英语语音语调练习有奇招.doc

英语语音语调练习有奇招
语音语调也是英文口语练习中的重点。我们知道，标准的发音并不能保证流利和悦耳的口语。完美的发音加上蹩脚的语调仍然是对听众耳朵的折磨。要知道英文单词，和汉字所不同，是没有声调的，所以一个单词例如people可以以四种甚至四种以上的音调来念，那么在一个特定的句子和语境中究竟怎么念呢？这就是语调的问题。
英文语调是一种感觉，它并没有什么标准型，虽然众所周知目前世界上两种语调比较流行：英国型和美国型（当然还有很多人口讲澳洲英语，印度英语，新加坡英语甚至中国式的英语）。
简单说来语调的学习需要一个环境。就拿北京来说，尽管北京已经成为一个大的人口流动城市，或者称之为移民城市，如果一个人来到了北京，四五个月过后，在不知不觉间原本很标准的普通话就很有可能带上了些许的京腔京调。为什么呢？因为周围的大多数人讲话都有点京片子，这就是环境嘛。
那么现在如果没有这个语言环境，也就是说不具备条件跑到英国或者美国去住那么一段时间该怎么办呢？答案也很简单：自己创造一个语言环境。其中一个很简单的方法就是看DVD，听电影对白，然后呢就充分发挥自己模仿的能力吧。试想，如果每天都是大量的好莱坞巨星或者Pop Stars天天对着你又哭又笑，又跳又唱，我想一点美国英语或者英国英语的味道都沾不上是根本都不可能的吧。
当然还有其他的方法。其中之一叫做“机器人”。在进行这种练习时需要以最慢的速度和最平的音调（就像机器人说话没有声调一样）一口气把一个句子读完。其实，这种方法不仅练习了音调，还练习了发音和讲英语的肺活量。
当练习者以最慢的速度读句子，也就是以最慢的速度读句子中的单词时，练习者会把单词中的每一个元音发的更饱满。只有当元音饱满时，单词念出来才标准，才好听。长期以来，练习者就会养成好的发音习惯，有助于提高发音的基础。
其次，以最平的声调练习的目的主要是去除练习者本身错误的音调。同时较平的音调也是美国南方各州口音的特点之一。在练习者去除了本身错误的音调并且适应了平调以后，就一定要结合“听”。无论是看DVD还是听电影对白还是什么其它的听力材料，一定要多听。如果要学美国音就多听美国电影，要学英国音就多听英国材料。这样，正如前面所提到的，在自己创造的语言环境当中就一定可以学好语音语调。
再来说说肺活量。中文的特点是一个汉字只有一个音节，词句中音节和音节没有任何联系。也就是说没有连读，失去爆破，略读，弱读等等。一句话例如“成功需要一个人不懈的努力”，可以很连贯的念下来，也可以一个字一个字的顿出来“成，功，需，要，一，个，人，不，懈，的，努，力”。这两者在表达上没有什么差异。然而英文的单词可以由一个音节甚至多达十几个音节构成，单词在句子中的连读，失去爆破，略读，弱读比比皆是。换句话来说，如果我们把讲中文比作打手枪，那么将英文就是打机关枪，“嘟嘟嘟嘟嘟嘟...”。这样以来，由于两种语言本身的发音构造不同，大多数人初学英文都感觉到念一个句子通常喘不过来气，还没有念完一个段落就累得不行要休息一下下，所以也就更提不上连贯了。所以解决的方法就要通过提高肺活量。在这个叫做“机器人”的联系中，练习者必须用最慢的速度并且一口气读完一个句子。虽然刚开始感到很难，但是伴随着练习量的不断增加和坚持，最终练习者会自然而然的加快语速和流利度，那时讲英文就像说汉语一样自然轻松了。

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ROOM RESERVATIONS
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Words
Polite extrovert careless innocent impolite aggressive friendly frank kind ambitious unfriendly honest energetic serious relaxed shy quiet noisy outgoing careful thoughtful curious funny stubborn arrogant reliable jealous sociable
Phrases
Look relaxed appear shy think of someone have a personality be considered pretend to be to be alike completely different.
Beginner
A: do you like Barry?
B: no, not very much. He’s too ambitious and dishonest.
A: I agree. I like his brother, Paul. They are not alike.
B: yes. They are completely different. Paul is very sociable and much more honest than his brother.
A: what kind of person do you consider yourself to be?
B: I think I’m polite, careful, relaxed and shy.
A: oh, I don’t think you’re shy! You are always chatting with new people when we go to a party.
B: well, yes, but those people always start talking to me. I never talk to them first. Perhaps I’m not as shy as I think. Anyway, you’re certainly not shy!
A: You’re right. I love going out and making new friends.
B: so, you’ll be at my birthday party on Friday?
A: Of course!

Intermediate
A: How do you think people get their personalities?
B: I think it’s mainly from the environment a person lives it.
A: Don’t you think people get their personalities from their parents?
B: no, but parents control a lot of the environment that kids grow up in, so they certainly influence their kid’s personalities a lot.
A: So why do you think many kids have personalities that are so different to their parents.
B: maybe when they become teenagers, they want to be completely different to their parents.
A: You might be right. I guess most parents want their kids to be like them, but kids today grow up in a different environment. You know, they know much more about the world from the internet, newspapers, and TV.
B: do you think that teenagers get a lot of their bad behavior from TV and movies?
A: Maybe some of it. I think a lot of people blame TV and movies when the real problem is that the parents aren’t bringing their child up correctly.
B: Parents have a difficult job. They have to bring up their children and usually have to work too.
A: Yes, that’s fine. Your son is doing well at school, isn’t he?
B: yes, he is. He’s very hard-working when he’s at school. Then he comes home from school and does homework before dinner. After dinner, he goes out with his friends.
A: So, he’s not a bookworm? It’s good that he has an outgoing personality. Some kids are very quiet and introverted. You wonder they’ll survive in the real world without their parents to support them.
People. I'm pretty uncomfortable right now because this is really my very first time speaking in front of a lot of people. But I thought I'm going to take the class, and then maybe, if I really get brave I might even try out for maybe a play, or [or] a musical ...I'm not a very good singer, [but] but I maybe would be a good actor. And, I think if I take the class, and maybe play some theater games and learn some lines and practice some scenes that maybe, maybe I would become good.