that household and office electrical appliances left on stand-by mode are gobbling up energy, even though they are doing absolutely nothing. Some electronic products-----such as CD players----can use almost as much energy on stand-by as they do when running. Others may use a lot less, but as your video player spend far more hours on stand-by than playing anything, the wastage soon adds up.
In the US. alone, idle electronic devices consume enough energy to power cities with the energy needs of Chicago or London----costing consumers around ＄1 billion a year. Power stations fill the atmosphere with carbon dioxide just to do absolutely nothing.
Thoughtless design is partly responseble for the waste.But manufactures only get away with desinging products that waste energy this way because consumers are not sensitive enough to the issue,indeed,while recycling has caught the public imagination ,reducing waste has attracted much less attention.
But “source reduction”,as the garbage experts like to call the art of not using what you don’t need to use,offers enormous potential for reducing waste of all kinds.With a little intelligent shopping,you can cut waste long before you reach the end of the chain.
Packaging remains the big villain. One of the hidden consequences of buying products grown or made all around the world, rather than produced locally,is the huge amount of packaging. To help cut the waste and encourage intelligent manufacturers the simplest trick is to look for ultra-light package.
The same arguments apply to the very light but strong plastic bottles that are replacing heavier glass alternatives,thin-walled aluminum cans,and cartons made of composites that wrap up anything drinkable in an ultra-light package.
There are hundreds of other tricks you can discuss with colleagues while gathering around the proverbial water cooler—filling up,naturally,your own mug rather than a disposable plastic cup. But you don’t need to go as far as one website which tells you how to give your friends unwrapped Christmas presents.There are limits to source correctness.
66. Fron the first two paragraphs,the author implies that______
A.hitch has made life easy everywhere
B.nobody seems to be innocent in polluting the planet
C.recycling can potentially control environmental deterioration
D.everybody is joining the global battle against pollution in one way or another
67.The waste caused by household and office electrical appliances on stand-by mode seems to_____
A.be a long-standing indoor problem B.cause nothing but trouble
C.get exaggerated D.go unnoticed
68.By idle electronic devices,the author means those appliances_____
A.left on stand-by mode
B.filling the atmosphere with carbon dioxide
C.used by those who are mot energy-conscious
D.used by those whose words spesk louder than actions
69.Ultra-light packaging______
A.is expected to reduce American waste bu one-third
B.is an illustration of what is called “source reduction”
C.can make both manufacturers and consumers intelligent
D.is a villain of what the garnage experts call “source reduction”
70.The conclusion the author is trying to draw is that______
A.one person cannot win the battle against pollution
B.anybody can pick up tricks of environmental protection on the web
C.noybody can be absolutely right in all the tricks of environmental protection
D.anybody can present or learn a trick of cutting down what is not needed

passage 3
You can have too much of a good thing,it seems---at least when it comes to physiotherapy after a stroke. Many doctors believe that it is the key to recovery:exetcising a partially paralyzed limb can help the brain “rewire”itself and replace neural connections destroyed by a clot in the brain.
But the latest animal experiments suggest that too much exercise too soon after a brain injury can make the damage worse. “It’s something that clinicians are not aware of,”says Timothy Schallert of the University at Austin,who led the research.
In some trials,stroke victims asked to put their good arm in a sling---to force them to use their partially paralyzed limb---had made much better recoveries than those who used their good arm. But these patients were treated many months after their strokes. Earlier intervention,Schallert reasoned,should lead to even more dramatic improvements.
To test this theory,Schallert and his colleagues placed tiny casts on the good forelimbs of rats for two weeks immediately after they were given a small brain injury that partially paralyzed one forelimb.Several weeks later, the researchers were astonished to find that brain tissue surruouding the original injury had also died. “The size of the injury doubled. It’s very dramatic effect.”says Schallert.
Brain-injured rats that were not forced to overuse their partially paralyzed limbs showed no similar damage,and the casts did not cause a dramatic loss of brain tissue in animals that had not already suffered minor brain damage.In subsequent experiments,the researchers have found that the critical period for exercise-induced damage in rats is the first week after the initial brain injury.
The spreading brain damage witnessed by Schaller’s team was probably caused by the release of glutamate,a neurotransmitter,from brain cells stimulated during limb movement.At high doses,glutamate is toxic even to healthy nerve cells.And Schallert believes that a brain injury makes neighboring cells unusually susceptible to the neurotransmitter’s toxic effects.
Randolph Nudo of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,who studies brain injury in primates, agrees that glutamate is the most likely culprit. In experiments with squirrel monkeys suffering from stroke-like damage, Nudo tried beginning rehabilitation within five days of injury.Although the treatment was bebeficial in the long run,Nudo noticed an initial worsening of the paralysis that might also have been due to brain damage brought on by exercise.
Schallert stresses that mild exercise is likely to be beneficial however soon it begins.He adds that i