高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题课件省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件.pptx

Reading is everything!1/23英语考试纲领英语考试纲领 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于普通要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于普通性话题简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并性话题简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1 1）了解主旨和要义）了解主旨和要义（2 2）了解文中详细信息）了解文中详细信息（3 3）依据上下文推断生词词义）依据上下文推断生词词义（4 4）作出判断和推理）作出判断和推理（5 5）了解文章基本结构）了解文章基本结构（6 6）了解作者意图、观点和态度）了解作者意图、观点和态度英语学科阅读了解高考说明英语学科阅读了解高考说明主旨大意题主旨大意题（1 1）了解主旨和要义）了解主旨和要义2/23掌握主旨大意题解题策略掌握主旨大意题解题策略学习任务学习任务3/23了解主旨大意题设题方式了解主旨大意题设题方式学习任务一学习任务一4/231)主题类主题类The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements is the main idea of the passage?2)目标类目标类The passage is meant/intended to The purpose of this article is to 3)标题类标题类The best title of the passage is 5/23利用主题句，快速把握段落、文章大利用主题句，快速把握段落、文章大意，是做好主旨大意题主要技巧。意，是做好主旨大意题主要技巧。学习任务二学习任务二掌握定位主题句方法掌握定位主题句方法6/23LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLung Cancer Organization.Sample11 1、段段 首首 开开门门见见山山，点点出出主主题题。语语篇篇结结构构为为：点出主题 围绕主题 展开陈说、论证或说明_7/23Sample 2 Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocratic(民主民主)discussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedesignedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2 2）段尾段尾详细论证，总结陈词。详细论证，总结陈词。语篇结构为：表述细节语篇结构为：表述细节概括主题概括主题 （归纳关键点、得出结论、提出提（归纳关键点、得出结论、提出提议）议）_8/23 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3 3）段中段中引题过渡，导出主题。引题过渡，导出主题。语篇结构为语篇结构为:“引题引题主题思想主题思想解解释释”或或“提问提问-回答回答解释解释”。Sample3_9/23 4 4）首尾首尾首尾呼应，衬托主题首尾呼应，衬托主题 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease illness,cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?语篇结构为语篇结构为:提出主题提出主题展开叙述或说明展开叙述或说明深入引申或发展主题深入引申或发展主题10/23主题句位置主题句位置1 1、段、段(文文)首首开门见山，点出主题；开门见山，点出主题；2 2、段、段(文文)尾尾详细论证，总结陈词；详细论证，总结陈词；3 3、段、段(文文)中中引题过渡，导出主题引题过渡，导出主题;4 4、段、段(文文)首尾首尾首尾呼应，衬托主题；首尾呼应，衬托主题；11/23学习任务三学习任务三以该主题句中以该主题句中“话题话题”为关键，为关键，把解释性词按一定语法把解释性词按一定语法浓缩浓缩为概括为概括主题句句意或中心思想词组或短句。主题句句意或中心思想词组或短句。掌握提炼主题句方法掌握提炼主题句方法 12/23Sample 某一文章主题句为：An advertising slogan is to a brand what eyes are to a person.该主题句话题是该主题句话题是：解释性词：解释性词：由此确定标题为：由此确定标题为：sloganistoabrandwhateyesaretoapersonSloganAndBrand.13/23 Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.The best title for the passage should be _.A.Ways of making coffee B.Coffee around the world C.Advice on buying coffee D.Benefits of drinking coffee解题分析解题分析：该主题句话题是该主题句话题是：解释性词：解释性词：标题：标题：【Practice1】Thetopicsentenceofapassage：isauniversaldrinkthatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld.Coffee14/23 (山东山东)Areyoulazyaboutbrushingyourteeth?Neverfear:Aninventorisonthecase.Anelectrictoothbrush(inventedbyServal)senseshowlongandhowwellyoubrushServalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes,”butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.HowServalfoundouthiskidsliedtohim.B.Whatsthemostimportantinvention.C.HowServaltaughthiskidstobrushtheirteeth.D.WhatinspiredServaltoinventthetoothbrush【Practice2】_15/23 On the satellite designed by Dana,there is a radar system that would scan for and find a piece of space junk.Then,thrusters(推进器)would change the satellites orbit so that it could chase down the object.As the satellite got close to the junk,cameras would keep it on target.At the last minute,a door that leads to a bulletproof(防弹)container would open,and then get the junk swallowed.Finally,when the trash container was full,it would be lowered toward Earth on a kilometers-long cable and its contents released into the upper atmosphere,where the space junk would harmlessly burn up.Whatisthisparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howspacetrashcouldbeused.B.HowDanadesignedhersatellite.C.Howthesatellitewouldwork.D.Howthesatellitewouldbecreated.16/23归纳无主题段或主题句材料方法归纳无主题段或主题句材料方法 学习任务四学习任务四读懂各段落或各句主要讲了那几读懂各段落或各句主要讲了那几方面内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联方面内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联络，然后加以分析、归纳、推理络，然后加以分析、归纳、推理，形，形成主题。成主题。17/23【Practice3】Thebesttitleforthisarticleis_.A.AstonishingMedicineB.FarmerLosesArmC.DangerousBitesD.SnakeDoctor以偏概全以偏概全画蛇添足画蛇添足帽子太大帽子太大18/23学习任务五：学习任务五：主旨大意题选项特点主旨大意题选项特点干扰项特点干扰项特点1.1.画蛇添足画蛇添足:即文中根本没有提到，把自己观点强即文中根本没有提到，把自己观点强加给作者以充当主题，或在文中找不到语言依加给作者以充当主题，或在文中找不到语言依据信息据信息。2.2.帽子太大帽子太大:即选择主题过于笼统，与细节脱节或即选择主题过于笼统，与细节脱节或文章缺乏充分论证。文章缺乏充分论证。3.3.以偏概全以偏概全:即只抓住了主题一个侧面或一句没有即只抓住了主题一个侧面或一句没有展开叙述句子而误认为是主题展开叙述句子而误认为是主题。正确选项特点正确选项特点：不出现细节信息，不含过分必定不出现细节信息，不含过分必定或绝对意义词或绝对意义词;概括全文概括全文,内容全方面内容全方面,含义深刻含义深刻,贴切准确。贴切准确。19/23 Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Waysofexperimentingonsmoking.B.InformationaboutsmokingC.Smokingresultingincancer.D.Sideeffectsofsmoking.以偏概全以偏概全帽子太大帽子太大画蛇添足画蛇添足【Practice4】20/23归纳小结归纳小结一、主旨大意题设题方式一、主旨大意题设题方式 1.1.主题类 2.目标类 3.标题类二、定位主题句方法二、定位主题句方法 1 1.段(文)首 2.段(文)尾 3.段(文)中 4.段(文)首尾 三、提炼主题句方法三、提炼主题句方法 以该主题句中“话题”为关键，把解释性词按一定语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想词组或短句。四、归纳无主题段或主题句材料方法四、归纳无主题段或主题句材料方法 读懂各段落、各句主要讲了那几方面内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联络，然后加以分析、归纳、推理，形成主题。五、主旨大意题选项特点五、主旨大意题选项特点21/23巩固练习巩固练习步步高步步高P92-96P92-96 22/2323/23