Interpersonal-Function-人际功能.ppt
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1、Interpersonal FunctionContentsNotions of Hallidays Interpersonal FunctionInterpersonal Function on address termsInterpersonal Function on mood systemInterpersonal Function on modality systemNotions of Interpersonal FunctionlAccording to Halliday,there are three meta-functions in every language syste
2、m.One of them is called interpersonal function(IP for short).IP functions a lot in establishing and maintaining the social relationships between speakers throughout the use of language in daily life.lHalliday observed“Here,speaker is using language as the means of his own intrusion into the speech e
3、vent:the expression of his comments,attitudes and evaluations,and also of the relationship that he sets up between himself and the listener-in particular the communication role that he adopts,of informing,questioning,greeting,persuading,and the like(Halliday,1973:333).lThe function is the meaning po
4、tential of the speaker as an intruder.Through the function,the speaker makes himself participate in a certain context of situation and expresses his opinions,attitudes and evaluations and also attempts to exert influence on others attitude and behavior.In addition,the function shows the role relatio
5、nship related to the situation,including communicative role relationship between questioner and answerer,informer and doubter,and so on.lIn other words,the interpersonal function in communication not only realizes the speakers attitudes,his or her role,status,point of view,intention and judgment,but
6、 also influences the receivers point of view and actions.the relationship between the speakers and the hearers is dynamic.Hallidays research on the interpersonal function was mainly carried out from the perspective of mood,modality and intonation.Hallidays Model of Interpersonal FunctionlInterperson
7、al Interactional-Moodl l Attitudinal modality modalization l modulationl l (Evaluative devices)The Realizations of Interpersonal FunctionInterpersonal Function on mood systemlThe definition of mood offered by Thompson(2000:42)is that it expresses the entity that the speaker wants to make responsible
8、 for the validity and for the preposition being advanced in the clause.Mood is“the selection by the speaker of a particular role in the speech situation”and his determination of the choice of roles for the addressee(Halliday,1994:33).We should make it clear what the speech role is,and in so,doing as
9、signs to the listener a complimentary role,which he wishes him to adopt in his turn.lThe interpersonal function of mood is strongly linked to speech role.During the speaking role for himself,and the complementary one for he listener.lMood consists of two parts,the subject and the finite element.lThe
10、 subject is mainly expressed by a nominal group,it can be a noun,a noun phrase,or a clause.l For example:(1)Changes were just getting underway.(2)A rising China will fuel economic growth and prosperity.(3)That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.lThe finite element is one of a small
11、 number of verbal operators,expressing tense(e.g.do,was),or modality(will,may).lFor example:The road ahead will be long,or climb will be steep.we will get there(Nov04,2008Chicago)lThere are three types of mood in English:the declarative mood,the interrogative mood and the imperative mood.Usually whe
12、n people use Language to state their opinions,they may use the declarative clause;when they want to get information from other people,they may adopt the interrogative clause;and when they are willing to offer something to command someone to do certain things for them,they most naturally use imperati
13、ve clause to express their speech roles.However,mood choices and speech roles do not always coincide with each other.lSpeech function and mood typeslSpeech function Mood Typesl Statement declarativel Question Interrogativel Command Imperativel Offer Modulated interrogativel indicative declarative l
14、(to give information)l yes/no questionlmood Interrogative WH-questionl (to demand a response or answer to the question by interrogative mood)l Imperativel (while offer for goods&services)Interpersonal function on modality systemlAccording to Halliday,modality is a form of participation by the speake
15、r in the speech event.It is believed that each finite verbal operator has two forms,which can be either positive or negative.The intermediate degrees which construes the region of uncertainty that lies between“yes”and“no”.Through modality,the speaker can indicate his or her status and validity in hi
16、s or her own judgment,he or she intrudes and takes up a position.Modality thus derives from what we call the“interpersonal”function of the modalization and modulation.Modality is important in that it shows the speaker s judgment of the probabilities or the obligations involved in what he is saying.M
17、odality system specifies whether the speaker is indicating probability,usuality,obligation and inclination,shows speakers uncertainty.modalizationlAccording to Thompson,modality can be classified into two basic types:modalization and modulation.lIf the commodity being exchanged is information,the mo
18、dality relates to how valid the information is in terms of probability,such as possibly,probably and certainly(how likely it is to be true)or usuality,such as sometimes,usually,always(how frequently it is true).It is the speakers judgment of the likelihood of the proposition.Modality can be mainly r
19、ealized by different modal means such as modal operator,modal adjunct,modal lexical verb,the combination of modal adjunct and modal operator.lAmong the many variants of the different modal operators,Halliday just picked out some most familiar and frequently-used ones to demonstrate their values in h
20、igh,median,and low scales:lValues of modal Operatorsl Low Median HighlPositive may might will would must ought tol can could shall should need has to is tolNegative dare neednt is/was to has/had to l doesnt wont mustnt oughtnt tol Didnt need to wouldnt maynt mightntl have to shouldnt isnt cant could
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- 关 键 词:
- Interpersonal Function 人际 功能
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