成人学位英语语法词汇综合练习与详解(一).doc

成人学位英语语法词汇综合练习及详解（一）
1. ______ we need to complete the construction is two million dollars.
A. All what B. That all C. That D. What
2. ______ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.
A. At B. In C. For D. On
3. _______ all the difficulties, she finished the project by herself.
A. As for B. In spite
C. Besides D. Despite
4. _______ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A. Being published B. Published
C. Publishing D. To be published
5. _______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive
C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive
6. ______ book is interesting to her although reading is her hobby. She likes reading literature, not politics or economics.
A. None of B. No
C. Not every D. All
7. _______classic music, which follows formal European tradition, jazz is a spontaneous and free form.
A. In contrast to B. In connection with
C. In comparison with D. In regard to
8. _______ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.
A. Continuous B. Continual
C. Constant D. Contrary
9. _______ conventional black ink costs newspaper about thirty cents, most rub-resistant inks add at least ten cents more to the bill.
A. While B. Furthermore
C. Meanwhile D. Moreover
10. _______ for this suggestion.
A. There is something to be said B. There has something to be said
C. It is something to be said D. It has something to be said
11. _______ for your help, we'd never have been able to get over the difficulties.
A. Had it not B. If it were not
C. Had it not been D. It we had not been
12. ______ he's already heard the news.
A. Chances are B. Chance is
C. Opportunities are D. Opportunity is
13. _______ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.
A. But for B. According to
C. For all D. Thanks to
14. _______ his return from Japan, Prof. Li went directly to his laboratory and started working with his colleagues.
A. Upon B. At
C. Within D. Over
15. _______ I am concerned, some other arrangement would have been better.
A. So far B. As for
C. As far as D. So far from
16. _______ I saw you I knew you were angry with me.
A. A moment B. The moment
C. In a moment D. For a moment
17. _______ in government was exposed through the agency of the press.
A. Corruption B. Cosmetic
C. Cottage D. Costume
18. _______ in the dark, his head hit against the wall.
A. Walking B. His walking
C. When he was walking D. While walking
19. _______ is a term for the partial or complete inability to hear.
A. There is deafness B. Deafness that
C. It is deafness D. Deafness
20. _______ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American
writer.
A. That B. Which
C. As D. It
21. _______ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Age.
A. It is the sun and not the earth
B. Being the sun and not the earth
C. The sun and not the earth
D. That the sun and not the earth
22. _______ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
A. Believe B. To believe
C. Believing D. Believed
23. _______ kinds of matter in the world.
A. There is a few million
B. That there are millions
C. There are a few million
D. It is millions
24. _______ man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity.
A. As B. Whether
C. While D. Now that
25. ______ me, I think an English-Chinese dictionary is much more helpful to our study than an All-English dictionary.
A. As far as B. As far
C. As for D. As regard
26. _______ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours.
A. At B. With
C. On D. During
27. _______ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
A. To be free B. To free
C. Freeing D. Freed
28. _______ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.
A. On B. By
C. At D. Of
29. _______ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.
A. Until B. Before
C. From D. Since
30. _______ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.
A. That was from Stephen
B. It was Stephen whom
C. It was from Stephen that
D. It was Stephen that
1. D【句意】完成整个建设需要二百万元
【解析】在这里 what引导一个主语从句，what既起引导作用，又在从句中作谓语动词 need的宾语，如：What I want to know is why energy, unlike matter, is not made up of molecules and atoms. 我想要知道的是，为什么能量不像物质那样是由分子与原子组成的。因此D是正确选择。尽管that也可引导主语从句，但不能在主语从句中做成分，所以B与 C错误。关系代词what不能用来引导定语从问，所以A也不正确。
2. C【句意】尽管我们想要帮助她，Sara却拒绝了。
【解析】for在这里意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于 in spite of，notwithstanding，如：For all his efforts，he didn't succeed．虽然他尽了力，但还是没有成功。at，in 与 on则没有这种意义与用法。
3. D【句意】尽管存在很多困难，她还是自己完成了这项工作。
【解析】despite意为“尽管，不顾”，如： He came to the meeting despite his serious illness. 他尽管病得很厉害，还是来参加了会议。in spite要与of连用，意思与 despite相同，如上句可改为： He came to the meeting in spite of his serious illness. as for意为“至于……，就……而言”，如：As for this kind of rare metal, it will be further studied．至于这种稀有金属，要做进一步的研究。besides意为“除……之外”，如。Besides English he can speak French and German．除了英语他还会说法语与德语。由此可见只有D为正确答案。
4. B【句意】尽管在这个时间出版，他的作品还是受到了关注。
【解析】本题考查的是as引导的让步状语从句．动词publish动作的对象是从句的主语，所以需要用过去分词与was构成被动语态，如：Thoroughly cleaned as it was, the room didn't look tidy. 房间虽然给彻底打扫了，但看起来并不整洁。选项A是现在分词的被动式，表示该动作正在进行或与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，如；Being earnestly invited to dinner, she couldn't very well refuse. 有人热情邀请她参加宴会，她不好意思拒绝．选项C是现在分词的主动形式，选项D是动词不定式，而不定式做状话一般表示动作的目的，一般是将要发生的动作。由此可见，只有B是正确答案，而A，C与D旨不正确。
5. D【句意】在后天我们走之前他们可以赶过来的，我们会举行一次晚宴。
【解析】本句是一个虚拟条件句，主句的谓语用的是“should + 动词原形”，表示与现在事实相反或与将来事实可能相反。根据句子结构可以看出，从句部分是倒装句，省略了连接词if，由于句子中的时间状语是the day after tomorrow，所以从句动词应该用与将来事实可能相反的虚拟语气，即“should（were to）+ 动词原形”，如：Were they to act like that again，we should criticize them severely．要是他们再那样做，我们就要严厉地批评他们。由此可见，D是正确答案．
6. C【句意】并不是所有的书她都感兴趣，尽管阅读是她的乐趣。她喜欢读文学类的书，而不是政经类的书。
【解析】all，both，every，always，often，entirely，wholly，altogether等词的否定形式一般表示部分否定，如：All is not gold that glitters. 发光的未必全是金子。又如：Every force does not always produce movement．力并非总产生运动。
7. A【句意】与古典音乐追随欧洲传统相反，爵士乐是一种自然与自由的表达方式。
【解析】in contrast to意为“同……相对照或相对比，与……相反”，比较的是两者之间的差异，如：In contrast to the China of pre-liberation days, China of today is strong and powerful. 与解放前的中国相对比，今日的中国强大而有力。 in connection with意为“与……有关系，关于”，如： In connection with your request of March 18th，we are sorry to tell you your goods can not be shipped right now．关于你 3月 18日信中提出）的要来，我们很抱歉你的货物不能马上装船。in comparison with意为“与……比较起来”，既可以比较相同点也可以比较不同点，如：The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with those of New York．伦敦最高的楼房同纽约的比起来仍然很低。 in regard to做“关于”讲，如：In regard to the other matter，we have not yet discussed it fully. 关于其他事情，我们还没有充分讨论。
8. B【句意】城邦之间不断的冲突导致了希腊文明最终的衰落。
【解析】continual意为“经常不断的，常常的（中间可能有间隔）”，如：Continual smoking is bad to one's health．经常抽烟有害身体健康。continuous 指连续不断而且绝对不中断，如: The continuous work made me completely exhausted. 不间断的工作使我筋疲力尽。constant可用来指习惯性的重复，如：Constant practice will make you overcome difficulties．经常训练会使你克服困难。 contrary作“相反的”讲，如： Any contrary policy is absolutely wrong. 任何相反的政策都是绝对错误的。
9. A【句意】用传统的墨水印刷大约需要三十美分，而防摩擦的墨水至少要贵十美分。
【解析】furthermore（此外，而且），meanwhile（同时）与moreover（再者，此外）均是副词，都不能引导从句。只有while是连词，意为“虽然”，含有让步之意，可以引导从句，如：While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 虽然我承认这些问题很难，但我不认为它们不能解决。
10. A【句意】对这条建议，大家有些话要说。
【解析】“There is something (nothing, little, plenty) to be said for …”是一个句型，意为“……有一定（没有，几乎没有，很有）道理”，如：There is something to be said for both sides of the issue. 看起来争论的双方都有一定道理。
11. C【句意】如果没有你的帮助，我们不会克服那些困难。
【解析】根据句子结构，我们可以看出逗号后面是使用了虚拟语气的主句，因此，须填入表示与过去情况相反的虚拟条件句，“if it were not for …”这一结构表示同现在事实相反的假设，意为“如果不是……”，例如：If it weren't for his wife's money, he'd never be a director.”如果不是他妻子有钱，他永远不会成为一名董事。If it were not for his help, I would never study here．如果没有他的帮助，我永远不会在这儿学习。因此，BIf it were not 错误。“if it had not been for …”的倒装形式为“had it not been for …”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为“如果当时没有……”，主句谓语形式是“would ＋ have done”，例如：If it had not been for Dr. Li, he would have died of smallpox. 如果当初不是李医生的话，他已死于天花了。Had it not been for his carelessness, the project wouldn't have failed. 当时如果不是他粗心的话，这项工程不会失败。因此，C. Had it not been正确，A. Had it not错误（如果后跟been，就是正确的了），D. If we had not been无此结构。
12. A【句意】可能他听说了这条消息。
【解析】“(The) chances are (that)”常用于口语中，意为“很可能”，如：The chances are that he is staying at home. 他很可能呆在家里。
13. C【句意】尽管他知识渊博，也受过教育，但本质上比较愚蠢。
【解析】for all意为“尽管，虽然”，如：For all you say, I still like him. 尽管你这样说，我还是喜欢他。but for作“要不是，若非”讲，如：But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. 要不是下雨，我们就会去做一次很愉快的旅行了。according to意为“依照，根据”。thanks to则做“幸亏，由于”讲，如：Thanks to your help, we were successful. 由于你的帮忙，我们得以成功。
14. A【句意】一从日本回来，李教授直接去了实验室，开始与同事们一起工作。
【解析】“upon (on) + 表示行为的名词”相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
15. C【句意】就我来说，其他的安排可能更好。
【解析】“as far as … be concerned”是固定搭配，意为“就……来说，就……而论”，如：It is impossible as far as we are concerned. 对于我们来说，这是不可能的。so far意为“迄今为止”，如：The weather has been hot so far this summer. 到目前为止，今年夏天天气一直很热。as for意为“至于……”，后跟名词或代词，不可跟从句。如：As for my past, I'm not telling you anything. 至于我的历史，我什么都不会告诉你。so far from意为“非但不” ，如：So far from taking my advice, he went and did just what I warned him against. 他非但不接受我的劝告，反而去干了我告诫他别干的事。
16. B【句意】我一见到你，我知道你还在生我的气。
【解析】for a moment意为“一会儿”，in a moment做“立即，立刻”解，两者均可作时间状语。the moment相当于as soon as，起连接作用，引导时间状语从句，如：The moment she saw it, she recognized the type of the machine. 她一看就认出了这台机器的型号。
17. A【句意】政府的腐败通过新闻界揭露了出来。
【解析】corruption意为“腐化，腐败”，如。Corruption among the officials was another cause for discontent. 官员腐化是引起不满的又一原因。cosmetic意为“化妆品”，如：Mother has a special cosmetic bag for keeping her cosmetics in. 母亲有一只专门放化妆品的化妆袋。cottage意为“小屋，别墅”，如：They have a summer cottage. 他们有处避暑别墅。costume意为“服装，戏装”，如：He was dressed in ceremonial costume. 他身穿礼服。
18. C【句意】当他在黑暗中行走的时候，他的头碰到了墙。
【解析】由于walk与主句主语his head没有任何逻辑关系，因此在这里不能使用walk的非谓语形式，也不能使用“while + -ing”形式做状语，否则就形成了悬垂结构。在这种情况下，到们只好使用when引导的状语从句，所以C正确。
19. D【句意】聋是一个用来形容部分或者全部丧失听力的术语。
【解析】根据句子的结构我们可以看出，该处应为主语，而四个选项中可以做主语的只有deafness，因此D为正确答案。
20. C【句意】众所周知，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
【解析】根据句子结构我们可以看出，前面的句子是非限制性定语从句，四个选项中 A与 D不能引导此类从句，故应排除。Which引导的此类从句必须置于主句之后，因此B也不正确。as可以做关系词，做“正如…… 那样；如同……那样”讲，用来引导非限制性定语从句，这时，as指代整个主句，既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，后一种情况往往被看做插入语，例如：As is known to us all, contributions to computer technology are no longer confined to any one country．大家都知道，对计算机技术做出贡献的，已经不像过去那样仅是某一个国家了。He did it on purpose，as is often the case．这是他故意干的，情况通常是这样。As we know, water is necessary for the existence of all forms of life. 我们知道，水对于切生物的生存是必不可少的。有些考生误选了it，他们错误地认为it做形式主语，后面的Mark Twain is a great American writer做真正的主语。如将句中的逗号省略掉，并代之以that，那么选it就是正确的了。
21. D【句意】太阳是星系的中心，而不是地球，在中世纪这是一个难以理解的概念。
【解析】根据句子结构我们可以看出。在was前面是一个主语从句，而主语从句必须有引导词。但A，B与C中都没有引导词，因此三个均错。D中that引导主语从句，在句中不做任何成分，只起引导词的作用，因而D是正确答案，如。That he will refuse the offer is unlikely．他拒绝这项建议的可能性不大。
22. A【句意】信不信由你，他的发现在科技界引起了震动。
【解析】believe it or not是习惯用语，常用于口语中，意为“信不信由你，我说的是真的”。如：Believe it or not，he was granted a full scholarship by Harvard University.信不信由你，哈佛大学给他提供了全额奖学金。Believe it or not，I'm feeling quite homesick．我很想家，我说的是真话。
23. C【句意】世界上有数百万种物质。
【解析】million一词做数词时不加s，如：There are two million people in that city．那座市有200万人。另外，B中的that易使人认为它要引导一个名词性从句，而且million后加s时，要与of连用，D中it is不表示“存在”之意。因此B与D错误。在there be结构中，谓语动词要与与之最近的主语在数上保持一致。句中的kinds是复数，要求其谓语动词也用复数形式。因此A错误而C正确。
24. C【句意】虽然人类现在可以创造出各种放射性元素，但是他们没有办法来减少其放射性。
【解析】while除了引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导让步状语从句，做“尽管，虽然”讲，有着强烈的对比意味，例如； While I admit his good points I can see his bad ones．虽然我承认他的优点，但我也能看得出他的缺点。whether引导让步状语从句时，通常与or连用，意为“不管……还是……”，例如。 Whether you can see the moon or not，it is always round．不管你看见与否，月亮总是圆的。 now that 意为“既然…… ”，引导条件状语从句，从句内容是既成的事实，例如： Now that you will come here，I needn't go there．既然你要来，我就没必要到那儿去了。as也可以引导让步状语从句，但是该从句一般置于主句之前，且从句内容必须倒装，例如。 Much as he likes her，he does get irritated with her sometimes．尽管他喜欢她，可有时他确实也对她发火。Try as he would，he could not lift the rock．虽然他尽力了，但仍不能搬动那块石头。
25. C【句意】对我来说，我认为一本英汉字典要比一本全英字典要好。
【解析】as for做“对……来说，就……而言”讲，如： As for her，she prefers tea to coffee．至于她, 则更喜欢茶而不是咖啡。as（so）far as意为“就……所……”如：As far as I know，there are no peaches on the market．就我所知，市场上没有桃子。as far不做为固定短语用。as regard也不做为固定短语用，坦as regards是固定短语，意思是“至于”，如：Now，as regards money，what is to be done？至于钱的问题，该怎么办？
26. C【句意】我一回来就了解到史密斯教授已经到了博物馆，几个小时不会回来。
【解析】on用来指时间，表示“在……之时”，相当于at the same time of，后跟动名词或表示动作的名词，如： On his arrival in Qingdao he set to work in earnest一到青岛他就认真地干了起来。而at，with与during 则没有这种用法。
27. D【句意】摆脱了冰的束缚，气球越升越高，飘到了南方。
【解析】根据句于结构我们可以看出，该处应使用分词短语，表示原因，因此A与B应予以排除。又因为free与balloon具有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以 C也可以排除。此处使用过去分词表示动作的被动与完成，如：Influenced by his example，they performed countless good deeds．在他事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事．
28. C【句意】曾经，曼彻斯特是世界上几个大棉厂的诞生地。
【解析】at one time意为“曾经，一度”。如：At one time the little girl formed the habit of visiting Einstein after school every day。有一段时间，那个小女孩养成了个习惯，每天放学后都去看望爱因斯坦。选项A，B与D都不能与one time构成短语，故只有C正确。
29. A【句意】直到最近，英国的大部分已婚妇女还没有离家工作。
【解析】before，from与since与quite recently连用，不符合语法；before quite recently一般要与过去完成时连用；from（since）quite recently一般要与现在完成进行时连用。until用在否定句中表示“直到……才”之意，如：It was not until the beginning of the century that man began to realize that it was the brain not the heart that was the center of mind．直到本世纪初，人们才逐渐认识到是大脑