英语写作中常见20个典型错误.doc

英语句子写作中常见典型错误
任何一个句子，尤其是书面语的表达，首先要做到合乎语法规范，如主谓结构完整、主谓一致、正确的时态、语态等。下面，我们就把句子中最常见的语法错误罗列出来，供大家参考借鉴。

1. 不一致
所谓不一致不仅指主谓不一致，它还包括数的不一致，时态不一致，代词不一致等。
e.g. 1) When one have money, he can do what he want to.
此句是典型的主谓不一致。
When one has money, he can do what he wants to.
e.g. 2）A series debates between the two lecturers were scheduled for the next weekend. (主谓不一致常出现在主语离谓语较远的时候。)本句的主语是series而不是debates或lectures, 因此谓语应为单数形式，也就是应把were改为was.
A series debates between the two lecturers was scheduled for the next weekend.
时态不一致。
e.g. 3) This great loss had killed Mrs. White, but actually this free her from her husband.
This great loss had killed Mrs. White, but actually this freed her from her husband.
比较对象不一致。
e.g. 4) The average life span in the 1980’s was much longer than 1880’s.
The average life span in the 1980’s was much longer than in the 1880’s.
指代不一致
e.g. 5) And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
And we can also know the society by serving it ourselves
.
2. 2. 修饰语错位或错误
英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子的不同位置，句子含义可能引起变化。
e.g. 1) I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
此句中better的位置不当，应置于句末。
定于从句关联词使用错位；不定贯词使用不当。
e.g. 2) Writing a essay is difficult for students who English is a second language.
Writing an essay is difficult for students whose English is a second language.
正确使用现在分词作状语能使句子结构多样化，但不可以滥用。
e.g. 3) While celebrate their 20th anniversary in the restaurant, the wine glass broke and damaged Mr. White’s finger.
While Mr. White celebrating their 20th anniversary in the restaurant, the wine glass broke and damaged his finger.
When Mr. White celebrated their 20th anniversary in the restaurant, the wine glass broke and damaged his finger.

3. 句子不完整
在口语中，交际双方可借助手势、玉器、上下文等，即使不完整的句子也可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清楚。
e.g. 1) There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
后半句不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。
There are many ways to know the society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
e.g. 2) Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high school.
Many students like my friend in high school have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college.

4. 词性误用
词性误用常表现为介词当动词用，形容词当副词用，名词当动词用等。
e.g. 1) None can negative the importance of money.
其中negative是形容词，无用作动词。
None can deny the importance of money.
e.g. 2) I did not know what was happened in the classroom.
I did not know what had happened in the classroom.

5. 指代不清
指代不清主要指指示代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。
e.g. 1) Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
句首的主语与后边的逻辑关系不清楚。
e.g. 2) At the age of ten, my grandfather died.
At the age of ten悬垂修饰语的逻辑主语不清。
When I was ten, my grandfather died.
e.g. 3) To do well in college, good grades are essential.
To do well in college的逻辑主语不清楚。
To do well in college, a student’s good grades are essential.
To do well in college, a student needs good grades.

6. 措辞毛病
作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
e.g. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
考生把obstacles无用作substance了。The increasing use应为abusive use.
e.g. The abusive use of chemical substance in agriculture also causes / leads to pollution.

7. 累赘
言以简为贵。写句子应当没有多余的词；写段落应当没有必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。
e.g. In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
e.g. In spite of his laziness, I like him.

8. 不连贯
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。
e.g. The fresh water, it is the most important thing of the earth.
The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things在数方面不一致。
e.g. Fresh water is the most important thing in the world. .

9. 句式杂糅，即“run-on”句
两个句子糅合在一起，没有标点符号隔开。
e.g. 1) There are many students play football on the sports ground.
改正的方法有四种：
(1）变成两个独立的分句。
There are many students on the sports ground. They are playing football.
(2）通过使用分号和连词变为并列句。
There are many students on the sports ground; they are playing football.
There are many students on the sports ground and they are playing football.
(3）将其中一部分改为充当修饰成分的短语。
There are many students playing football on the sports ground.
(4）通过使用关联词if, when, who 等将其中一个句子改为从句。
There are many students who are playing football on the sports ground.
中国式英语。（good good study, day day up ）
e.g. 2) In my opinion think the company should pay for the victim’s injuries.
In my opinion the company should pay for the victim’s injuries.
e.g. 3) There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
There are many ways for us to get to know (learn about) the outside world.

10. 片语（fragment）
由于连词和标点符号不当而造成的。也就是完整句子的一部分，它不能完整地表达句意。最常见的错误是由从属连词开头的，改正的方法就是将他跟主语合并。
e.g. There is a teacher I shall always remember. Because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.
There is a teacher I shall always remember because she has a sweet voice and a pleasant smile.

11. 缺少句子成分。
英语中的形容词必须和系动词一起构成系表结构才能做谓语。
e.g. It is important to exercise because everybody seems to watch you if you fat and out of shape.
It is important to exercise because everybody seems to watch you if you are fat and out of shape.

12. 被动语态使用错误
被动语态的基本结构是：be动词+动词的过去分词，而其时态的变化是由be 动词来体现。
e.g. 1) The man had reproached (scold) by his daughter who was angry that he had deserted her mother for twenty years.
The man was reproached by his daughter who was angry that he had deserted her mother for twenty years.

13. 在汉语中“有”既可以表示“存在”，也可以表示“拥有”。但在英语中，却需要用不同的方式来表达。表示存在应该用there be 句型，但表示“拥有”则需用have/ has.
e.g. 1) When I was in university, my psychology class had more than 500 students, often forcing me to sit on the floor.
When I was in university, there were more than 500 students in my psychology class, often forcing me to sit on the floor.

14. 歧义句
e.g. 1) I told my friends that I was going to major in geology, which annoyed my parents.
I told my friends that I was going to major in geology, and my parents were annoyed by my choice.

15. 错误使用虚拟语气
在order, suggest 等表示命令和建议的动词的宾语从句中应该使用should加动词原形，should 可以省略。
e.g. 1) The judge ordered that the suspect was detained immediately.
The judge ordered that the suspect should be detained immediately.

16. 特殊句型使用错误
常常会出错的有：the more… the more…, not only… but also…, too … to …, used to do, be used to doing, would rather …than…, so… that…, … so that…, had better等；同时还应该注意到装语序的使用。
e.g. 1) Not only I wrote him a letter, but I also phoned him twice.
Not only I wrote him a letter, but also phoned him twice.
Not only did I write him a letter, but also phoned him twice.

17．Because 和so, although和but在句中不可同时使用。

18．用词不当错误
e.g. 1) The meeting was shut off when the chairman fell ill.
The meeting was cut short when the chairman fell ill.
2) When he was at school, he won first reward for good behavior.
When he was at school, he won first prize for good behavior.
3) He is as strong as a cow.
He is as strong as a horse / lion.

19．结构不平行
当使用连词将一系列的单词联结起来的时候，应当使用词性相同或同一类型的短语。
e.g. 1) I was able to raise my TOEF score by studying hard and I read lots of books.
I was able to raise my TOEF score by studying hard and reading lots of books.

20. 介词多余
这种情况常见于downtown, home, there, here 等词。这些词在英语中是副词而非名词，因而不能再他们前面添加介词。
e.g. 1) I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here. In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband.
I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned to me during yesterday. We went downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends here. In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband.
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