倒装及时态讲义.doc

倒装

倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装，表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。

　　一、使用全部倒装的情况 

　　1.在there be /lie/stand/live 句型中。如： 
　　There will be a sports meet in our school next week. 
　　There goes the ambulance. 

　　2.表示地点、方向、时间的副词位于句首时，谓语动词多为表示运动的不及物动词。如： 
　　Here is a telegram for you. 
Down jumped the man from the horse. 

★注意此句型不用倒装的情况 
　　There he comes!！ 
　　Here you are.  
　　In he came and the meeting began. 

　　3.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。如： 
　　Between the two buildings stands a tall pine.
Along the dusty road came a great many tourists. 

4.把分词短语或形容词置于句首时。 如： 
　　Sitting at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes. 
Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday
　　The Most popular are young singers. 

　　5.直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，点明说话人的部分主谓语要倒装。如： 
　　“Are you listening to English on the radio?”said Mother. 

　★注意此用法不倒装的情况，如： 
　　 “Light travels faster than sound,”David said to her.
　　“How dare you say so?”Mr Smith said angrily.

6.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如： 
　　Long live our great country! 

　　二、使用部分倒装的情况 

　　1.only修饰的状语位于句首时。如： 
　　Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks. 
　　Only with more practice can you pass the driving test. 
　　★only修饰 不用倒装的情况。如： 
　　Only that girl knew how to work out the problem. 

　　2.含有否定意义的副词位于句首时。如： 
　　Seldom in all my life have I met such a brave man.  
　　Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. 

3.not until位于句首时。如： 
　　Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 

　　4.在 no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely/barely...when...结构中,前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装如：
Hardly had the baby seen the dog when she cried. 
　　No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country. 

5.not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时，前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装,第二个分句则不倒装。如： 
　　Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels. 
　　Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently. 

　　6.so/neither/nor开头的句子,说明前面的内容也适用于后者时。需要倒装。
如： 
　　She has been to Dalian and so have I.  
　　John can’t speak Japanese,nor can Helen.  
　　★用so表同意的时候，不用倒装的情况。

7. as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将谓语部分的形容词/名词/动词等提到句首，采用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。如： 
　　Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid. 

　　8.在so/such...that...结构中，so/such 及其修饰部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。如： 
　　So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest. 
Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.

9.在含有were/had/should虚拟条件句中，省去if，把这三个词放在句首时。如： 
　　 Were she here now  , she would take good care of her parents. 　　
Had you attended the graduate ceremony , I should have seen you. 

10.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如： 
　　May you be happy! 

英语句子时态
动作

时间
一般
完成
进行
完成进行
现在
现在一般时
I do it
现在完成时

现在进行时

现在完成进行时

过去
过去一般时

过去完成时

过去进行时

过去完成进行时

将来
将来一般时

将来完成时

将来进行时

将来完成进行时

过去将来
过去将来一般时

过去将来完成时

过去将来进行时

过去将来完成进行时

1．I do it every day.
2．I did it yesterday.
3．I shall/will do it tomorrow.
4． You knew I should do it tomorrow.
5．I am doing it now.
6．I was doing it at that time.
7．I shall/will be doing it at 9：00 tomorrow morning.
8. You knew I should be doing it at 9:00 tomorrow morning.
9．I have done it already.
10．I have done it before I went home yesterday.
11．I shall/will have done it before you come back tomorrow.
12. You knew I should have done it by the end of next month.
13．I have been doing it for two days.
14．I had been doing the work for two hours when the teacher came.
15．I shall/will have been doing it for an hour when you come to see me at 9：00 tomorrow morning.
16. You knew I should have been doing it by four o’clock tomorrow.

例句：
1.We never imagined that John would become a doctor.
2. The car has arrived
I have been to the library.
He has gone to the library.
I have lived here for more than 30 years.
I have been here since last October/since I was a child.
He has tried six times and he failed six times.
He’s just gone.
I have already read that book.
Have you finished that yet?
Harry has made the tea and is watching TV again.

3. I had finished my homework before supper.
By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.

4 I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.
When I have done that, I shall have done all I was supposed to do.

5.The party would have arrived by four o’clock.
The day was drawing near when we would have completed the reservoir.

6. I will be seeing Mr.Smith tomorrow.
If I fail to appear by seven o’clock,I will not be coming at all.
My brother will take care of you. I will call him today and he’ll expecting you.

7.John told us that Mary would be coming next day.
I never realized that some day I would be living in china.

8.He is ill. He has been lying in bed for three weeks.
You have been saying that for five years.

9.i had been looking for it for days before I found it.
They’d only been wairing for the bus a few moments when it came.
10.I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.

11. He said that by the end of the Spring term he would have been studying english for three years.

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