模具设计与制造专业英语-第二版-Lesson-1.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit One,Lesson1 Tool Materials,教学目标及要求,1.,掌握课文中有关工具钢方面的专业词汇和专业术语；,2.,结合工具钢的相关专业知识阅读课文，提高翻译能力。,重点,1.,工具钢的专业词汇和专业术语；,2.,翻译课文：工具材料种类词汇；,金属材料的物理、力学性能词汇。,难句分析及翻译的基础知识,Part,（,）翻译的基础知识简介,一、什么是翻译？,1,教学思路设计,时间分配（共,100min,）：,1.,讲解课文中的专业词汇和术语；,2.,讲解课后生词、大声朗读；,3.,翻译课文，注意穿插相关专业知识；,4.,分析难点句型，讲解翻译的基础知识；,5.,学生答疑。,2,Contents,Background Knowledge,New Words and Phrased,Questions,Glossary of Terms,Text Analysis,Language Points&Translating Techniques,Reading Materials,Summary,References,3,工具钢,工具钢是用以制造切削刀具、量具、模具和耐磨工具的钢种。工具钢具有较高的硬度和在高温下能保持高硬度、红硬性，以及高的耐磨性和适当的韧性。工具钢一般分为碳素工具钢、合金工具钢和高速工具钢三种。,carbon tool steels,Tool steels alloy tool steels,high speed tool steels,Background Knowledge,4,New Words and Expressions,Terms,：,1.Metal,：金属,iron,铁,steel,钢,aluminum,铝,magnesium,镁,zinc,锌,bismuth,铋,copper,铜,lead,铅,2.Non-metal,：非金属,wood,木材,plastics,塑料,rubber,橡胶,ceramics,陶瓷材料,diamond,金刚石,epoxy resin,环氧树脂,5,New Words and Expressions,3.Characateristics,：性能,/,特性,strength,强度,hardness,硬度,toughness,韧性,brittleness,脆性,plasticity,塑性,/,可塑性,ductility,可锻性,malleability,可延压性,6,New Words and Expressions,elasticity,弹性,wear resistance,耐磨性,dimensional stability,尺寸稳定性,thermal conductivity,导热性,electrical conductivity,导电性,rate of thermal expansion,热膨胀率,melting point,熔点,moldulus of elasticity,弹性模量,7,Text,The Three Major Categories of Tool Materials:,Ferrous tool materials have iron as a base metal and include tool steel,alloy steel,carbon steel,and cast iron.,Nonferrous materials have a base metal other than iron and include aluminum,magnesium,zinc,lead,bismuth,copper,and a variety of alloys.,Nonmetallic materials are those materials such as woods,plastics,rubbers,epoxy resins,ceramics,and diamonds that do not have a metallic base.,8,Text,Physical And Mechanical Properties of a Material:,Physical properties,are those properties which are natural in the material and cannot be permanently altered without changing the material itself.,Include:,weight,color,thermal and electrical conductivity,rate of thermal expansion,and melting point.,The,mechanical properties,of a material are those properties which can be permanently altered by thermal or mechanical treatment.,Include:,strength,hardness,wear resistance,toughness,brittleness,plasticity,ductility,malleability,and modulus of elasticity.,力学性能,物理性能,9,Questions,What is meant by the term,“,physical properties of a material,”,?,What are the mechanical properties of a material,What makes a material either ferrous or nonferrous?,What are some applications of tool steels?,10,Glossary of Terms,1,carbide tool,硬质合金刀具,2,alloy tool steel,合金工具钢,3,alloy cast iron,合金铸铁,4,carbon steel,碳素钢,5,carbon tool steel,碳素工具钢,6,cast iron,铸铁,7,cast steel,铸钢,8,die block steel,模具钢,9,die material,模具材料,10,free cutting steel,易切削钢,11,11,high alloy steel,高合金钢,12,high carbon steel,高碳钢,13,low alloy steel,低合金钢,14,low carbon steel,低碳钢,15,shock resistant tool steel,抗冲击工具钢,16,cold work tool,（,die,）,steel,冷作工具（模具）钢,17,hot work tool,（,die,）,steel,热作工具（模具）钢,18,nodular graphite iron,球墨铸铁,19,malleable cast iron,可锻铸铁,20,mottled cast iron,麻口铸铁,12,Reading Materials,Carbon Steels,Carbon steels are used extensively in tool construction.Carbon steels are those steels which only contain iron and carbon,and small amounts of other alloying elements.Carbon steels are the most common and least expensive type of steel used for tools.,13,Carbon Steels,The three principal types of carbon steels used for tooling are low carbon,medium carbon,and high carbon steels.,Low carbon steel contains carbon between 0.05%and 0.3%.,Medium carbon steel contains carbon between 0.3%and 0.7%.And,high carbon steel contains carbon between 0.7%and 1.5%.,As the carbon content is increased in carbon steel,the strength,toughness,and hardness are also increased when the metal is heat treated.,14,Low carbon steels are soft,tough steels that are easily machined and welded.Due to their low carbon content,these steels cannot be hardened except by case hardening.Low carbon steels are well suited for the following applications:tool bodies,handles,die shoes,and similar situations where strength and wear resistance are not required.,Medium carbon steels are used where greater strength and toughness is required.Since medium carbon steels have a higher carbon content,they can be heat treated to make parts such as studs,pins,axles,and nuts.Steels in this group are more expensive as well as more difficult to machine and weld than low carbon steels.,15,High carbon steels are the most hardenable type of carbon steel and are used frequently for parts where wear resistance is an important factor.Other applications where high carbon steels are well suited include drill bushings,locators,and wear pads.Since the carbon content of these steels is so high,parts made from high carbon steel are normally difficult to machine and weld.,16,Alloy Steels,Alloy steels are basically carbon steels with additional elements added to alter the characteristics and bring about a predictable change in the mechanical properties of the alloyed metal.Alloy steels are not normally used for most tools due to their increased cost,but some have been found favor for special applications.The alloying elements used most often in steels are manganese,nickel,molybdenum and chromium.,Another type of alloy steel frequently used for tooling applications is stainless steel.Stainless steel is a term used to describe high chromium and nickelchromium steels.These steels are used for tools which must resist high temperatures and corrosive atmospheres.,17,Die Steels,The die material is relevant directly to the die life as well as die cost.Recently,the commonly used die steel for cold blanking is as follows:,The carbon tool steel T8A,T10A,T12A are the cheapest and the most widely used.Its hardness after annealing is lower than that of the alloy steel.It has good machining property,and the process of forging,annealing and quenching is easy to be mastered.It is suitable to manufacture the working parts of the blanking die with small size and simple shape.But its hardenability and abrasionresistant are bad,its quench distortion is large and its working life is short.,18,The low alloy tool steel,such as CrWMn,9CrSi,9Mn2V etc,can be quenched by oil,therefore it has a good hardenability and a small quench distortion.Comparing with T10A,9Mn2V has a higher hardness and abrasionresistance,and also has a good machining property.,19,Materials for manufacturing the die parts and their best heat treatment rules,20,Language Points&Translating Techniques,Example 1:,To properly select a tool material,there are several physical and mechanical properties you should understand to determine how the materials you select will affect the function and operation of the tool.,为了选择工具材料，你应当掌握材料的一些物理性能和力学性能，以便确定所选材料对工具的功能和操作会有何影响。,不定式,to properly select a tool material,放在句首用作目的状语；,you select,为定语从句修饰前面的,the materials,。,21,Example 2:,A great effort is made to keep porosity,segregation,impurities,and nonmetallic inclusions to as low a level as possible.,(,对于工具钢的冶炼,),，要最大限度地降低钢中的气孔、偏析、杂质以及非金属夹杂物的含量。,这里的,a great effort is made,是,make a great effort,的被动形式，意为,“,尽一切努力或尽量,“,。在科技英语中表示主语为,”,人们,“,的时候，一般使用被动结构或者用,one,做主语的主动句。,22,Example 3:,From a composition standpoint,tool steels are carbon alloy steels which are capable of being hardened and tempered,(,从化学组成来说，工具钢是能够被淬硬并能经过回火变韧的碳素合金钢。）,这里限定性定语从句,which are capable of being hardened and tempered,修饰先行词,carbon alloy steels,。,and,连接两个并列的一般式动名词被动结构，做,of,的宾语，,capable of being hardened and tempered,做主语补足语。）,23,Part,（,）翻译的基础知识简介,一、什么是翻译,翻译是各个不同民族之间进行沟通和交流的工具。翻译本身是一种语言活动，是利用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容重新表达出来。翻译与创作不同，翻译者不能任意地表达自己的思想，他只能准确而完整地传达原作的思想内容。,然而各民族之间由于文化背景的不同，生活习惯的差异，在语言的表达上也必然存在着千差万别。各有其特点，各有其规律。翻译即是通过不同语言的特点、规律的对比，找出相应的表达手段。,Example 4:,24,试看下面的例子：,Lathe sizes range from very little lathes with the length of the bed in several inches to very large ones turning a work many feet in length.,车床有大有小，小的床身只有几英寸长，大的能车削许多英尺长的工件。,我们把原文与译文对比，就会看到原文是一个较长的简单句，而译文却是三个短的单句。之所以有这样的差异，是因为英语在表达复杂概念时，习惯使用长句，而汉语则很少使用长句，一般都分成几个短句，层次分明，言简意赅。,从这个例句不难看出，翻译决不是简单地或原封不动地照搬原文的表达形式，而是有意识地选择与原文作用相等的语言手段来表达原意。从这个意义上讲，翻译是一种创造性的语言活动，是一种艺术。,25,Summary,掌握必须的专业单词（,New Words,）,掌握常用的专业术语（,Glossary of Terms),掌握基本的语法知识,掌握基本的翻译技巧,26,References,27,28,References,1.Donald R.Askeland Pradeep P.,Phule.Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering,M.Nelson,a division of Thomson Learning.2004,2.William.F.Smith.,Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys,M.New York.McGraw-Hill Book Company.1987,3.E.Paul De Garmo,J Temple.Black and Ronald A.Kohser.,Materials and Processes in Manufacturing,(Sixth Edition)M.New York.Macmillan Publishing Company.1984,4.,5.,29,