高考英语完形填空题型解码.doc

高考英语完形填空题型解码
完形填空选项分类
1．四个同义词、近义词或词组。四个选项的词义基本相同或相近，如：idea，view，suggestion，opinion等都表示“观点”的意思。
2．四个同一范畴的词或词组。
四个选项的词义既不相反也不相同，但同属于一个范畴，如：bread，sandwich，hamburger，
cake都是表示“食品”的名词。
3．四个意义相对独立的词或词组。四个选项的词义既不相反也不相同，也不属于一个范畴，如：eat，take, run, cry。
4．意义相同或相反词义混杂的词或词组。四个选项中出现相同或相反的现象，如：troubles, difficulties, pleasure, ease(其中，troubles和difficulties意思相同，但它们与ease意义相同，但它们与ease意义相反，而pleasure的意思又和ease不相干)
完形填空解题绝招
补空阅读方法：
(1)在阅读短文之前，先扫一眼20个选项，随手在同义词、近义词或同范畴的词的选项上做上记号(这个工作大约花1--2分钟)。
(2)在阅读的过程中，遇到做记号的同义词或近义词选项就按自己理解的方向随便挑一个选
项补在空内，再继续往下阅读。记住：不要顾忌所挑的选项是否正确，因为此时只是“利
用”而不是“确定”。
(3)对同一范畴的选项要谨慎利用(视这类词在文章中的位置而定，如果它们处在文章的细节
部分则可以大胆利用)。
例1She attended the test of TOEFL as a middle-school student and 42 it with a good mark，
which shows us her great 43 in Engish learning．
( )42．A．passed B．got C．1earned D．took
( )43．A．skills B．talent C．mind D．experience
例2So it is foolish for 46 to extend their living 47 by destroying or 48 animals and
plants living conditions．
( )46．A．people B．mankind C．humans D．persons
( )47．A．space B．place C．room D．area
( )48．A．reducing B．narrowing C．spending D．destroying
对付四个同义词、近义词或同一范畴词的招数
在完形填空题中用同义词、近义词、同一范畴的词以及四个意义相对独立的词或词组等来设置选项已在各类考试中成为趋势。2004年高考英语试题的完形填空20个选项中有10个空是属于这一类词。因此，掌握了破解这类选项的办法，解答完形填空便得心应手。
第一招 看涵盖，比大小
在同义词或近义词中找答案，不能指望上下文里提供某个信息或证据来帮你。即便是有
信息，这种信息一般也只出现在选项所在的句子里，所以对付这样的选项，“上下求索”只会浪费时问。四个选项的意思虽然相同或相近，但它们所涵盖的内容有大有小，考生可以根据情况加以选择。
注意：从第一招开始至第六招，例题中只提供与本招数有关的答案，如不提供，旨在让读者在上下文信息不完整的状态下独立用该招数理解或完成该题。
例l 2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(辽宁卷)
Scott and his four companions were terribly disappointed．When they got to the South Pole，they found the Norwegians(挪威人)had 36 them in the race to be the first ever to reach it．
( )36．A．hit B．fought C．won D．beaten (同一范畴的词)
例2 2004年湖北省高考英语试题完形填空
The 22-year-old student 37 to stop her car by the side of the road in the winter night and
opened the trunk．
( )37．A．afforded B．wanted C．allowed D．managed (同一范畴的词)
例3 2003年高考英语试题完形填空
When the game finally ended，both of us were lying flat on our backs，too tired to 54 ．
( )54．A．play B．start C．sleep D．move (同一范畴的词)
例4We consider that Miss Zhou’s 49 to Canada is very important and necessary for our school
to 50 to open the courses of China-Canada Double—Record of Formal Schooling．
( )49．A．journey B．trip C．tour D．travel (同义词)
例5First of all，people should know that the World is formed by different 42 including human
beings．
( )42．A．animals B．birds C．creatures D．plants (同一范畴的词)
例6I can speak to the 44 that Lin Chen works hard and has a good method in studies．She is able to 45 independently and analytically，…
( )45．A．write B．think C．read D．speak (同一范畴的词)
注意：不能把这一招理解成“谁的涵盖量最大就填谁”。根据需要选择是关键。
例7I think the skills(not advice)for reading comprehension should be based on the knowledge of English 48 ．
( )48．A．speaking B．writing C．1earning D．1istening (同一范畴的词)
例8Her quick 47 in class，unique answers to the teachers’questions and good understanding to the lessons often 48 the students to have further discussions or debates on the text 49 ．
( )47．A．actions B．responses C．speeches D．expressions (近义词)
例9 2006年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语(湖北卷)
Most of what she knew about American 37 was from the textbooks she had read．
( )37．A．way B．1ife C．education D．spirit
第一招 看涵盖，比大小 演练
根据选项单词的涵盖量，结合句子意思，选择正确选项。(本完形填空练习不需要上下文的帮助)
1．Chinese people called——“yu” and time“zhou”．
A．place B．stars C．the sun D．space
2．So people first have to know about the earth for a better_____ and development．
A．family B．job C．1iving D．1esson
3．Humans will have to develop new space to increase and develop more social____．
A．activities B．exercises C．problems D．discussions
4．Anybody running a company knows that a well—planned meeting can greatly help improve the performance of that ______．
A．employment B．jobs C．business D．sale
5．Years ago while lying in my hammock(吊床)and ____soft drinks from the bottle，I felt happy．
A．having B．drinking C．eating D．making
6．By this，students not only display their____，but also learn and practice English with great fun．
A．work B．plan C．ability D．exercise
7．… but give them some background in ____ and history as well．
A．geography B．culture C．arts D．science
8．He says it is by far the _____thing he has ever done in his life．
A．best B．easiest C．biggest D．greatest
9．My mother remarried shortly afterwards，and this man was my dad until 1 was nineteen．I called him Dad and used his name a11 through______．
A．school B．1essons C．classes D．terms
10．I am twenty now and no longer_____at home,…
A．sleeping B．playing C．staying D．living
11．This was their last exam then on to the _____ceremony and jobs．
A．education B．school C．graduation D．opening
12．With all they studied during the four years of college，they felt ready and able to conquer the________.
A．nations B．world C．nature D．earth
13．There are still many things about the _____you don’t know．
A．class B．1esson C．unit D．subject
14．You will all pass this course，but remember even though you are now college graduates your
_____has just begun．
A．education B．job C．career D．course
15．We，the Iraqi people，who have____so much，feel helpless when we see these things.
A．suffered B．injured C．died D．wounded
16．In the last three months，there have been several attacks in Iraq causing heavy damage. Not only were US troops____，but also UN buildings and workers.
A．against B．aimed C．targeted D．pointed at
17．Such is human___，that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for
the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
A．quality B．personality C．nature D．ability
18．He will be___half as much as he used to，but he feels that his rise in status is well worth
the loss of money．
A．taking B．having C．making D．earning
19．The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of _____.
A．education B．introduction C．industry D．civilization
20．Experts confirmed that a puma would not attack a human unless it is ____.
A．cornered B．threatened C．frightened D．hunted
21．The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered，for she went down on her first _____with heavy loss of life．
A．sail B．voyage C．journey D．tour
22．Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days， but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to____.
A．say B．report C．declare D．claim
23．She tried to explain the ____，saying“It’s only me"，but it’s too late.
A．case B．situation C．occasion D．chance
24. The bridge is so long that the____of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer.
A．shape B．size C．outlook D．structure
25．Above the ____ of the water，the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the
cables from which the bridge has been suspended．
A．1ine B．1evel C．surface D．height
26．Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to ____like machines．
A．1earn B．read C．answer D．act
27．He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative___that…
A．mind B．idea C．thinking D．mood
28．You may only want to take good photographs of___and places．If so，we can help you to
get better results．
A．faces B．heads C．appearances D．bodies
29．We are writing a descriptive essay when we describe the____of an object．
A．size B．shape C．weight D．appearance
30．An argumentative essay tries to make the 1 agree with its point of view and support it， to persuade him to change his mind or 2 , and to approve a policy or a course of action that it proposes.
1．A．people B．writer C．reader D．audience
2．A．behavior B．movement C．action D．work
第二招 看主语，比宾语
有些词，特别是及物动词或短语，谈不上谁涵盖谁，如：have，make，do，take；invent，create，produce，make；say，talk，speak，tell；trust，believe，think，consider；spend，cost，take，use；reply，answer，response，explain；allow，admit，let，permit等。采取比较意义涵盖大小的方式来区别这类词是不行的，比较灵验的办法是通过观察它们的主语或比较它们的宾语来确定正确选项。
例1 2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(辽宁卷)
After 37 the British flag at the Pole，they took a photograph of themselves 38 they
started the 950 mile journey back．
( )37．A．growing B．putting C．planting D．1aying (同一范畴的词)
例2 2004年湖北省高考英语试题完形填空
Two weeks later she 52 to find her o1d car cleaned inside and out with three new tires and the radio 53 .
( )53．A．1oaded B．fixed C．tied D．rebuilt (同一范畴的词)
例3 2003年高考英语试题完形填空
So when Ed 45 for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly 46 ,…
( )46．A．notice B．admire C．believe D．measure (同一范畴的词)
例4 For example，the modem buildings，the chemical fertilizer use，the vehicles 37 petrol and
man-made reservoirs and dams play great important roles in people’s 38 .
( )37．A．having B．carrying C．burning D．using (近义词)
例5Her quick 47 in class，unique answers to the teachers’ questions and good understanding
to the lessons often 48 the students to have further discussions or debates on the text 49 . She also does well in physical 50 . In short，she is one of the most promising students I have ever known．
( )48．A．encourages B．improves C．calls D．develops
例6I hope you can do what you may be able to for Lin Chen．And I believe she will do as she is doing now in our school once she is 55 to your college．
( )55．A．allowed B．admitted C．let D．permitted
例7 2006年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语(湖北卷)
In the city of Fujisawa，Japan，lives a woman named Atsuko Saeki．When she was a teenager，she 36 of going to the United States．
( )36．A．1earned B．spoke C．dreamed D．heard
第二招 看主语，比宾语演练
观察下面句中选项的主语、谓语和宾语以及它们之间的关系，选择正确选项。(本完形填空练习不需要上下文的帮助)
1．The American National Football Team says it aims to ______for the championship(冠军)of
the 2010 World Cup．
A．look B．take C．compete D．ask
2．In a top players’match，the American Team______by one to two．
A．lost B．miss C．disappeared D．suffer
3．A pen and paper were provided and the President carefully began writing down what the young
man was able to______．
A．speak B．tell C．talk D．say
4．Two great towers______four huge cables．The towers are built on immense underwater platform made of steel and concrete．
A．help B．support C．provide D．raise
5．He______it as“a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which
flowed a great river．”
A．painted B．told C．described D．reported
6．Aleko______taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard．
A．denied B．refused C．rejected D．neglected
7．George was not too upset by his______because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about
his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates．
A．story B．experience C．past D．1egend
8．…that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work______by gangsters．
A．hurt B．damaged C．destroyed D．defeated
9．Not wanting to______the poor man，Mrs．Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs．
A. hurt B．frighten C．fear D．trouble
10．He had some time to______and he decided it would be a good idea to have a haircut．
A．spend B．kill C．use D．take
11．In order to gain your degree you must______six passes．
A．master B．manage C．obtain D．receive
12．It______all you need to know about choosing your course． ，
A．carries B．takes C．adds D．contains
13．People who work in the offices are frequently______to as“white—collar workers” for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work．
A．thought B．made C．referred D．regarded
14．Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to______their readers with unim-
portant facts and statistics．
A．give B．show C．supply D．provide
15．The silence was suddenly______when a large car，with its headlights on and its horn
blaring，roared down the arcade．
A．destroyed B．damaged C．broken D．torn
16．Perhaps we will______a new history when beginning to farm the sea．
A．find B．begin C．open D．discover
17．Some scientists say that we will______fish like plants in the field．
A．plant B．raise C．feed D．grow
l 8．The United States will______a new and comprehensive exam for students who seek to study in America and other English—speaking countries．
A．suggest B．carry C．advise D．introduce
19．The strong wind______the fire to thousands of camps in just a moment．
A．sent B．blew C．carried D．took
20．About 70，000 new______were put up to help those who lost everything in the fire．
A．houses B．hotels C．camps D．castles
21．Suppose we built a robot to______the planet Mars(火星)．
A．find B．discover C．reach D．explore
22．Should we______the robot to be equally active at a11 times? No．The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any．
A．plan B．program C．suggest D．advise
23．The APIEL has been adopted，because the TOEFL can no longer accurrately______the abilities of students to use the English language comprehensively．
A．reflect B．show C．suggest D．point
24．If an object is______by a gravitation force of 10 N，it is said that the weight of the object is
10 N．
A．taken B．attracted C．pulled D．put
25．In a word，we can see chemistry______a very important role in social development and the
progress of human beings．
A．works B．shows C．plays D．acts
26．You may want to learn more about photography and how it is______．
A．borrowed B．done C．taken D．used
27．The mid-term examination was over．Our school______a bicycle trip…
A．organized B．formed C．created D．took
28．Taiwan is the largest island in China．It has______of about 36，000 squares kilometers…
A．a shape B．an area C．a size D．a border
29．In a word，the film is giving way to TV，but it hasn’t been completely______by TV．
A．exchanged B．returned C．replaced D．moved ．
30．A number of new machines were______from abroad，thus resulting in an increase in production．
A．ordered B．introduced C．instructed D．brought
第三招 看同位，比所指
英语里有许多词都包含较抽象或丰富的内容，这些词(可能是名词也可能是动词)往往会
引起同位语从句、定语从句、介词结构作定语或者与其内容相关的宾语。如果遇到这样的词，
首先要找出它们相应的同位语、定语从句、介词结构作定语、宾语，然后找出与内容相符的其他名词或动词。引起同位语、定语从句、宾语从句或宾语的词有：suggestion，advice，idea，decision，plan，speech，response，question，reply，debate，argu