初中英语《阅读理解分析》市级公开课.ppt

1.20122012年南京中考卷结构、题型、分值、时间分布年南京中考卷结构、题型、分值、时间分布题类题类项目项目题量题量计分计分答题时间答题时间选选择择题题第一部分第一部分人机会话人机会话 （听力、口语）（听力、口语）202420（提前考试）（提前考试）第二部分第二部分语言语言 知识知识 运用运用单项填空单项填空15158完形填空完形填空101012第三部分第三部分阅读理解阅读理解202035非选非选 择题择题第四部分第四部分填空填空（单词、词形变化、（单词、词形变化、短文填空）短文填空）161616第五部分第五部分阅读阅读短文短文任务型阅读任务型阅读101012首字母填空首字母填空101012第六部分第六部分书面表达书面表达11525总计总计82+2096+24120+20得阅读者得天下.中考英语阅读试题特点中考英语阅读试题特点1.体裁丰富：体裁丰富：记叙文、说明文、应用文、议记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文，以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说论文，以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等。明、表格等。2.题材广泛：题材广泛：科普、社会、政治、经济等多科普、社会、政治、经济等多方面内容。方面内容。3.题型多样：题型多样：信息匹配、阅读回答问题、阅信息匹配、阅读回答问题、阅读选择、阅读填表、阅读填词、阅读完成句读选择、阅读填表、阅读填词、阅读完成句子、段落排序、阅读判断正误等。子、段落排序、阅读判断正误等。4.能力突出：能力突出：4大类能力考点题型、大类能力考点题型、6种能力种能力要求，以及快速阅读能力等。要求，以及快速阅读能力等。.4能力考点题型分类能力考点题型分类.1）把握文章的事实和细节的能力）把握文章的事实和细节的能力【说明说明】针对文章的事实和细节，常见的提问方式有：针对文章的事实和细节，常见的提问方式有：Which of the following is right/true/wrong/isnt mentioned?The following are all right EXCEPT _.Which of the following is the right order?用用What/Which/When/Where/Why/How等提问等提问.Elena jogged with her dad in some empty lots.But the lots were full of rocks and rubbish.One day,Elena saw a sign on the lots.It said,“New City Park.”Elena was excited.Elena told her parents about the sign.“I read about the park in the newspaper,”said Elenas father.“The city wants volunteers to help clean the area.Then the city will build a soccer and a playground.(2011南京南京)How did Elena know the city needed volunteers to help clean the lots?A.Her father told her about it.B.She read it in the newspaper.C.She learned it from a sign.D.She was told by other volunteers.细节理解题例细节理解题例1带题查阅速定位，提高答题针对性带题查阅速定位，提高答题针对性.Extreme ironing is a special kind of outdoor sport.It combines danger and excitement with practical ironing.There are,of course,some rules in extreme ironing.The ironing must be outdoors.(2010南京南京)How do extreme ironers feel when they do the sport?A.They feel bored with extreme ironing.B.They feel excited although it is dangerous.C.They feel very frightened neat the top of Everest.D.They feel lonely in the places far away from their binewith细节理解题例细节理解题例2慧眼识别同义句，句式转换藏于心。慧眼识别同义句，句式转换藏于心。.The worlds first robot teacher is Saya.With her human-like face,she can show expressions like happiness,surprise,sadness,dislike,fear and anger,which look much like a real teachers.(2011连云港）连云港）What makes Saya look real?A.Her face and rich expressions.B.Her clothes and shoes.C.Her walking and running speedD.Her rich knowledge细节理解题例细节理解题例3对比题目和原文，句子结构巧分析对比题目和原文，句子结构巧分析.带题查阅速定位带题查阅速定位紧扣主题排干扰紧扣主题排干扰题文对照细辨伪题文对照细辨伪 解题技巧解题技巧 细节理解题细节理解题.2）根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力）根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力【说明说明】要求根据上下文确定某一特定的词或要求根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义，常见提问方式有：短语的准确含义，常见提问方式有：The word“_”in the passage probably means_.The underlined word“it”in the passage refers to_.Whats the meaning of the underlined word“_”in the passage?.【说明说明】词义猜测题考查词义猜测题考查超纲词含超纲词含义的推断义的推断熟词生义或熟词生义或在特定场合在特定场合的意思的意思词义猜测并不难词义猜测并不难 把握语境是关键把握语境是关键文中信息细分析文中信息细分析 反复斟酌定答案反复斟酌定答案.1.You shouldnt blame him for that,for it wasnt his fault.2.He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.词义猜测题例词义猜测题例1、2通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词 通过反义词猜词通过反义词猜词 v.责备责备 adj.长相一般的，不漂亮的长相一般的，不漂亮的.3.Our government has taken action to better the life of the villagers “better”means“_”.4.Their friends laughed at them，and my sisters felt wretched，very unhappy“wretched”means“_”.unhappyimprove词义猜测题例词义猜测题例3、4通过构词法猜词通过构词法猜词通过同义词猜词通过同义词猜词.5.Today was a very hectic day for meI woke up late，hurried to the office，worked until four，went to the store，cooked dinner and washed clothesI did so many things that I was certainly very tired“hectic”means“_”busy词义猜测题例词义猜测题例5通过上下文语境猜词通过上下文语境猜词.Hot sun will dry out a snails body.So at the least sign of hot sun,a snail draws its body into its shell.A snail will die in a heavy rain.So when it rains,a snail does the same thing,too.(2008 南京）南京）6.In the sentence“a snail draws its body into its shell”,the word“draw”means_.A.to make with a pencil B.to pushC.to pull D.to move away 词义猜测题例词义猜测题例6 熟词生义熟词生义:关键词对猜测词义的辅助作用关键词对猜测词义的辅助作用.1.利用主旨要义。利用主旨要义。2.利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境。*同义解释、举例说明、语境暗示、指代、同义解释、举例说明、语境暗示、指代、因果推断、前后对比等。因果推断、前后对比等。3.利用构词法。利用构词法。*派生、合成、转化派生、合成、转化 4.利用经验常识。利用经验常识。解题技巧解题技巧 词义猜测题词义猜测题.3-1）对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各）对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段、各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力段、各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力【说明说明】考查句与句之间，短语与短语之间的逻辑关系，常见考查句与句之间，短语与短语之间的逻辑关系，常见提问方式有：提问方式有：1)Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because_.2)Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station?.3-2）依据短文内容和考生应有的常识）依据短文内容和考生应有的常识 进行推理和判断的能力进行推理和判断的能力【说明说明】文中没有直接答案，需要在理解上下文甚至全文文中没有直接答案，需要在理解上下文甚至全文的基础上，结合常识进行合理的推断。常见提问的基础上，结合常识进行合理的推断。常见提问方式有：方式有：1)We can guess the writer of the letter man be a _.2)We can infer from the text that_.3)What would be happy if?.3-3）推断作者意图和态度的能力）推断作者意图和态度的能力【说明】【说明】此类题目的常见提问方式有：此类题目的常见提问方式有：1)How did the writer feel at Vienna station?2)The writer writes this text to_.3)The writer believes that_.4)The writer suggests that_.“Do you believe in life after death?”Jacks boss asked Jack.“Yes,sir.”“Well,then,that makes everything just fine,”the boss went on.“About an hour after you left yesterday to go to your grandfathers funeral(葬葬礼）礼）,he dropped in to see you.”1.Who does the story tell us really believe in life after death?A.Jack B.Jacks bossC.Jacks grandfather D.No one推理判断题例推理判断题例1.He normally goes home between two and three oclock in the morning.There are times he has to stay longer and try to make more runs.He said,“Thats the worst thing about working for yourself.If you dont make money,no one is going to give it to you.”（2011 无锡）无锡）2.London taxi driver try to make more runs sometimes mainly because _ A.they make a living by driving B.they prefer to work for themselvesC.they want to help more passengersD.they are used to working deep into the night推理判断题例推理判断题例2.推理判断题例推理判断题例3 Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is robbery,disasters,and death.To be honest,Im sick of all this bad news.3.This writer is _ the newspaper reporting.A.pleased with B.patient with C.not satisfied with D.not angry with.解题技巧解题技巧 推理判断题推理判断题推理判断重原文推理判断重原文作者意图记心中作者意图记心中切忌主观乱猜测切忌主观乱猜测回归原文动脑筋回归原文动脑筋.4）掌握所读材料的主旨和要义的能力）掌握所读材料的主旨和要义的能力 【说明说明】主要针对段落（或短文】主要针对段落（或短文)的主题，主题思想，的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，常见提问方式有：标题或目的，常见提问方式有：1)Which is the best title of the passage?2)In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.3)This passage mainly talks about_.What do you do if you are trapped on a lonely island?Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world.You best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.Body signals Smoke signals Ground-to-air signals Pilots replies 主旨要义题例主旨要义题例1.1.Whats the passage mainly about?A.The explanation of building signals on an island.B.The importance of making signals on an island.C.Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.D.Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.Elena jogged with her dad in some empty lotsElena was excited.Maybe the park would have a jogging trail!.“Will they build a jogging trail?”Elena asked.“Well,perhaps if I help clean up the lots,theyll put in a jogging trail,”said Elena.Elena went to the area every week.Soon everyone knew her and she told everyone how wonderful a jogging trail would be.主旨要义题例主旨要义题例2joggedjogging trailjogging trailjogging trailjogging trail.The volunteers said they wanted to build a jogging trail around the park.They told the mayor how helpful Elena had been and how she wanted a jogging trail.The mayor said,“A jogging trail wont be hard to build.Lets do it!”(2011南京南京)2.What can be the best title for the story?A.Elena and a Mayor B.Elena and New City ParkC.Elena and Some Volunteers D.Elena and a Jogging Trailjogging trailjogging trailjogging trail.解题技巧解题技巧 主旨要义题主旨要义题主旨概括想大意，主旨概括想大意，首段尾段找主题，首段尾段找主题，作者观点很重要，作者观点很重要，通读全文细分析。通读全文细分析。.1 1、查读；跳读；猜读；品读、查读；跳读；猜读；品读2 2、做题；看题；悟题；舍题、做题；看题；悟题；舍题 在分析和总结的基础上做题在分析和总结的基础上做题;在做题的基础上分析和总结！在做题的基础上分析和总结！30.31.