全新版大学英语综合教程4课后答案.doc

全新版大学英语综合教程4 习题答案
上海外语教育出版社

Unit 1
Part II Text A
lexf Organization
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.
Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia
Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union
Part Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.
2.
Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas
Section One Paras 12-13 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy
Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the war
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of
3) stroke 4) limp
5) minus 6) regions
7) declarations 8) siege
9) raw 10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.
4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.
II.More Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.
III. Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. invasion 2. stand in the way
3. Conquest 4. catching... off his guard
5. launching 6. declaration
7. campaign 8. drag on
9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt
(B)
1. allow 2. reckoned
3. highly 4. forecasts
5. rapidly 6. instant
7. delivery 8. advantage
9. observing 10. Powerful
II. Translation
1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.
2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.
3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.
4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.
5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a
gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.

Unit 2Text A
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin
12) approximately
2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on
5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into
3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features
2) …two trees ten feet apart
3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site
4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.
5) … are correlated in all racial groups
4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to
2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency
3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard
II. Word Formation
Clipped Words Blends
Kilo kilogram Medicare medical care
Memo memorandum email electronic mail
gym gymnasium comsat communications satellite
lib liberation newscast news broadcast
doc doctor skyjack sky hijack
vet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar
prep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunch
auto automobile telecast television broadcast
flu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and Cambridge
III. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1.
1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
2.
1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities
II. Translation
1．
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.
2.
Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today
the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.

Unit 3 Text A
Content questions
1. He runs a manufacturing company.
2. Almost all of them were no.
3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.
4. Prepare to win.
5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.
6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhand court.
7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.
8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.
9. His efforts to make a difference.
10.He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.
11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.
12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.
Text Organization
1.
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.
Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.
Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.
2.
Suggestions Examples
1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan
2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player
3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnam veteran.
4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) a New York cabdriver.
Language Sense Enhancement
1.
(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings
(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）hand-delivered
(9) prepared (10) prospective
Language Focus
I. 1.
1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
2.
1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
3.
1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace
3) will be in readers’ hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview.
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.
4.
1）applicants,veteran, the prospective
2）From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after
3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. behave 2. used to avoid repetition 3. Clean 4. get along
5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete 7. study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable
III. Usage
1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I’ll talk about myself first.
2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.
3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?
4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.
5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?
6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
1.
(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand
(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack
(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up
2.
(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples
(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously
(9) probably (10) exhibit
II. Translation
1.
1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.
2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.
3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.
4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.
5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.
2.
Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success.

Unit 4
Text A
Text rganization 1.

Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1-3
Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum
Part Two
Paras 4-5
Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culture
Part Three ppppPTThreeThree
Paras 6-8
History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects
Part Four
Paras. 9-11
Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces
2.

Main Events
1. Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.
2. Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice, not an accident of birth.
3. Davos Man believes that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology acro