高中英语必修三Unit1.doc

高中英语必修三
Unit 1 Festivals around the world
一、 Sentences
1. Belief, then, is the great guide of human life.
2. There’s no feast on earth that does not end in parting.
3. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
4. It’s never too old to learn.
5. Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
6. No cross no crown.
7. Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.
8. Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.
9. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
10. The country ,covered with cherry tree flowers ,looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
11. Festivals lead us enjoy our life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.
12. The photo reminded her of her lover who had drowned at sea, and she wept. Although she had wiped her tears away when she came out from the room, she could not hide her sadness on her face.
13. The meeting that will take place next week is in memory of their ancestors’ arrival in the village over one hundred years ago.
14. If you haven’t got a might park permission you can’t park your car here.
15. According to experts’ prediction he’ll win the best actor at the Golden Rooster Award this year.
16. It was obvious that he was trying to hold his breath.
17. For many years the old man who lives the Mexico has been dreaming day and night about going back to his town.
18. The energetic poet could not find the origins of the words.
19. He apologized to me for not having kept his word and asked me to forgive him when we met again.
20. The temperature is 32 degrees below freezing.
21. The windows are covered with steam from the heat inside. Outside, snow covers the streets and is piled up along the sidewalks.
22. If you were fall in, you would freeze in less than 2 minutes.
23. When admiring the ice sculptures everywhere in the city, much like those in Harbin in China, you can stop with other tourists in an igloo for hot tea or coffee.
二、 Useful phrases
1. self-respect 自尊 self-discipline 自律
2. discipline military discipline 军事训练 Eg. Good discipline in the classroom makes it easier to work.良好的课堂纪律有利于教学。（n.） Offenders will be severely disciplined.违法者将受严惩。（v.）
3. work up to the collar 拼命工作 collar 衣领 white-collar worker白领 blue-collar worker 蓝领
4. cannibal n. 怪兽，残食同类的动物或人
5. missionary n. 传教士 mission n. 使团，使命，传教地，职责
6. Festivals the Double-Ninth Day 重阳节 the Double-Seventh Day 七夕节 the Lantern Day 元宵节 the Laba Rice Porridge Festival 腊八节 Tomb-sweeping Day 清明节
7. 表达节日的日期可用fall 和be held 两种说法。比如，Dragon boat Festival falls on the 5th Day of the 5th lunar month. 阴历五月初五 The Double-seventh Day is held on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month.
8. pick spring couplet 贴春联
9. paste ‘up-sided Fu’ 贴倒过来的福
10. sweep the dust 扫灰
11. set off firecrackers放鞭炮
12. give away lucky money in red paper 发压岁钱
13. watch CCTV’s New Year’s Gala 看央视春晚
14. eat prawn and dumplings 吃大虾和饺子
15. reunion with family and relatives 和家人亲戚团聚
16. mean to do sth. 意欲做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着 means 单复同形，方式
Eg. Can I use your car? By all means=of course.
By means of 通过…的方式
Eg. They succeeded by means of hard working and perseverance.
By no means 一点也不，绝不
The first step will take quite a long time and can by no means by accomplished overnight.绝不
She is by no means poor; in fact ,she’s very rich.一点也不
17. accomplished adj. 完成了的，已经实现的，熟练地，有教养的 Eg. An accomplished fact 既成事实 an accomplished musician 一位有造诣的音乐家 an accomplished lady 一位有教养的女士
18. starve starve to death 饿死 starve for knowledge 渴求知识 I’m starving.我快饿死了。
19. origin Eg. I’m a German by origin. 原籍是
20. do harm to =be harmful to Eg. Smoking is harmful to/does harm to our health. Staying up late at night dies more harm than good. Do more harm than good 弊大于利，do more good than harm 利大于弊
21. in memory of=in honour of
22. lead to 导致，通向 All roads lead to Rome.
23. in the shape of
24. religious belief
25. spirit-flesh Eg. The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 力不从心，心有余而力不足 flesh up/out 发福
26. gain No pains no gains.(n.) 1.gian和lose 相对，减肥lose weight 增肥gain weight I gained for 5 pounds last summer. 2.手表走快，lose 手表走慢 My watch gains 5minutes a day.
27. capable of The passage is capable of various interpretations.这段话可以有各种的解释。
28. award & reward 1.award sb sth. 比如 He was awarded scholarship last term. 2.She deserves a reward for her efforts. 3.They rewarded the winners with some gifts of fruits and flowers. Award 较官方，多指颁发奖品授予奖项等；reward 指得到奖励
29. 十二生肖rat ox tiger rabbit dragon snake horse sheep monkey rooster dog pig
30. admire admire sb. for sth. 因…而欣赏某人
31. look forward to 展望，look back on 回顾
32. to 用作介词的结构 look forward to pay attention to be used to lead to attach importance to get down to(=begin to do sth.) object to（=against doing） prefer doing to doing
33. clothing un. 一件衣服 a piece of /an article of clothing clothing industry 服装业
34. make fun of 取笑某人 have fun with
35. custom break a custom customer 顾客 Customs 海关
36. turn away 赶走 turn out 生产，结果是，证明是（做此意时无被动） turn to 转向（to是介词） turn down 关小，拒绝 turn over 翻转，浏览
37. Eg, It didn’t turn out as planned.
38. by turns 交替 in turn 轮流依次，反过来
Eg, Leaving home for the first time he felt cheerful and sad by turns. 悲喜交加
take turn to do/doing to do: 开始着手进行尚未开始的事情,依次去做；doing：正在做已经开始的事情，依次在做
39. have a word with sb.=talk to sb. have words with sb.=argue with sb.
in other words 换言之 in a word 总之
40. hold /catch one’s breath take/draw a deep breath be out of one’s breath/lose one’s breath上气不接下气
41. apologize apologize to sb for sth apology n. make an apology to sb. offer an apology to sb. accept an apology (主观接受) refuse an apology
42. drown one’s sadness in wine 借酒消愁 drown oneself in =be drowned in 沉浸于
43. wipe away tears wipe off the dust wipe your shoes on the mat 在毯子上擦擦你的鞋
44. lose love 逝去の爱 get lost 迷路 be lost in thought 陷入了沉思
45. missing & lost missing指缺失，有可能找得回来；而lost指丢失，一般找不回来
46. be married to 状态 marry sb. vt.
47. set out 起飞出发，set out on/to do sth.开始做 set up 建立 set aside 搁置 set about doing 开始做 set down=write down
48. remind sb. to do /that/of sth.
49. have a gift for… 对…有天分
50. forgive sb for…因为什么而原谅某人
51. 零度以上介词用above 或over, 零度以下用below freezing It’s freezing outside.
52. be prepared to do 某人为做某事做好了准备
例句：I'm prepared to take the exam. 我已经为考试做好了准备。
53. 田径 田赛field 径赛 track
54. speed down the track (down,prep.) speed down (adv.)to
55. partly-frozen 部分结冰
56. at great speeds
57. dance to music 随着音乐跳舞
58. sleep in 睡懒觉
三、 Grammar
1. would do 和used to do 都能表示过去的事情，would 指习惯性动作，used to可指动作和状态
2. 现在分词作伴随状语，前提主语一致
Eg. Hearing the cry for help ,he rushed out.
He went out shutting the door behind him.
两个动作若是同时或紧接着先后发生，则在状语动词后加ing.
两个动作之间若是出现明显的时间间隔，状语动词用having done.
Eg. Seeing the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree frightened out of life.
Born and raised in the countryside, he was curious about the big city.
Laughed by others, he still won’t give up.
His letter, having been to the wrong number, reached me late.
3. with + n. +prep. 的结构 Eg.Our new English teacher came in with a glass case in her hand/a box on her shoulder/a book under her arm.
With average mark up by 2 points, our teacher rewarded us with some gifts.
4. As if 的三种语法
一、as if 从句的作用
　　1.在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。如:
　　She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。
　　It seems as if our team is going to win. 看来我们队要胜了。
　　2. 引导方式状语从句。如:
　　She loves the boy as if she were his mother. 她爱这男孩,好像她是他的母亲一样。
　　The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up. 那孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。
　　二、as if 用于省略句中
　　如果as if 引导的从句是"主语+系动词"结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。例如:
　　He acts as if (he was / were) a fool. 他做事像个傻子。
Tom raised his hand as if (he was /were going) to say something.
She left the room hurriedly as if(she was / were)angry.
　　三、as if 从句的语气及时态
　　1. as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。
　　当说话者认为句子所述的是真实或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如:
　　It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。
　　2. as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。
　　当说话者认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下:
　　(1)从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时。如:
　　You look as if you didn't care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。
　　He talks as if he knew where she was.他说话的样子,好像他知道她在哪里似的。
　　(2)从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词"。如:
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.　　
The girl listened as if she had been turned into a stone.
3)从句表示与将来事实可能相反,谓语动词用"would / could / might+动词原形"。如:
He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if it might snow. 看来好像要下雪了。
4. 动词作后置定语，需要看与被修饰词的关系
Christmas actually started as a religious festival celebrated by Christians around the world. A dog staving at his master’s gate predicts the ruin of the state.
5. rather than 第一，would rather do than do,两边时态一致；
第二，就远原则，适用于rather than 不放在句首的情况。如，John, rather than classmates, is to blame. You, rather than she ,are my guests.
第三，rather than 放在句首，后面跟着的动词用原形。Rather than cause trouble he went away.= He went away rather than caused trouble.
6. 同位语 We all firmly oppose Obama, the president who met the Dala Lama. The new-founded company needs a more capable leader, one with strong will as well as humor. 注意，one代替不定冠词加上名词，而that取代定冠词加上名词
7.虚拟语气
If
条件从句
主句
现在事实
过去时（be—were）
Would/should/could/might+V原
过去事实
Had+pp.
Would/should/could/might+have done
将来事实
Were to do/should do/过去时
Would+V原
注：从句中若去掉if,把were/had/should 提前，其他不动。如，were I you=if I were you
8.时间状语从句的省略
特例：it is
Eg.Whenever (it is) possible ,you should come and help.
When (she was)very young, she wanted to be a teacher.
When arriving (when you arrive),send me a message.
Until (you are )asked to ,don’t come in.
9.Modal Verbs
1、be able to 和can
①be able to 有多种时态，但是could 并无时态意义
②当表示能力时, be able to 指经过努力具有的，could表示本身就具有的能力
③作“可能”讲时，can和could不用于陈述句中。
④表推测，must be…can’t be…
2、may 和might
①二者都表推测不表时态
②May I come in? Yes,you may/can. No, you can’t/mustn’t.
③表祝愿，May you succeed! May God bless you! 注意，may sb do sth.
3、must
①必须做某事
②Must I…? Yes ,you must. No,you don’t need to/needn’t.
③mustn’t 指不允许，禁止
④表推测 there must be /there can’t be ..
4、must&have to
Must 表主观，have to表迫于客观原因
5、should&ought to
①advice：You should go to see the dentist.
②prediction :Such things ought not to be allowed. They should go home now.
③ought to 的否定式，ought not to
④should表惊奇，惊讶，居然
Eg. It’s surprising that should be so carefulness.
6、Shall&will
第一人称和第三人称的疑问句，表征求意见。第二人称用will you
第二人称和第三人称的陈述句，表警告。
When should she be able to leave the hospital?
You shall fail if you don’t work harder.
Will表意志，意愿， 有“愿，要”之意
7、would
①Promise&prediction :I promised that I would do my best.
②Reqest:Would you please open the door?
③Past habit:同used to 相比较
④表示虚拟
8、need&dare
既是情态动词，又是实义动词
Need doing=need to be done
Need I …? Yes, you must. No ,you needn’t.
9、表对过去的推测
①must/have done 一定已经 否定式can’t have done
If he had really been there I must have seen him.
The cake is very sweet.You must have put a lot of sugar.
②may&might have done 可能已经
All the persons present stared at me .I might have come to a wrong conclusion.
③can have done(不能用于陈述句)，不可能已经
Eg.Mary can’t have received my letter,otherwise she would have replied before.
You cannot have seen him at the party, I saw him off at the airport yesterday afternoon.
总结：must,may/might,can表示对过去的推测，其余情态动词后加上have done表示本来….但事实并非如此。特例是could,could have done 既可以表示对过去的推测，也可以表示本来怎样。
Eg. He paid for a seat when he could have entered free.
Q1：作“可能”讲时，can和could不用于陈述句中。

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