牛津英语8A_unit2[1].doc

(牛津初中英语总复习)
8A Unit 2
一、【精选词汇】　　
Ÿ 重点短语　　
1. around the world全世界，世界各地 (p23)　　
〈知识链接〉around…＝all over…＝throughout… 遍及…, e.g. around/all over/throughout China　　
2. British English简写为BrE，英式英语。American English简写为AmE，美式英语。　　
〈知识链接〉英语在长期使用过程中由于地域和习惯等差异，逐渐形成了英式英语和美式英语两大阵营，它们在某些词的拼写、读音或用法上出现了不同；但这并不影响英语国家人们的交流，英美两国的人们已经接受了这些不同。　　
BrE　　
AmE　　
Chinese　　
BrE　　
AmE　　
Chinese　　
American football　　
football　　
美式足球　　
maths　　
math　　
数学　　
autumn　　
fall　　
秋天　　
rubber　　
eraser　　
橡皮　　
film　　
movie　　
电影　　
secondary school　　
high school　　
中学　　
football　　
soccer　　
足球　　
post　　
mail　　
邮政　　
ground floor　　
first floor　　
一楼　　
colour, neighbour　　
color, neighbor　　
颜色，邻居　　
metre　　
meter　　
米　　
travelling　　
traveling　　
旅行　　
lift　　
elevator　　
电梯　　
holiday　　
vacation　　
假期　　
3. in Year 8 (BrE)＝in Grade 8＝in the eighth grade (AmE) 在八年级 (p24)　　
4. like learning how to cook and sew 喜欢学习如何做饭和缝纫 　　
5. do not know how to do things for myself 不知道如何打理生活 　　
6. cook healthy and tasty meals 做健康美味的饭菜 → tasty＝delicious美味的；可口的 　　
7. Reading Week读书周，read any books from the library 阅读图书馆的任何书籍　　
8. as well＝too也，用于肯定句、一般疑问句句尾；either也，用于否定句句尾。用too, either填空　　
〈知识链接〉⑴Is she from England (也)? ⑵He didn’t know the reason, (也). 　　
9. have driving lessons上驾驶课→have a…lesson上一堂…课 　　
10. drive me to school 开车送我去上学 　　
〈知识链接〉drive sb to… 开车送某人去某地，e.g. drive her to hospital开车送她去医院，drive him home　　
11. (it) takes less time than taking the bus比坐公共汽车少花时间(省时间) 　　
〈知识链接〉It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一段时间。　　
＝Sb spend(s) some time (in)doing sth.某人花费一段时间做某事。　　
〈用法拓展〉It took Nancy half an hour to take the bus to school.　　
＝Nancy spent half an hour taking the bus to school. 　　
12. spend a lot of time practicing playing softball花费许多时间练习打垒球 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴spend time doing sth花费时间做某事 ⑵practice doing sth练习做某事　　
13. talk to new students about school life和新生谈论学校生活 　　
〈知识链接〉talk to sb about sth和某人谈论某事　　
14. listen to my problems倾听我的烦恼→listen to sb听某人说话 　　
〈知识链接〉listen to the teacher听老师讲课，listen to the singer听歌手唱歌　　
15. have a great time talking to each other一起快乐地聊天 　　
〈知识链接〉have a great/good time doing sth＝have fun doing sth做某事获得乐趣　　
16. Home Economics＝a subject about cooking and sewing家政 (p25)　　
17. read an article by a girl from the USA看一篇一个美国女孩写的文章 　　
〈知识链接〉an article (written) by sb 某人写的文章，e.g. Yesterday he read an article (written) by Lu Xun.　　
18. at the age of 16在16岁时→ at the age of…＝at…在…岁时＝when sb was＋年龄 (p26)　　
19. learn more about…更多地了解…，We should learn more about the world.
20.形容词及反义词：easy→difficult/hard, interesting→boring,
useful→useless(否定后缀)，popular →unpopular, important→unimportant(否定前缀) 　　
21. have a/an＋科目＋lesson 上一节……课　　
〈知识链接〉have an Art lesson, have a Computer Studies lesson, have a Geography lesson, have a History lesson, have a Home Economics lesson, have a PE lesson, have a Science lesson　　
22. do morning exercise做早操，类似的用法：do eye exercises做眼保健操 　　
〈知识链接〉exercise ⑴可数名词：操；练习do three exercises做三道练习题　　
⑵不可数名词：锻炼 do/take more exercise多运动　　
23. length of summer holiday暑假的长度 　　
〈知识链接〉long长的 →length长度 (见8A Unit 1“重点短语”第25条注解)　　
24. have more weeks off →have…off休息…(时间)　　
〈知识链接〉have/take some time off休息一段时间 e.g. have/take two weeks off休息两周　　
25. stay in hospital for a month住院一个月 (p34)　　
〈知识链接〉in hospital，in the hospital这两个短语形式上仅区别于定冠词the上，但实际意思有很大区别。in hospital＝be ill in hospital生病住院，in the hospital在医院里，多指在医院工作。　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴at the table在桌旁，at table在吃饭 ⑵on the bed在床上，in bed躺着(不一定在床上)　　
26. look out of the window向窗外看→look out of…向…外看→反义词：look into…向……里看　　
27. be on TV 上电视→Mr Sigmund Friend is going to be on TV and make a speech about teenage problems. 　　
28. have cakes for dinner晚饭吃蛋糕 　　
〈知识链接〉have sth for breakfast/lunch/dinner早饭/午饭/晚饭吃…　　
29. move to Canada搬到加拿大 　　
〈知识链接〉move to…搬到…，move into…搬到…里，e.g. move into a new flat搬到新套房里　　
30. go on school trips参加学校组织的郊游 (p35)　　
〈知识链接〉go on a trip to…去某地旅行，e.g. go on a trip to the Xuanwu Lake Park　　
31. ideal school理想学校，e.g. ①ideal home ②The battery of my ideal robot can last for two months. (p36)　　
32. have an hour for lunch有一小时的吃午饭时间　　
33. wear school uniforms穿校服，wear ties系领带 　　
34. a big library with lots of useful books一个有许多有用藏书的图书馆 　　
〈知识链接〉with…作后置定语修饰名词 e.g. a country with long history一个历史悠久的国家　　
35. the same size as…与…有同样的大小 (p37)　　
Ÿ 〈知识链接〉the same…as…与…有同样的…
Kitty is the same age as Simon.基蒂与西蒙一样大。　　
Ÿ 词汇解析　　
1. ⑴hero英雄,被崇拜的对象(＝idol)；有性别之分。 hero男英雄；男主人公；男主角→heroes(复数)　　
⑵heroine女英雄；女主人公；女主角→heroines e.g. 　　
①a war hero战争英雄 ②my childhood hero我孩提时的偶像　　
③The Olympic team was given a hero’s welcome on their return home.　　
④one of the country’s national heroes. 这个国家的一位民族英雄　　
2. practice n.&v.练习，e.g. ①practice doing sth练习做某事 ②Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。　　
3. finish sth./doing sth. 完成某事；做完某事　　
4. play＋球类运动，play the＋乐器，play chess下棋，play hide-and-seek捉迷藏　　
以下短语是play常见的搭配： 　　
⑴play tennis/table tennis/softball/baseball/basketball/badminton/football
/volleyball　　
⑵play the piano/violin/guitar 　　
5. be the same as…和…一样→be different from…与…不同 　　
①My uniform is the same as Simon’s. ②The weather in Hong Kong is different from that in Xuzhou.　　
6. score the most points得分最高→point是具体的分值，mark是成绩、得分，如：get full marks得满分，score 100 points得100分，get a high/good mark得高分，get a low/poor mark得低分。　　
7. health健康→healthy健康的→unhealthy不健康的→healthily健康地 e.g. be in good health身体健康　　
二、【重点句型】　　
1. What does the word ‘hero’ mean? 单词hero是什么意思？ (p25)　　
〈知识链接〉What does … mean?＝What is the meaning of…?＝What do you mean by…? …是什么意思？　　
2. It means someone you admire very much. 它指的是某个你非常钦佩的人。　　
〈知识链接〉someone (who/whom) you admire very much某个你钦佩的人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。比如：someone you like，the boy I’m looking for 　　
3. British students spend less time doing their homework than Chinese students. (p32)　　
〈花费金钱、时间〉⑴Sb spend some time doing sth.某人花一段时间做某事。　　
Sb spend some money on sth某人花钱买某物。
① He spent 99 dollars on the CD-ROMs.
② She spent 3 hours finishing her work.　　
⑵Sth be some money. Sth cost some money. Sth be woth some money.某物的价钱。　　
①The CD-ROMs are 99 dollars. ②The CD-ROMs cost 99 dollars. 　　
③The CD-ROMs are worth 99 dollars. 以上三句意思都是“这些光盘值99美元。”　　
⑶Sth cost sb some money.某物花费某人多少钱。
The CD-ROMs cost him 99 dollars.　　
⑷Sb pay some money for sth. 某人买某物花多少钱。
He paid 99 dollars for the CD-ROMs.　　
⑸It takes/took/will take sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人一段时间。take指的是花时间，it是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正主语，因此该句的原来形式应该是To do sth takes/took/will take sb some time.
It took her three hours to finish her work.　　
＝To finish her work took her three hours.　　
4. It finishes at 3 p.m. so we will have lots of time for after-school activities. 　
〈知识链接〉have time for sth. 有时间做某事，have time for sb有时间顾及某人
My parents work all day. They don’t have time for me.我的父母整天上班。他们没时间顾及我。
三、【中考真题】　　
1. Now the air in our hometown is than it was before. Something must be done.　　
A. much better B. more worse C. more better D. much worse　　
2. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than made in America.　　
A. ones B. those C. that D. it　　
3. I like art any other subject. It is the most interesting.　　
A. the best B. much more C. better than D. much better　　
4. —Which is , the sun, the moon or the earth? —Of course, the moon is.　　
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest　　
5. In order to keep healthy, you should eat fast food, fresh vegetables and take enough exercise.　　
A. fewer; fewer B. less; more C. fewer; more D. less; less　　
6. Aunt Li often asks her son too much eat. It’s bad for his health.　　
A. don’t eat B. not to eat C. not eat D. to not eat　　
7. My mother doesn’t like doing the housework at home. She usually __________much time shopping in the supermarkets.　　
A. spends B. costs C. takes D. pays　　
8. Uncle Wang was ____ (不能) to speak good Japanese when he was in Japan.　　
9. If we don’t protect the animals, We will be ____ (不能) to see them in the future. 　
10. —Li Ping, what's the American English for "film"? — . 　
A. Fall B. Hall C. Math D. Movie　　
11. Which city has (little) polluted air, Taizhou or Zhenjiang? 　
12. 阅读短文，按要求完成短文后的各项任务。　　
Today I would like to tell you about my dream.My dream is a simple but great one. It is to be a teacher. ⑴我从小就梦想做一名老师。⑵First of all, it is a pleasure for me to be with children. They make me feel happy and young. Furthermore, ⑶老师在孩子们的成长过程中扮演着重要的角色。They teach children and show them how to be good. When children grow up they use the knowledge that they have learned to develop their motherland and make it more beautiful. ⑷我认为教书是世界上最有价值的事情之一。That's all. Thank you!　　
1.将⑴⑶⑷处的汉语译成英文：　　
⑴ 　　
⑶ 　　
⑷ 　　
2.将⑵处的英文译成汉语： 　　
3.回答问题：What's the best title of the short passage?
7