Book 1 Unit 4.doc

Ⅰ.重点单词识记
1．burst /bɜːst/ vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发
2．destroy /dI′strɔI/ vt.破坏，毁坏；消灭
3．rescue /′reskjuː/ n．& vt.援救；营救
4．trap /træp/ vt.使陷入困境；n.陷阱；困境
5．event /I′vent/ n．大事；事件
6．ruin /′ruːIn/ n．废墟；毁灭；vt.使破产；毁灭
7．extreme /Ik′striːm/ adj.极度的
8．bury /′beri/ vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏
9．shelter /′ʃeltə/ n．掩蔽；避身处
10．sincerely /sIn′sIəlI/ adv.真诚地，真挚地
11．express /Ik′spres/ vt.表达；表示；n.快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情
12．injure /′Indʒə/ vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的
13．electricity /Iˌlek′trIsəti/ n．电；电流；电学→electric adj.用电的；带电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
14．frighten /′fraItn/ vt.使惊吓，吓唬→frightened adj.受惊吓的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人惊恐的
15．congratulation /kənˌɡrætʃʊ′leIʃn/ n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺
16．judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n．裁判员；法官；vt.断定；判决→judgement n．裁判；判决
Ⅱ.重点短语识记
1．right away立刻，马上
2．think little of不重视
3．as if好像，仿佛
4．at an end结束，终结
5．in ruins严重受损，破败不堪
6．a (great) number of许多，大量的
7．dig out掘出；发现
8．be proud of/take pride in因……而自豪
Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵
1．In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都太紧张了以致于不吃东西了。
2．It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
3．Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.
成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。
4．All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
5．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。

1．In the judgement(judge)，it was wrong to give children so much pocket money.
2．We could tell from his expression(express) that he was very upset.
3．On seeing the frightening scene，the little girl was so frightened that she burst out crying.(frighten)
4．On arriving there，we expressed our congratulations(congratulate) to him on his success.
5．We refuse to sign any treaty that is against our national(nation) interests.
6．He works in a big factory as an electrical(electricity) engineer.
7．It was an extremely(extreme) difficult and dangerous task.
8．It is reported(reporter) that the accident occurred on the first Sunday in February.

1
rise to one’s feet站起来
on the rise在上涨；在增长
give rise to引起；导致
Spray rose up from the surface of the water.
水面溅起水花。
He will get a pay rise of nearly ￡4,000.
他的工资将会上涨将近4 000英镑。
图解助记

夯实基础
(1)用rise短语的适当形式填空
①Delays could give rise to further problems.
②Serious crime is once again on the rise.
③Pushing back her chair she rose to her feet.
(2)用rise的短语替换下列划线部分
The number of the unemployed is rising owing to the financial crisis.on the rise
2 burst v．爆裂(to break apart)；胀开(to break open)；冲；突然出现(appear suddenly)；n.突发；爆破；爆裂
burst (break) into＋n. 突然爆发；闯入
burst (break) out doing...突然开始做……
burst in突然冲入
burst forth迸发
Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate’s face turned red.
听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。 (2013·湖北·短文写作)
I don’t know what in the novel made him burst into tears.
我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。 (2012·湖北·完成句子)
Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken away.
昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。
图解助记

夯实基础
同义句改写
(1)Hearing the news，John burst into tears.(用burst out改写句子)
Hearing the news，John burst out crying.
(2)As soon as she saw her mother，she burst into tears.(改为现在分词短语作状语)
She saw her mother，bursting into tears.
3
in ruins毁坏；成为废墟
fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎
bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
Heavy smoking ruined his health.
过度吸烟损害了他的健康。
The bad weather had ruined all my pleasure for the holiday.
糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。
夯实基础
(1)用ruin的适当形式填空
①Years of fighting has left Iraq ruined.
②It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining our holiday.
③This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be in ruins.
(2)同义句改写
His broken leg means ruining all his hopes of becoming a famous athlete.(用名词ruin改写)
His broken leg means the ruin of all his hopes of becoming a famous athlete.
4
rescue sb./sth.from sth.从……中营救……
go/come to one’s rescue去/来救某人
rescuer n.救援人员
We were about to close down the business，but the bank went/came to our rescue with a huge loan.
我们几乎要停业，但银行借给了一大笔钱救了我们。
Rescuers searched the rubble for survivors.
救援人员在瓦砾中搜寻幸存者。
夯实基础
用rescue的适当形式填空
(1)We are informed that more firefighters will be sent there to rescue the victims.
(2)All the visitors were rescued from the burning hotel；the two injured were saved by doctors from a nearby hospital.
5
set/lay a trap for为……设下圈套
be caught in a trap＝fall into a trap落入陷阱
be trapped in 被困在……；使陷入……困境
trap sb.into doing...诱骗某人做……
She had set/laid a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。
She was trapped in the burning house at that moment.
那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。
夯实基础
(1)He was caught in a trap of(陷入) poverty.
(2)Were you just trying to trap her into making(诱骗她做出) a mistaken decision?
(3)The police set a trap(设圈套) to catch the thieves.
6
bury sth.in...把……埋在……
bury oneself in埋头于，专心于
be buried in专心于
The paper was buried under a pile of books.
那份文件被埋在书堆下。
She sat there，buried in thought.
她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。
夯实基础
(1)用bury的适当形式填空
①He walked slowly，his hand buried in his pocket.
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in the book in her hands.
③They think she was buried in the desert，along with a few others.
(2)同义句改写
I was buried in the newspaper and I didn’t notice what was happening.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
Buried in the newspaper，I didn’t notice what was happening.
7
congratulations (to sb.) on sth.就……(向某人)祝贺
Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语)
congratulate vt.祝贺，向……道喜
congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺
Congratulations on your happy marriage!
祝贺你喜结良缘！
特别提醒
(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。
(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。
夯实基础
(1)单句改错
①I congratulated myself that I had escaped unhurt.
I congratulated myself on having escaped unhurt.
②We congratulated him to have passed the exam.
We congratulated him on having passed the exam.
③—Bill，I have just passed the TOEFL.
—Congratulation.
Congratulations.
(2)翻译句子
人们向她祝贺她所取得的成就。
She was congratulated on what she had achieved.
8 judge n.裁判员；法官；vt.判定；判断；判决(form an opinion about sth. or decide a result of sth.
judge sb./sth.(to be)...判断某人(事)……
judging from/by...根据……判断
in one’s judgment依某人看来
I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.
我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
(2010·大纲全国Ⅰ·书面表达)
Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.
从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。
夯实基础
(1)Judging from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club.
从车的数量来看，他认为俱乐部里的人不多。
(2)同义句改写
In my judgment，all of them are to blame.
①In my opinion，all of them are to blame.(用opinion改写句子)
②As far as I am concerned，all of them are to blame.(用concern改写句子)
9
in honor of出于对某人(物)的敬意；为了纪念
have the honor of doing...有幸做……
It’s an honor (for sb.) to do...很荣幸做……
It’s a great honor for me to tell you something about our English club which lasts for two months.
让我谈谈持续了两个月的英语俱乐部的情况对我来说是莫大的荣幸。
2010·湖南·书面表达)
I feel highly honored by your trust.
得到您的信任，我感到十分荣幸。
夯实基础
(1)同义句改写
①I have the honor of performing before you all.(用it作形式主语改写句子)
It’s an honor for me to perform before you all.
②The street was named after a great man to honor his great contributions to the city.(用in honor of改写句子)
The street was named after a great man in honor of his great contributions to the city.
(2)翻译句子
今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。
It was a great honor to be invited here today.

prepare for为……作准备
prepare sb.sth.＝prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备……
be prepared for.../to do...准备好……
preparation n.准备
in preparation for为……作准备
make preparations for为……作准备
I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her.
我马上去给她拿了些药然后为她做了些面条。 (2013·北京·情景作文)
We each will prepare a little present.
我们每个人都会准备一个小礼物。 (2012·大纲全国Ⅱ·书面表达)
Justin had opened several bottles of wine in preparation for the party.
贾斯廷已开了好几瓶葡萄酒为聚会作准备。
夯实基础
(1)用prepare的适当形式填空
①The Foreign Minister was not prepared for such questions.
②If we hadn’t made adequate preparations，the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
③—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I would have attended it，but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
(2)同义句改写
Upon graduation from school，how well will you be ready for the job that lies ahead?
Upon graduating from school，how well will you be prepared for the job that lies ahead？

1．I felt a little dizzy，as if I had just woken from a long sleep.
2．A large number of books have been stolen from the library.
3．The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.
4．Just wait a few minutes.We’ll be back right away.
5．Mr.Zhang thinks much of his work，but thinks little of money.

1
think much/highly/well of重视；看重；对……高度评价
be well/highly thought of被……高度评价
sing high praise of/for高度评价
I gave him some advice，but he thought little of it.
我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。
夯实基础
同义句改写
Most young people think well of the popular song.(改为被动语态)
The popular song is well thought of by most young people.
2
come to an end结束
bring sth.to an end结束
put an end to结束
make ends meet 使收支相抵
on end连续
end up结束；告终
He rose to indicate that the conversation was at an end.他站起来表明谈话已近尾声。
夯实基础
一句多译
会议结束了。
①The meeting was at an end.
②The meeting came to an end.
③We put an end to the meeting.
④We brought the meeting to an end.
3
instead of后面可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、介词短语、动词等。
instead adv.代替，可置于句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.
不要空喊口号，把书和运动物品捐给那些需要的孩子们会更有意义。
(2013·江苏·书面表达)
Instead of doing everything for them，parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves.
父母不应为孩子们包办一切，而应鼓励他们克服困难，激励他们自我发展。
(2013·福建·书面表达)
夯实基础
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①This order of yours is smaller instead of larger(large)．
②He will go instead of me(my)．
③He went to the library instead of going(go) to see the sight.
④That increased instead of decreased(decrease) our courage.
⑤They went there on foot instead of by bus(bus)．
(2)同义句改写
The young man couldn’t afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.(用instead of改写句子)
The young man bought a used car instead of a new one.
4
the number of...……的数量(作主语时，动词用单数)
表示“许多；大量”的其它表达方式：
＋复数名词＋复数动词
a great/good many of＋(the，my等)修饰语＋复数名词＋复数动词
复数名词＋复数动词,不可数名词＋单数动词
a lot of/lots of
plenty of
＋可数或不可数名词＋复数动词
quantities of
masses of
＋不可数名词＋单数动词
a great deal of
a great/large amount of
A number of problems have arisen.
已经出现了一些问题。
Quantities of/Masses of food were on the table.
饭桌上有许多饭菜。
夯实基础
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)—Why does the Lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute)．
(2)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities has been rising(rise) steadily since 1990.
(3)In China，the number of cities is increasing(increase) whose development is recognized across the world.
(4)A number of high buildings have arisen(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.

1．She left me waiting in the rain(让我在雨里等) for an hour.
2．Judging by/from his previous experience(根据他先前的经历判断)，he has many advantages over other candidates.
3．He kept working as if nothing had happened(仿佛什么都没有发生似的)．
4．All my friends do not(我的朋友并不每个都) study well.
5．The global economy downturn has brought many small companies to ruin(已经使许多小公司破产)．

1 In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农场里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。

(1)too...to...太……而不能……
(2)too...to...与not或never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。,cannot be too...再……也不过分
(3)only/just/but too...to...非常……去做(too前的only，just，but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)
(4)too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...句型表示肯定，作“过于、太会……”解。
(5)too...not to...表示肯定，含义是“非常……必定能；太……不会不……”。
That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.
那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。
I’ll be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.
我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。
夯实基础
(1)完成句子
①Lily had to call a taxi because the box was much too heavy to carry all the way home.
莉莉不得不叫出租车，因为箱子太沉她拿不回家。
②You can’t/can never be too careful in the street.
你在街上走，越小心越好。
(2)翻译句子
①Mary is too wise not to know it.
玛丽很聪明，不会不懂的。
②One is never too old to learn.
活到老学到老。
2

all...not＝not all...部分否定，也称半否定
具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。
All my friends do not study well.＝Not all my friends study well.
我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。
Everything is not right.并非什么都好。
夯实基础
把下列半否定的句子改为全否定
(1)Not everything she did pleased him.
Nothing she did pleased him.
(2)Both of them are not my brothers.
Neither of them is my brother.
(3)I do not remember all the formulas.
I remember none of the formulas.
(4)She is not always excited.
She is never excited.

用定语从句的引导词完成句子
(1)A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
(2)The noodles that/which I had were delicious.
(3)Mr.Read is the professor to whom you should write.
(4)This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
(5)The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.

Ⅰ.语法填空——根据课文内容完成下面的短文
Several days before July 28,1976，many strange things happened in Tangshan.The water in the village wells rose 1.and fell.The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.2.They were signs for the earthquake.But people in the city didn’t think much 3.of these.At 3∶42 am that day，the earth began to shake，4.which destroyed the city.Many people,5.including (include) workers and doctors，came to rescue those 6.trapped(trap) under the ruins.7.Later(late) that afternoon，another big quake struck Tangshan.More people 8.were killed(kill) or injured and 9.more(many) buildings fell down.Soldiers were called in to help the rescue workers.Teams were organized to dig out 10.the trapped and to bury the dead.
Ⅱ.读写任务——用约30个词概括课文内容
At 3∶42 am，July 28,1976，the greatest earthquake of the 20th century shook Tangshan，Hebei Province，destroying almost everything.Soon 150,000 soldiers arrived and made the city breathe again.
Ⅲ.写作素材——关于地震
1．这座城市发生了地震。
2．突然，世界好像到了末日。
3．几秒钟之内城市被毁。
4．管道裂开了，电也停了，大量建筑物变为废墟。
5．人们有的受伤，有的被埋。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用as if引导的方式状语从句。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
An earthquake happened in the city.Suddenly，it seemed as if the world was at an end.The city was destroyed in seconds.Pipes burst and electricity went out.A great number of buildings lay in ruins and people were injured or buried.

Ⅰ.完形填空
People in communities have slowly been pushed apart through the years，mostly because people simply aren’t taking the time to say a simple “hello”．After considering this phenomenon，I decided I was going to 1 the way I was doing things.
My opportunity came one morning when I was in the community library.I passed by a girl who dropped her 2 out of her locker.Thinking like most that someone else would help her pick them up，I 3 my way.However，when I had to go back because I stupidly 4 my book，I noticed she had just finished pac