中英政府机构对比.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,China,Britain,VS,Britain,VS,China,Form of Government,政体,Legislative Branch,立法机构,Executive Branch,行政机构,Judicial Branch,司法机构,.F,orm of,G,overnment,政体,1.Elizabeth II,her title in the United Kingdom is“Elizabeth the Second,by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories,Queen,Head of the Commonwealth,Defender of the Faith.,伊莉莎白二世，她的全称是“上帝神佑，大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国以及她的其他领土和领地的女王，英联邦元首，国教保护者伊莉莎白二世。”,The Constitutional Monarchy 君主,立宪,制,2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation.In law,She is head of the executive,an integral part of the legislature,head of the judiciary,the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the“supreme governor”of the Church of England.She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament,.,A,女王是国家的象征。从法律上讲，她是行政首脑，立法机构的组成部分，司法首脑，全国武装部队总司令,。,B,A,3.The monarch actually has no real power.The monarchs power are limited by law and Parliament.Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.,B,君主政体实际已无实权。它的权力受限于法律和议会。君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。,Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipisicing elit,sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.Ut enim ad minim veniam,quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.,T,he,S,ystem of,P,eoples,C,ongress,人民代表大会制度,The,system of p,eoples congress is the form of political organization of the Chinese peoples democratic dictatorship.It is the fundamental political system of China.,人民代表大会制度是中国人民民主专政的政权组织形式，是中国的根本政治制度。,A,All power in the Peoples Republic of China belongs to the people.People exercise state power are the National Peoples Congress and local peoples congresses.,The National Peoples Congress and local peoples congresses are elected by people democratically,.,Responsible to the people,by the peoples supervision.,B,中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人民。人民行使国家权力的机关是全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会。,全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会都由民主选举产生，对人民负责，受人民监督。,.,Legislative Branch,立法机构,Parliament议会,1.The United Kingdom is a unitary,not a federal,state.Parliament consists of the Sovereign,the House of Lords and the House of Commons.,英国是中央集权国家，而不是联邦制国家。议会由君主，上议院和下议院组成。,威斯敏斯特宫,New Palace of Westminster,英国议会大厦,2.The main functions of Parliamentnt,(1)to pass laws;,(2)to provide,by voting for taxation,the means of carrying on the work of government;,(3)to examine government Policy and administrations,including proposal for expenditure;,(4),to debate the major issues of the day.,议会的主要作用是：,（,1,）通过立法；,（,2,）投票批准税为政府工作提供资金；,（,3,）检查政府政策和行政管理，包括拨款提议；,（,4,）当天的议题辩论。,The House of Lords(,上议院）,The House of Lords is made up of the Lords Spiritual,including archbishops and prominent bishops,and the Lords Temporal,including hereditary peers and life peers.,贵族院（上议院）由上议院神职议员和世俗议员组成。,The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking.In other words,the non-elected House is to act as a chamber of revision,complementing but not rivaling the elect House.,上议院,的主要作用是用议员的丰富经验帮助立法。换而言之，非选举的上议院是修正议院，补充而非反对由选举产生的下议院。,1,2,The House of Common is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 646 Members of Parliament(MPs).It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority.The party which holds the majority of seats in the House of Commons form the government,its leader acting as the Prime Minister.,下议院（平民院）由成人普选产生，由646名议员组成。下议院拥有最终立法权。,The House of Common（下议院）,National Peoples Congress,全国人民代表大会,National Peoples Congress,is the highest state body and the only legislative house in the,Peoples Republic of China,.The National Peoples Congress is held in the,Great Hall of the People,(,人民大会堂,),Beijing,capital of the Peoples Republic of China.The NPC gathers each year along with the,Chinese,Peoples Political Consultative Conference,(,中国人民政治协商会议,)whose members represent various defined groups of society.NPC and CPPCC together are often called the,Lianghui,(,两会,Two Meetings),making important national level political decisions.,全国人民代表大会,全国人民代表大会是最高国家机关以及中华人民共和国唯一立法机构。全国人民代表大会在,中华人民共和国的首都,北京的,人民大会堂举行。全国人大每年聚集的中国人民政治协商会议成员代表社会的各阶层。人大和政协通常被称为两会,决策,重要的国家政治事件。,The main functions of,National Peoples Congress,全国人民代表大会的主要职权,(1)legislative power.,立法权,(2)power of appointment and removal,任免权,(3)power to make decisions,决定权,(4),power of,supervision,监督权,*,.,Executive Branch,行政机构,1.The Prime Minister presides over,the Cabinet,is responsible for the allocation of functions among ministers and informs the Queen at regular meetings of general business of the Government.Cabinet members hold meetings under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister for a few hours each week to decide Government policy on major issues.,首相主持内阁，负责分配大臣们的职能，在定期会见女王时向女王报告政府事务。内阁在首相的主持下，每周开会几小时，以决定在重大问题上政府的政策,。,The Cabinet,(,内阁）,David Cameron,内阁的所有决定由大臣集体向议会负责，各大臣又为各自部门的工作向议会负责。,2.Ministers are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions;individual Ministers are responsible to Parliament for the work of their department.,the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China,中华人民共和国国务院,The state council of the Peoples Republic of China,namely the central peoples government,It,is the highest organ of state power of the enforcement authorities,and,the highest state administrative organ,.,中华人民共和国国务院，即中央人民政府，是最高国家权力机关的执行机关，是最高国家行政机关。,The State Council is composed by the Prime Minister,ministers,vice premiers,state councilors,commissions,the Auditor-General,the Secretary-General,the prime minister takes responsibility for the state council.,The Secretary-General of the State Council under the leadership of the Prime Minister is responsible for the daily work of the State Council.,The State Council and National Peoples Congress is responsible for reporting.,国务院由总理、副总理、国务委员、各部部长、各委员会主任、审计长、国务院秘书长组成，国务院实行总理负责制。,国务院秘书长在总理领导下，负责处理国务院的日常工作。,国务院对全国人民代表大会负责并报告工作,。,.,Judicial Branch,司法机构,Ministry of Justice英国司法部,Ministry of Justice is a,branch of,British government,It,was established on May 9,2007,It,merge,d,the constitutional affairs(previously called the Ministry of Justice)and the interior responsible for England and wales criminal Justice policy,judgment,parole,prison and prevent the back part of the crime,of t,he Ministry,.The department is located at,N,o.102 of Westminster little French.,司法部是英国一个政府部门，成立于2007年5月9日，合并了宪法事务部(过去被称为大法官部)和内政部负责英格兰和威尔士的刑事司法政策、判决政策、假释、监狱和防止重新犯罪的部分。该部位于伦敦威斯敏斯特小法兰西102号,。,The judicial branch of the British government is rather complicated in that England and Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland all have their own legal systems,with minor differences in law,organization and practice.,The judicial system is disunity,.,。,英格兰和威尔士,的司法部门是相当复杂的,苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有自己的法律体系,二者的法律体系相似，只在法律、,组织、和实践,上有细微的差别。,司法系统不统一,。,Criminal cases,（刑事案件）,:,The Magistrates Court（,治安,法院）,The Crown Court(刑事法庭),The High Court(高等法庭),The Court of Appeal（上诉法院）,The Supreme Court(最高法院),Civil cases(,民事案件）,:,The Magistrates Court,The County Court(郡法院),The High Court,The Court of Appeal,Different types of cases are dealt with in specific courts.,In British criminal trials,the accused is presumed innocent until proven guilty.Trials are in open court and the accused is represented by a lawyer.Most cases are tried without a jury.More serious cases are tried in higher courts before a jury of 12(15 in Scotland),which decides whether the accused is innocent or guilty.,在英国刑事审判,中,如果不能证明有罪那么被告无罪,。,审判,是在公开法庭,中进行，被告有一名代理律师,。大多数情况下,都,没有陪审团。,在,高等法院,中，,更严重的案子会有由,12,人构成的陪审团（在苏格兰是,15,人），,决定是否被告无罪或有罪,。,Criminal trials,英国刑事审判,The Supreme Peoples Court,最高人民法院,The Supreme Peoples Court,is,appointed by the National Peoples Congress,It,sits as the highest court of appeal for civil or criminal cases.,Role,:to interpret the Constitution,;,monitor the Federal government,;,ensure the supreme unbiased justice is protected in the Federal Republic of the Chinese Nations.,由全国人民代表大会任命,作为民事或刑事案件的最高上诉法院。,角色:解释宪法,联邦政府监控,确保最高的正义是中国联邦共和国的国家保护。,The types of the peoples courts人民法院的种类,The,Basic Peoples Court,基层人民法院,The,Intermediate Peoples Court,中级人民法院,The,Higher Peoples Court,高级人民法院,The,Supreme Peoples Court,最高人民法院,Executive Branch,Legislative Branch,Judicial Branch,The State Council,National PeoplesCongress,Ministry of Justice,Parliament,The Supreme Peoples Court,The Cabinet,The Constitutional Monarchy,T,he,S,ystem of,P,eoples,C,ongress,VS,Britain,China,Form of Government,环科,1401,芦漪,于浡,沈晶晶,THANK YOU,