英语中加强语气的表现法.doc

英语中加强语气的表示法
语言是交际的工具，而语气的强弱通常又表示说话者的不同的含义和不同的侧重点。英语中加强语气的表现法多种多样。
英语中加强语气的最简单的形式就是重读想要加强语气的字眼儿，在书写中大都写成斜体或粗体或大写体，例如：
Ampere noticed that it was Not a blackboard and that it was the back of a carriage.
There is only one way of treating “men”----with the iron hand.
He always works hard at English.
用一个单纯的副词very, quite, terribly或形容词real, extreme, very等来加强语气在英语中极其普遍，不胜枚举,如：
This is the very book that I am looking for.
把only置于被加强语气的字眼儿前可用来加强语气，如对下句I saw Li Ping in the street yesterday可用only来强调每个成分，如：
Only I saw Li Ping in the street yesterday.
I only saw Li Ping in the street yesterday.
I saw only Li Ping in the street yesterday.
I saw Li Ping only in the street yesterday.
I saw Li Ping in the street only yesterday.
有时使用倒置也能起到加强语气的作用，如：
Only by changing the way can we save the earth.
Never have I realized that water is so precious.
At the top of the hill stands a big tree.
在语法上谓语动词的语气加强常采用助动词do/does/did或重叠的方法来表示，如：
Einstein did urge the United States to build an atomic bomb to defeat the Nazis, but when he saw the effect of the bomb, he regretted his actions.
Mary likes John very much and she does want to marry John.
Last month it rained and rained.
形容词、副词比较级和名词重叠也用来加强语气，如：
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
He made mistake after mistake.
They fought battle after battle.
“单数可数名词+after+同一单数可数名词”这种重叠的方法表示“很多，一个接一个”，用以加强语气，等于“one+单数可数名词+after + another”。因此：
He made mistake after mistake.=He made one mistake after another.(他一次又一次地犯错误。)
They fought battle after battle.=They fought one battle after another.(他们打了一仗又一仗。)
又如：They met with failure after failure, but they persisted, and finally succeeded.=They met with one failure after another, but they persisted, and finally succeeded.(他们一次又一次地失败，但仍然坚持，最后成功了。)
类似的词组还有：year after year=one year after another 年复一年地
month after month=one month after another 一个月一个月地
week after week=one week after another 一个星期接一个星期
defeat after defeat=one defeat after another 一个挫折接一个挫折
achievement after achievement=one achievement after another一个成就接一个成就
bus after bus=one bus after another 一辆接一辆公共汽车
time after time=one time after another 一次又一次地
这种结构一般可用作状语或宾语，如：
They did experiment after experiment and finally they succeeded. (作宾语)
I waited year after year, and no one came to my shop. (作状语)
形容词、副词比较级语气的加强还可以通过把even/ still/ by far/ much等置于形容词、副词比较级之前来进行，如：
Work hard and make still greater progress in the future.
The Pacific Ocean is by far larger than the Indian Ocean.
This problem is much more difficult than that one.
有时，形容词和副词的原级重叠也用来加强语气，如：
Our world is a very , very wide world.
I have told him many, many times.
从修辞角度来看，“It’s…that(who)…”结构是英语中广为接受的加强语气的表现法。“It”用在强调结构中常被称作强调it, 这种结构可细化为“It is(was) + 被强调成分 + that(who) + 其它成分”，可用来强调主语、宾语或状语，不能强调谓语。该强调结构和从句的搭配是高考单项选择题型的热点。下面以“I met Mary in the street yesterday.”这一句为例来看强调各个成分的用法：
It was I who(that) met Mary in the street yesterday. (强调主语)
It was Mary that(who) I met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语)
It was in the street that I met Mary yesterday.( 强调地点状语)
It was yesterday that I met Mary in the street.( 强调时间状语)
有时，该结构强调的状语见怪不怪，是地道的英语，如：
It was very reluctantly that he accepted the job.
使用这种结构要注意以下几点：
1) 该结构相当固定，“it”永远不能变；在现在时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在将来时、现在完成时等)中be动词用is; 在过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）中be动词用was。如果被强调部分表示的是人，既可用that 也可用who,但有时为了避免重复，that 和who 不可互换。
It is Mr Wang who(that) teaches English in Xueyao Middle School.
It was at nine yesterday evening that I was watching TV at home.
Who was it that you met in the street yesterday? (此句中that 不能换为who)
2) 该结构可以构成一般疑问句和特殊疑问句，如：
Was it Mary that(who) you met in the street yesterday?
3) 该强调结构常和从句搭配；如果和“not…until…”搭配，必须把not 和 until 放在一起。
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school.
It was not until nine o’clock yesterday evening that I went to bed.
It was how the young man had learned five languages that attracted the audience’s interest.(2000上海试卷)
It was in the house where Lu Xun once lived that the meeting was held.
It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.(NMET2000)