专题3虚拟语气.doc

专题3 虚拟语气
1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：

条件状语从句
主 句
与过去事实相反
had + 过去分词
should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词
与现在事实相反
一般过去时(be用were)
would/should/could/might + 动词原形
与将来事实相反
一般过去时/should do/were to do
Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形
注意(1) 混合虚拟：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)
（2）含蓄虚拟：有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如:
Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。
But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
有时假设的情况还可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如:
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)
I would have finished the work, but I was ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)
（3） 当条件从句中含有助动词should/were/had时，可以将if省掉，将should/were/had提到句首，注意否定词不跟着提到句首。
Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off till next week.
Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

2. 虚拟语气用于名词性从句
（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)；
表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could do”；
表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had done”或“could have done”。如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order、recommend等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形,should 可省略，但不可用其他词替代。如：
She suggested we (should)leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she （should） be operated.
（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
在表示建议、要求、命令等的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
His suggestion is that we (should)go to Shanghai.
（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
①在表示建议、要求、命令等的主语从句中，也要用“should + 动词原形”的结构，并且should 也可省略。
It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she (should ) finish her homework this afternoon.
注意：和建议、要求、命令等相关的一切名词性从句（宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句）都采用should + 动词原形的虚拟语气,should 可省略，但不可用其他词替代
②在表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等的主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构。如：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
注意：上句表示对这种事实（so careless）的惊奇，因此用虚拟语气。但是如果不表示惊奇等情感，那么that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：
It is a pity that you can’t swim.
3. 虚拟语气在其他场合的运用
（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中.
He treated/treats me as if I were his own daughter.(谓语treat和“是他女儿”之间是同时性，则从句谓语用一般过去时)
They talked as if they were friends.( 同时性)
They talked as if they had been friends for years.（先时性，用过去完成时）
He said goodbye to us as if he would never come back again.(后时性，用would/could + 动词原形)
注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
(2) even if/even though从句中，表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用would/could + 动词原形。如：
Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.
(3）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：
It’s time that I picked up my daughter.
It’s high time we were going.
(4）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中，情况同wish。如：
If only I were a bird.
If only I had taken his advice.
(5)would rather 后跟句子时，要用虚拟语气，情况有两种：和过去事实相反，用过去完成时；和现在或将来相反，用一般过去时,不用were 代替was。
I’d rather I hadn’t seen the film yesterday.
I’d rather you started now.
I’d rather you went there tomorrow.
(6)用“may + 动词原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：
May you be happy! 祝你快乐！
May good luck be yours. 祝你顺利。
(7)Be he rich or poor, she will marry him. (Whether he is rich or poor, she will marry him.)

虚拟语气练习
1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.
A. knew, will send B. had known, would have sent
C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent
2. If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now.
A. had started, would be B. started, might be
C. had started, would have been D. will start, might have been
3. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it , I ____ then.
A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up
C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up
4. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill; wouldn' t be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been
C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be
5. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.
A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do
6. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.
A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it
C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be
7. Without your help, we________ so much.
A. won ' t achieve B. didn ' t achieve
C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved
8. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.
A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made B. If you had taken; would make
C. Were you lo take; shouldn t have made D. Have you taken; won’ t have made
9. We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school.
A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do
10. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night.
A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going
11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.
A. could B. should C. would D. were able to
12. My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation.
A. could B. must C. should D. might
13. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there.
A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given
15. I insisted that he ________ at once.
A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go
16. Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all.
A. hadn ' t stolen B. shouldn ' t steal C. doesn ' t steal D. steal
17. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.
A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make
18. He acted as if he ________ everything in the world.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won't know
19. Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly.
A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard
20. They got up early in order that they ________ they first train.
A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch
21. I am sorry that he ________ in such poor health.
A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be
23. It is high time we ________ home.
A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went
25. If only I _________ to the lecture!
A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened
28. Without electricity, human life ________ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
37. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
---- Yes, but I ________. busy doing my homework..
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

38. His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk.
A. had been B. was C. be D. should be
39. But for the snow, we _____ earlier.
A. will arrive B. should have arrived C. arrive D. arrived
40. Here’s an umbrella in case you _____ it.
A. should use B. needed C. needing D. to need
41. It is natural that he _____ his mind.
A. changes B. changing C. change D. to change
42. It is a pity Mr. Zhang isn’t here. If he _____, my parents would be happier.
A. comes B. has come C. came D. had come
43. _____ you succeed and _____ you be healthy.
A. May; may B. Wish; wish C. Hope; hope D. Should; may
44. It’s high time he _____ home.
A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go
45. I hoped _____ my letter.
A. her to answer B. that she would answer
C. that she will answer D. her answering
46. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _____ to the meeting.
A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come
47. If she knew as much about music as you do, my daughter _____ much better.
A. play B. must play C. will play D. would play
48. “Jane wants to see you tomorrow.”
“I would rather she _____ today than tomorrow.”
A. comes B. should come C. come D. came
49. The secretary listened carefully _____ he might discover exactly what she wanted.
A. so as that B. in case C. in order that D. providing
50. Supposing the weather _____ bad, where would they go?
A. will be B. is C. were D. be
51. Without the leadership of the Party, there _____ no New China.
A. would be B. has been C. was D. should be
52. The work would require that _____ at 5 every morning.
A. she has been there B. she was there C. she be there D. she will be there
53. The little hero’s pale face suggested he _____ dead.
A. is B. was C. should be D. be
54. Galileo insisted that the earth _____ round the sun.
A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B
55. The rice _____ if you had been more careful.
A. wouldn’t be burning B. would not burn
C. wouldn’t have been burnt D. would not burnt
56. _____ I known it, I should have told him.
A. Have B. Had C. Having D. If
57. It is necessary that we _____ a foreign language.
A. must master B. ought to master C. master ed D. should master
58. My idea is that we _____ to our plan.
A. must stick B. ought to stick C. should stick D. will stick
高考资源网 2010年高考英语试题分类汇编——虚拟语气
59. ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't
60. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy
61. If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
62. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
63. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
64. If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken

65. --The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .
A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died
66．Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .
A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved
67. I would have helped you, but I __ really occupied the whole week．
A．was B．am C．had been D．were
68. But for the storm, we __________ a pleasant journey, but had to turn back halfway．
A．would have B．would have had C．will have D．had
69. Mary failed the driving test again．If she ______ harder, she ______ the test easily．
A．practiced; would pass B．had practiced; would pass
C．had practiced; would have passed D．should practice; should have passed
70. These achievements_______ without the contribution of Qian Xuesen, a key leader of the New China's nuclear, missile and so on．
A．would have been unthinkable B．would not be unthinkable
C．would be unthinkable D．would not have been unthinkable
71. The woman boss told the customer that it was none of her business and ordered that he _____ away at once.
A. went B. go C. goes D. going
72. If it were not for the fact that she _______ play tennis, I would invite her to join us.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. might not D. can’t
73. ---Jenny took the 9:10 bus to Hangzhou this morning.
---Really? She ____ the 9:00 Express. It is much more comfortable and faster to travel by train.
A. could have taken  B. need have taken 
C. must have taken  D. would have taken
74. If transport costs into consideration at the beginning , the factory would have been built far from its present place.
A．will be taken B．were taken C．had been taken D．were being taken
75. He _______ the letter typed, but he decided to handwrite it and send it in person in order to show his sincerity.
A. must have had B. should have had C. would have D. could have had
76. Class regulations require ______ is the last to leave the classroom ______ off all the lights.
A. who; should turn B. whomever; turn C. whoever; turning D. whoever; turn
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